C语言str函数系列总结,C语言str系列库函数之strspn()、strcspn()和strpbrk()

在vc++8.0的函数库中，strtok()函数的实现采用了bit map，随后继续查阅strspn()、strcspn()和strpbrk()这三个函数源码，发现也是采用的bit map来减少存储空间，并公用了部分代码，因此写篇博客简单记录一下。

首先来看着三个函数的原型：

//return length of prefix of string consisting of characters in control

size_t __cdecl strspn (const char * string, const char * control);

//return length of prefix of string consisring of characters not in control

size_t __cdecl strcspn (const char * string, const char * control);

//return pointer to first occurrence in string of any charactrers of control,

//or NULL if nor present

char * __cdecl strpbrk (const char * string, const char * control);

XX\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\crt\src这个文件夹下有这样三个文件：strcspn.c、strpbrk.c和strspn.c。

strcspn.c：

#define SSTRCSPN //定义的宏

#include "strspn.c"

strpbrk.c：

#define SSTRPBRK //定义的宏

#include "strspn.c"

关键的实现在strspn.c中：

/* Determine which routine we're compiling for (default to STRSPN) */

#define _STRSPN 1

#define _STRCSPN 2

#define _STRPBRK 3

#if defined (SSTRCSPN)

#define ROUTINE _STRCSPN

#elif defined (SSTRPBRK)

#define ROUTINE _STRPBRK

#else

#define ROUTINE _STRSPN //默认

#endif

/* Routine prototype */

#if ROUTINE == _STRSPN

size_t __cdecl strspn (

#elif ROUTINE == _STRCSPN

size_t __cdecl strcspn (

#else /* ROUTINE == _STRCSPN */

char * __cdecl strpbrk (

#endif /* ROUTINE == _STRCSPN */

const char * string,

const char * control

)

{

const unsigned char *str = string;

const unsigned char *ctrl = control;

unsigned char map[32];

int count;

/* Clear out bit map */

for (count=0; count<32; count++)

map[count] = 0;

/* Set bits in control map */

while (*ctrl) //跟strtok()函数中的使用方式是一样的

{

map[*ctrl >> 3] |= (1 << (*ctrl & 7));

ctrl++;

}

#if ROUTINE == _STRSPN//strspn()

/* 1st char NOT in control map stops search */

if (*str)

{

count=0;

while (map[*str >> 3] & (1 << (*str & 7)))

{

count++;

str++;

}

return(count);

}

return(0);

#elif ROUTINE == _STRCSPN//strcspn()

/* 1st char in control map stops search */

count=0;

map[0] |= 1; /* null chars not considered */

while (!(map[*str >> 3] & (1 << (*str & 7))))

{

count++;

str++;

}

return(count);

#else /* ROUTINE == _STRCSPN */ //strpbrk()

/* 1st char in control map stops search */

while (*str)

{

if (map[*str >> 3] & (1 << (*str & 7)))

return((char *)str);

str++;

}

return(NULL);

#endif /* ROUTINE == _STRCSPN */

} 理解了strtok()的源码，这三个函数的理解就太容易了，主要是位图的使用，C++中提供了专门的标准类型bitset，巧妙使用，在很多算法中能节省空间，提高效率。