Hibernate超简单多表操作

所谓一对多映射

在数据库中我们通常会通过添加外键的方式将表关联起来,表现一对多的关系。
而在Hibernate中,我们则要通过在一方持有多方的集合来实现,即在“一”的一端中使用元素表示持有“多”的一段的对象。
下面是针对这个知识点的一个小案例:

Grade.java:

    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.HashSet;
    import java.util.Set;

    public class Grade implements Serializable {
        private int gid;
        private String gname;
        private String gdesc;
        private Set<Student> students;

        public int getGid() {
            return gid;
        }

        public void setGid(int gid) {
            this.gid = gid;
        }

        public String getGname() {
            return gname;
        }

        public void setGname(String gname) {
            this.gname = gname;
        }

        public String getGdesc() {
            return gdesc;
        }

        public void setGdesc(String gdesc) {
            this.gdesc = gdesc;
        }

        public Grade() {
            super();
        }

        public Set<Student> getStudents() {
            return students;
        }

        public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
            this.students = students;
        }

        public Grade(int gid, String gname, String gdesc) {
            super();
            this.gid = gid;
            this.gname = gname;
            this.gdesc = gdesc;
        }

        public Grade(String gname, String gdesc) {
            super();
            this.gname = gname;
            this.gdesc = gdesc;
        }

    }

Student.java:

    import java.io.Serializable;

    public class Student implements Serializable {
        private int sid;
        private String sname;
        private String sex;

        public int getSid() {
            return sid;
        }

        public void setSid(int sid) {
            this.sid = sid;
        }

        public String getSname() {
            return sname;
        }

        public void setSname(String sname) {
            this.sname = sname;
        }

        public String getSex() {
            return sex;
        }

        public void setSex(String sex) {
            this.sex = sex;
        }

        public Student() {
            super();
        }

        public Student(String sname, String sex) {
            super();
            this.sname = sname;
            this.sex = sex;
        }

    }

然后是hbm.xml文件的配置:
Grade.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping>
        <class name="com.imooc.entity.Grade" table="grade">
            <id name="gid" column="gid" type="java.lang.Integer">
                <generator class="increment"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="gname" type="java.lang.String">
                <column name="gname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>
            </property>
            <property name="gdesc">
                <column name="gdesc"></column>
            </property>
            <!-- 配置一对多关联关系 -->
            <set name="students" table="student">
                <key column="gid"></key>
                <one-to-many class="com.imooc.entity.Student"/>
            </set>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

Student.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping>
        <class name="com.imooc.entity.Student" table="student">
            <id name="sid" column="sid" type="java.lang.Integer">
                <generator class="increment"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">
                <column name="sname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>
            </property>
            <property name="sex">
                <column name="sex"></column>
            </property>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

最后,在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中将映射声明一下即可:

    <mapping resource="com./xx/Grade.hbm.xml" />
    <mapping resource="com/XX/Student.hbm.xml" />

代码实现操作的结果:

    import java.util.Set;

    import org.hibernate.Session;
    import org.hibernate.Transaction;

    import com.imooc.entity.Grade;
    import com.imooc.entity.Student;
    import com.imooc.util.HibernateUtil;

    /*
     * 单向一对多关系关系(班级--->学生)
     * 建立关联关系后,可以方便的从一个对象导航到另一个对象
     * 注意关联的方向
     */
    public class Test {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            //add();
            //findStudentsByGrade();
            //update();
            delete();

        }

        //将学生添加到班级
        public static void add(){
            Grade g=new Grade("Java一班", "Java软件开发一班");
            Student stu1=new Student("张三", "男");
            Student stu2=new Student("穆女神", "女");

            //如果希望在学生表中添加对应的班级编号,需要在班级中添加学生,建立关联关系
            /*g.getStudents().add(stu1);
            g.getStudents().add(stu2);*/

            Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();
            Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();
            session.save(g);
            session.save(stu1);
            session.save(stu2);
            tx.commit();
            HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
        }

        //查询班级中包含的学生
        public static void findStudentsByGrade(){
            Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();
            Grade grade=(Grade) session.get(Grade.class, 1);
            System.out.println(grade.getGname()+","+grade.getGdesc());

            /*Set<Student> students=grade.getStudents();
            for(Student stu:students){
                System.out.println(stu.getSname()+","+stu.getSex());
            }*/
        }

        //修改学生信息
        public static void update(){
            Grade g=new Grade("Java二班", "Java软件开发二班");

            Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();
            Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();
            Student stu=(Student) session.get(Student.class, 1);
            //g.getStudents().add(stu);
            session.save(g);
            tx.commit();
            HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
        }

