1. CSS(层叠样式表)、JavaScript 在 html 中的引用
(1)JavaScript 代码必须通过 HTML/XHTML 文档才能执行。有两种方式可以做到这点:
第一种方式:将 JavaScript 代码放到文档 <head> 标签中的 <script> 标签之间:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>shopping list</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="shopping.css">
<script>
function getElementsByClassName(node, className) {
if (node.getElementsByClassName) {
return node.getElementsByClassName(className);
} else {
var results = new Array();
var elems = node.getElementsByTagName("*");
for (var i=0; i < elems.length; i++) {
if (elems[i].className.indexOf(className) != -1) {
results[results.length] = elems[i];
}
}
return results;
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>What to buy</h1>
<p title="a gentle reminder">Don't forget to buy this stuff.</p>
<h2>So does this headline</h2>
<ul id="purchase">
<li>A tin of beans</li>
<li>Cheese</li>
<li class="sale important">Milk</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
第二种方式(better):将 JavaScript 代码存放在 扩展名为 .js 的独立文件(例如:testScript.js)。然后在 文档的 <head> 部分用 <script>标签来引用:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>shopping list</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="shopping.css">
<script src="testScript.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>What to buy</h1>
<p title="a gentle reminder">Don't forget to buy this stuff.</p>
<h2>So does this headline</h2>
<ul id="purchase">
<li>A tin of beans</li>
<li>Cheese</li>
<li class="sale important">Milk</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
而最好的做法是把 <script> 标签放到 HTML 文档的最后,</body> 标签之前。这样能使浏览器更快地加载页面:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>shopping list</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="shopping.css">
</head>
<body>
<h1>What to buy</h1>
<p title="a gentle reminder">Don't forget to buy this stuff.</p>
<h2>So does this headline</h2>
<ul id="purchase">
<li>A tin of beans</li>
<li>Cheese</li>
<li class="sale important">Milk</li>
</ul>
<script src="testScript.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
(2)CSS 的引用如上面代码中,在 <head> 标签中 使用 <link> 标签来引用。
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="shopping.css">