大实数的输入与比较

需要重载输入，输出，构造函数，以及比较操作符

用两个双端队列分别存储整数与小数部分数据，输入输出过程均转成字符串。

Bignumber实现代码

using size_t =unsigned long;
private:
    const int POWER = 4;//压四位存储
    std::string str_num,str_float_num;
    std::deque<int>num;
    std::deque<int>float_num;
    bool mark = 0;
public:
    Bignumber()=default;
    Bignumber(std::string& item){
        this->to_Bignumber(item);
    }
    Bignumber(double item){
        char *ch;
        std::string buf;
        //std::cout<<std::setprecision(15)<<item<<std::endl;
        sprintf(ch, "%.10lf",item);
        buf = ch; 
        this->to_Bignumber(buf);
    }

    ~Bignumber() = default;
    std::string to_string(){
        std::string ret;
        if(mark)ret.push_back('-');
        char ch[5];
        sprintf(ch,"%d",num.front());
        ret += ch;
        for(int i = num.size();i > 1;--i){
            sprintf(ch,"%04d",num[i-1]);
            ret += ch;
        }
        ret.push_back('.');
        sprintf(ch,"%d",float_num.front());
        ret+=ch;
        for(int i = 2;i <= float_num.size();++i){
            sprintf(ch,"%04d",float_num[i-1]);
            ret += ch;
        }
        return ret;
    }

    void to_Bignumber (std::string &st) {
       if(st[0] == '-') {
           mark = 1;
           st.erase(0,1);//处理负数
       }
       int dot_pos = st.find_first_of('.');//处理小数点
       
       str_num = st.substr(0,dot_pos);
        str_float_num = st.substr(dot_pos+1,st.length() - 1 - dot_pos);
        
       int len = (str_num.length() - 1) / POWER + 1;
       
       for(int i = 0;i < len; ++i) {
            int x = 0;
            int end = str_num.length() - i * POWER;
            int start = 0 > (end - POWER)?0:(end - POWER);
            sscanf(str_num.substr(start,
            end-start).c_str(),"%d", &x);
            num.push_front(x);
       }
       len = (str_float_num.length() - 1) /POWER + 1;
       for(int i = 0;i < len; ++i){
            int x = 0;
            int end = str_float_num.length() - i * POWER;
            int start = 0 > (end - POWER)?0:(end - POWER);
            sscanf(str_float_num.substr(start,end-start).c_str(), "%d", &x);
            float_num.push_front(x);
       }
    }
    
    bool operator <(const Bignumber &other) {//重载小于号
        if(this == &other) return false;//如果地址相同直接返回假
        if(num.size()<other.num.size())return true;
        if(num.size()>other.num.size())return false;
        auto i = num.end();
        auto j = other.num.end();
        --i;--j;
        for(;i>=num.begin();i--,j--){

            if(*i > *j)return false;
        } 
        i = float_num.end();
        j = other.float_num.end();
        --i;--j;
        for(;i>=float_num.begin() && j>=other.float_num.begin();i--,j--){
            if(*i > *j)return false;
        }
         return true;
    }

    bool operator ==(const Bignumber &other){//重载等于号
        if(this == &other) return true;
        if(mark != other.mark)return false;
        if(!(num.size() == other.num.size())) return false;
        if(!(float_num.size() == other.float_num.size()))return false;
        for(int i = num.size() -1;i >= 0;++i){
           if(!(num[i] == other.num[i])) return false;
        }
        for(int i = float_num.size()-1;i>=0;++i){
            if(!(float_num[i] == other.float_num[i]))return false;
        } 
        return true;
    }

    bool operator <=(const Bignumber &other){
        if(this == &other) return true;
        return (*this < other || *this == other);
    }
    bool operator >(const Bignumber &other){
        if(this == &other) return false;
        return !(*this <= other);
    }
    bool operator >=(const Bignumber &other){
        if(this == &other) return true;
        return *this > other || *this==other;
    }
    bool operator !=(const Bignumber &other){
        if(this == &other) return false;
        return !(*this == other);
    }

    Bignumber &operator =(const Bignumber &other){
        if(this == &other) return *this;
        this->mark = other.mark;
        this->float_num = other.float_num;
        this->num = other.num;
        this->str_num = other.str_num;
        return *this;
    }

    Bignumber &operator =(const double &item){
        char *ch;
        std::string buf;
        std::sprintf(ch, "%.10lf",item);
        buf = ch;
        to_Bignumber(buf);
        return *this;
    }

std::ostream& operator <<(std::ostream &fout, Bignumber &item){
       fout<<item.to_string();//输出字符串
        return fout;
    }

std::istream& operator >>(std::istream &fin, Bignumber &item){
        std::string temp;
        fin>>temp;//输入
        item.to_Bignumber(temp);
        return fin;
    } 
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