        //删除学生信息
        public static void delete(){
            Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();
            Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();
            Student stu=(Student) session.get(Student.class, 2);
            session.delete(stu);
            tx.commit();
            HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
        }
    }

所谓单向多对一映射

多对一的关系和关系型数据库的外键参照关系最为匹配,即在乙方的表中的一个外键参照另一个表中的主键。 而在Hibernate中就可以通过

在多方持有乙方的引用来实现,需要在“多”的一段使用标签来进行设置。

下面是针对这个知识点的一个小案例:

Grade.java:

    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.HashSet;
    import java.util.Set;

    public class Grade implements Serializable {
        private int gid;
        private String gname;
        private String gdesc;


        public int getGid() {
            return gid;
        }

        public void setGid(int gid) {
            this.gid = gid;
        }

        public String getGname() {
            return gname;
        }

        public void setGname(String gname) {
            this.gname = gname;
        }

        public String getGdesc() {
            return gdesc;
        }

        public void setGdesc(String gdesc) {
            this.gdesc = gdesc;
        }

        public Grade() {
            super();
        }

        public Grade(int gid, String gname, String gdesc) {
            super();
            this.gid = gid;
            this.gname = gname;
            this.gdesc = gdesc;
        }

        public Grade(String gname, String gdesc) {
            super();
            this.gname = gname;
            this.gdesc = gdesc;
        }

    }

Student.java:

    import java.io.Serializable;

    public class Student implements Serializable {
        private int sid;
        private String sname;
        private String sex;
        // 在多方定义一个一方的引用
        private Grade grade;

        public Grade getGrade() {
            return grade;
        }

        public void setGrade(Grade grade) {
            this.grade = grade;
        }

        public int getSid() {
            return sid;
        }

        public void setSid(int sid) {
            this.sid = sid;
        }

        public String getSname() {
            return sname;
        }

        public void setSname(String sname) {
            this.sname = sname;
        }

        public String getSex() {
            return sex;
        }

        public void setSex(String sex) {
            this.sex = sex;
        }

        public Student() {
            super();
        }

        public Student(String sname, String sex) {
            super();
            this.sname = sname;
            this.sex = sex;
        }

    }

然后是hbm.xml文件的配置:
Grade.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping>
        <class name="com.imooc.entity.Grade" table="grade">
            <id name="gid" column="gid" type="java.lang.Integer">
                <generator class="increment"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="gname" type="java.lang.String">
                <column name="gname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>
            </property>
            <property name="gdesc">
                <column name="gdesc"></column>
            </property>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

Student.hbm.xml:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
    <hibernate-mapping>
        <class name="com.imooc.entity.Student" table="student">
            <id name="sid" column="sid" type="java.lang.Integer">
                <generator class="increment"></generator>
            </id>
            <property name="sname" type="java.lang.String">
                <column name="sname" length="20" not-null="true"></column>
            </property>
            <property name="sex">
                <column name="sex"></column>
            </property>
            <!-- 配置多对一关联关系 -->
            <many-to-one name="grade" 
        class="com.imooc.entity.Grade" column="gid" cascade="all"></many-to-one>
        </class>
    </hibernate-mapping>

最后,在hibernate.cfg.xml文件中将映射声明一下即可:

    <mapping resource="com./xx/Grade.hbm.xml" />
    <mapping resource="com/XX/Student.hbm.xml" />

再来使用代码测试一下:

    import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.imooc.entity.Grade;
import com.imooc.entity.Student;
import com.imooc.util.HibernateUtil;

/*
 * 单向多对一(学生--->班级)
 */
public class Test02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        save();
    }

    //保存
    public static void save(){
        Grade g=new Grade("Java一班","Java软件开发一班");
        Student stu1=new Student("慕女神", "女");
        Student stu2=new Student("小慕慕", "男");

        //设置关联关系
        g.getStudents().add(stu1);
        g.getStudents().add(stu2);
        stu1.setGrade(g);
        stu2.setGrade(g);

        Session session=HibernateUtil.getSession();
        Transaction tx=session.beginTransaction();
        session.save(g);
        session.save(stu1);
        session.save(stu2);
        tx.commit();
        HibernateUtil.closeSession(session);
    }
}

双向的多对一关系

只需要分别在其.hbm.xml文件中进行相关的声明就可以了。
Grade.hbm.xml文件中添加:

    <!-- 配置一对多关联关系 -->
    <set name="students" table="student">
        <key column="gid"></key>
        <one-to-many class="com.imooc.entity.Student"/>
    </set>

Student.hbm.xml文件中添加:

    <!-- 配置多对一关联关系 -->
    <many-to-one name="grade" class="com.imooc.entity.Grade" 
    column="gid" cascade="all"></many-to-one>

由此,便可完成多对一关系的映射了!

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