以下是我编写的DataAccess通用数据库访问类，简单易用，支持：内联式创建多个参数、支持多事务提交、支持参数复用、支持更换数据库类型，希望能帮到大家，若需支持查出来后转换成实体，可以自行扩展datarow转实体类，也可以搭配dapper.net实现更强大的功能。
/// <summary> /// 通用数据库访问类，支持多种数据库，无直接依赖某个数据库组件 /// 作者：左文俊 /// 日期：2016-6-3(修订：2017-6-1) /// </summary> public class DataAccess : IDisposable { [ThreadStatic] private static DbProviderFactory _dbProviderFactory = null; [ThreadStatic] private static string _connectionString = string.Empty; [ThreadStatic] public static string ConnectionStringName = string.Empty; private DbProviderFactory dbProviderFactory = null; private string connectionString = string.Empty; private DbConnection dbConnection = null; private DbTransaction dbTransaction = null; private bool useTransaction = false; private bool disposed = false; private bool committed = false; private ParameterHelperClass paramHelper = null; public DataAccess() : this("default") { } public DataAccess(string cnnStringName, Func<string, string> DecryptCnnStringFunc = null) { if (!string.Equals(ConnectionStringName, cnnStringName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || _dbProviderFactory == null || _connectionString == null) { ConnectionStringName = cnnStringName; var cnnStringSection = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[cnnStringName]; _dbProviderFactory = DbProviderFactories.GetFactory(cnnStringSection.ProviderName); _connectionString = cnnStringSection.ConnectionString; if (DecryptCnnStringFunc != null) { _connectionString = DecryptCnnStringFunc(_connectionString); } } dbProviderFactory = _dbProviderFactory; connectionString = _connectionString; paramHelper = new ParameterHelperClass(this); } public DataAccess(string cnnString, string providerName) { if (!string.Equals(_connectionString, cnnString, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) || _dbProviderFactory == null) { ConnectionStringName = string.Empty; _connectionString = cnnString; _dbProviderFactory = DbProviderFactories.GetFactory(providerName); } dbProviderFactory = _dbProviderFactory; connectionString = _connectionString; paramHelper = new ParameterHelperClass(this); } #region 私有方法 private DbConnection GetDbConnection() { if (dbConnection == null) { dbConnection = dbProviderFactory.CreateConnection(); dbConnection.ConnectionString = connectionString; } if (dbConnection.State == ConnectionState.Closed) { dbConnection.Open(); } if (useTransaction && dbTransaction == null) { dbTransaction = dbConnection.BeginTransaction(); committed = false; } return dbConnection; } private DbCommand BuildDbCommand(string sqlCmdText, CommandType cmdType = CommandType.Text, DbParameter[] parameters = null) { var dbCmd = dbProviderFactory.CreateCommand(); var dbConn = GetDbConnection(); dbCmd.Connection = dbConn; dbCmd.CommandText = sqlCmdText; dbCmd.CommandType = cmdType; dbCmd.CommandTimeout = 30 * 60; if (useTransaction) { dbCmd.Transaction = dbTransaction; } if (parameters != null) { dbCmd.Parameters.AddRange(parameters); } return dbCmd; } private DbCommand BuildDbCommand(string sqlCmdText, CommandType cmdType = CommandType.Text, IDictionary<string, object> paramNameValues = null) { List<DbParameter> parameters = new List<DbParameter>(); if (paramNameValues != null) { foreach (var item in paramNameValues) { parameters.Add(BuildDbParameter(item.Key, item.Value)); } } return BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, cmdType, parameters.ToArray()); } private DbCommand BuildDbCommand(string sqlCmdText, CommandType cmdType = CommandType.Text, params object[] paramObjs) { if (paramObjs != null && paramObjs.Length > 0) { if (paramObjs[0] is IDictionary<string, object>) { return BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, cmdType, paramObjs[0] as IDictionary<string, object>); } else if (paramObjs is DbParameter[]) { return BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, cmdType, paramObjs