实验17：浮动静态路由<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

1. 实验目的

通过本实验可以掌握浮动静态路由原理、配置以及备份应用。

2. 拓扑结构

实验拓扑如图1 所示。

3. 实验步骤

本实验通过修改静态路由的管理距离为130，使得路由器选路的时候优先选择RIP，而

静态路由作为备份。配置如下：

 

r0(config)#int s0/0

r0(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

r0(config-if)#exit

r0(config)#int f1/0

r0(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

r0(config-if)#do sh ip int b

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

Serial0/0                  172.16.1.1      YES manual administratively down down   

Serial0/1                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial0/2                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

Serial0/3                  unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down   

FastEthernet1/0            192.168.1.1     YES manual administratively down down   

r0(config-if)#no sh

*Mar  1 00:09:46.735: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:09:47.735: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to upe

r0(config)#exit

*Mar  1 00:09:51.655: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by con   

r0#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.

r0(config)#int s0/0

r0(config-if)#no sh

*Mar  1 00:10:07.551: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:10:08.551: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up

r0(config-if)#exit

r0(config)#int loo 1

*Mar  1 00:11:06.111: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback1, changed state to up       

r0(config-if)#ip add <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

r0(config-if)#exit

r0(config)#router rip

r0(config-router)#ve 2

r0(config-router)#net 1.0.0.0

r0(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0

r0(config-router)#exit

r0(config)#ip route 2.2.2.0  255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2 130//将静态路由的管理距离设置为130

 

r0(config)#do sh ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

     2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

S       2.2.2.0/24 [130/0] via 172.16.1.2

R       2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:02, FastEthernet1/0

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
从以上输出可以看出，路由器将RIP 的路由放入路由表中，因为RIP 的管理距离为120，

小于在静态路由中设定的130，而静态路由处于备份的地位。

 

r0(config)#do sh ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

     2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

S       2.2.2.0/24 [130/0] via 172.16.1.2

R       2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:20, FastEthernet1/0

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

r0(config)#do sh ip route//DOWN掉R1的f1/0

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

     2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

S       2.2.2.0/24 [130/0] via 172.16.1.2

R       2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:52, FastEthernet1/0

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
r0(config)#int f1/0

r0(config-if)#sh down

                 ^

% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

 

r0(config-if)#sh

r0(config-if)#do sh ip route

 

*Mar  1 00:36:26.419: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to administratively down

*Mar  1 00:36:27.419: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to downCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

     2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

S       2.2.2.0 [130/0] via 172.16.1.2

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0
以上输出说明，当主路由中断后，备份的静态路由被放入到路由表中，也很好地解释了

浮动静态路由作为备份的工作原理。

r0(config)#int f1/0

r0(config-if)#no sh

r0(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:37:45.463: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:37:46.463: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

r0(config-if)#do sh ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

 

Gateway of last resort is not set

 

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1

     2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

S       2.2.2.0/24 [130/0] via 172.16.1.2

R       2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:07, FastEthernet1/0

     172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C       172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0

C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

以上输出表明当主路由恢复后，浮动静态路由又恢复到备份的地位。

 

r1(config)#int s0/0

r1(config-if)#ip add 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0

r1(config-if)#no sh

*Mar  1 00:08:09.131: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:08:10.131: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0,          

r1(config)#int f1/0

r1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

r1(config-if)#no sh

*Mar  1 00:08:39.223: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to down

*Mar  1 00:08:39.579: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:08:40.579: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up  

r1(config-if)#do ping 172.16.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/32/72 ms

r1(config-if)#exit

r1(config-if)#int loo 1

r1(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0

r1(config-if)#exit

r1(config)#ip route 1.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 130

r1(config)#exit

*Mar  1 00:12:47.591: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleonf

r1(config)#router rip

r1(config-router)#ve 2

r1(config-router)#net 1.0.0.0

r1(config-router)#no net 1.0.0.0

r1(config-router)#net 2.0.0.0

r1(config-router)#net 192.168.1.0

r1(config-router)#exit

r1(config)#int f1/0

r1(config-if)#shutdown

r1(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:24:25.207: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to administratively down

*Mar  1 00:24:26.207: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to down
r1(config)#