as DbParameter[]); } else { List<DbParameter> parameters = new List<DbParameter>(); for (int i = 0; i < paramObjs.Length; i++) { parameters.Add(BuildDbParameter("@p" + i.ToString(), paramObjs[i])); } return BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, cmdType, parameters.ToArray()); } } else { return BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, cmdType, parameters: null); } } private void ClearCommandParameters(DbCommand cmd) { bool canClear = true; if (cmd.Connection != null && cmd.Connection.State != ConnectionState.Open) { foreach (DbParameter commandParameter in cmd.Parameters) { if (commandParameter.Direction != ParameterDirection.Input) { canClear = false; break; } } } if (canClear) { cmd.Parameters.Clear(); } } #endregion #region 公共方法 public void UseTransaction() { useTransaction = true; } public void Commit() { if (dbTransaction != null && useTransaction) { dbTransaction.Commit(); dbTransaction.Dispose(); dbTransaction = null; committed = true; useTransaction = false; } } public DbParameter BuildDbParameter(string name, object value) { DbParameter parameter = dbProviderFactory.CreateParameter(); parameter.ParameterName = name; parameter.Value = value != null ? value : DBNull.Value; return parameter; } public DbParameter BuildDbParameter(string name, object value, DbType dbType, int size = -1, ParameterDirection direction = ParameterDirection.Input) { DbParameter parameter = dbProviderFactory.CreateParameter(); parameter.ParameterName = name; parameter.Value = value != null ? value : DBNull.Value; parameter.DbType = dbType; parameter.Direction = direction; if (size != -1) { parameter.Size = size; } return parameter; } public DbParameter BuildDbParameter(string name, DbType dbType, string srcColumn, int size = -1, bool srcColumnNullMapping = true, ParameterDirection direction = ParameterDirection.Input) { DbParameter parameter = dbProviderFactory.CreateParameter(); parameter.ParameterName = name; parameter.SourceColumn = srcColumn; parameter.SourceColumnNullMapping = srcColumnNullMapping; parameter.DbType = dbType; parameter.Direction = direction; if (size != -1) { parameter.Size = size; } return parameter; } public DbDataReader ExecuteReader(string sqlCmdText, CommandType cmdType = CommandType.Text, params object[] paramObjs) { var dbCmd = BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, cmdType, paramObjs); var dr = dbCmd.ExecuteReader(); ClearCommandParameters(dbCmd); return dr; } public T ExecuteScalar<T>(string sqlCmdText, CommandType cmdType = CommandType.Text, params object[] paramObjs) { T returnValue = default(T); var dbCmd = BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, cmdType, paramObjs); object result = dbCmd.ExecuteScalar(); try { returnValue = (T)Convert.ChangeType(result, typeof(T)); } catch { } ClearCommandParameters(dbCmd); return returnValue; } public DataSet ExecuteDataSet(string sqlCmdText, CommandType cmdType = CommandType.Text, params object[] paramObjs) { var dbCmd = BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, cmdType, paramObjs); var dbAdapter = dbProviderFactory.CreateDataAdapter(); dbAdapter.SelectCommand = dbCmd; DataSet returnDataSet = new DataSet(); dbAdapter.Fill(returnDataSet); ClearCommandParameters(dbCmd); return returnDataSet; } public DataTable ExecuteDataTable(string sqlCmdText, CommandType cmdType = CommandType.Text, params object[] paramObjs) { DataTable returnTable = new DataTable(); DataSet resultDataSet = ExecuteDataSet(sqlCmdText, cmdType, paramObjs); if (resultDataSet != null && resultDataSet.Tables.Count > 0) { returnTable = resultDataSet.Tables[0]; } return returnTable; } public int ExecuteCommand(string sqlCmdText, CommandType cmdType = CommandType.Text, params object[] paramObjs) { var dbCmd = BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, cmdType, paramObjs); int execResult = dbCmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); ClearCommandParameters(dbCmd); return execResult; } public int BatchExecuteCommand(string sqlCmdText, DbParameter[] sqlParams, DataTable srcTable, int batchSize = 0, bool needAllReChange = true) { var dbCmd = BuildDbCommand(sqlCmdText, CommandType.Text, sqlParams); dbCmd.UpdatedRowSource = System.Data.UpdateRowSource.None; var dbAdapter = dbProviderFactory.CreateDataAdapter(); dbAdapter.AcceptChangesDuringUpdate = false; sqlCmdText = sqlCmdText.Trim(); string bathExecType = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Match(sqlCmdText, @"^\w+\b").Value.ToUpper(); if (needAllReChange) { srcTable.AcceptChanges(); } switch (bathExecType) { case "INSERT": { dbAdapter.InsertCommand = dbCmd; if (needAllReChange) { foreach (DataRow row in srcTable.Rows) row.SetAdded(); } break; } case "UPDATE": { dbAdapter.UpdateCommand = dbCmd; if (needAllReChange) { foreach (DataRow row in srcTable.Rows) row.SetModified(); } break; } case "DELETE": { dbAdapter.DeleteCommand = dbCmd; if (needAllReChange) { for (int r = srcTable.Rows.Count - 1; r >= 0; r--) srcTable.Rows[r].Delete(); } break; } default: { throw new ArgumentException("无效的SQL命令！", "sqlCmdText"); } } dbAdapter.UpdateBatchSize = batchSize; int execResult = dbAdapter.Update(srcTable); ; ClearCommandParameters(dbCmd); return execResult; } public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } #endregion private void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (!disposed) { try { if (disposing) { //释放托管资源 } if (dbTransaction != null) { if (!committed) { dbTransaction.Rollback(); } dbTransaction.Dispose(); } if (dbConnection != null) { if (dbConnection.State != ConnectionState.Closed) { dbConnection.Close(); } dbConnection.Dispose(); } } catch { } disposed = true; } } ~DataAccess() { Dispose(false); } public ParameterHelperClass ParameterHelper { get { return paramHelper; } } public class ParameterHelperClass { private List<DbParameter> parameterList = null; private DataAccess parent = null; public ParameterHelperClass(DataAccess da) { parent = da; parameterList = new List<DbParameter>(); } public ParameterHelperClass AddParameter(string name, object value) { parameterList.Add(parent.BuildDbParameter(name, value)); return this; } public ParameterHelperClass AddParameter(string name, object value, DbType dbType, int size = -1, ParameterDirection direction = ParameterDirection.Input) { parameterList.Add(parent.BuildDbParameter(name, value, dbType, size, direction)); return this; } public ParameterHelperClass AddParameter(string name, DbType dbType, string srcColumn, int size = -1, bool srcColumnNullMapping = true, ParameterDirection direction = ParameterDirection.Input) { parameterList.Add(parent.BuildDbParameter(name, dbType, srcColumn, size, srcColumnNullMapping, direction)); return this; } public ParameterHelperClass AddParametersWithValue(params object[] paramValues) { for (int i = 0; i < paramValues.Length; i++) { parameterList.Add(parent.BuildDbParameter("@p" + i.ToString(), paramValues[i])); } return this; } public DbParameter[] ToParameterArray() { var paramList = parameterList; parameterList = new List<DbParameter>(); return paramList.ToArray(); } } }
多种灵活用法，使用示例代码如下：
用法一：采用内联式创建参数数组对象，然后执行SQL命令
using (DataAccess da = new DataAccess())
{
var programInfo = new ProgramInfo() { Name="test", Version="1.0", InstalledLocation=AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory };
var parameters = da.ParameterHelper.AddParameter("@Mbno", "188231670**")
.AddParameter("@Msg", string.Format("程序名：{0}，版本：{1}，安装路径：{2}，已停止运行了，请尽快处理！",
programInfo.Name, programInfo.Version, programInfo.InstalledLocation))
.AddParameter("@SendTime", DateTime.Now)
.AddParameter("@KndType", "监控异常通知")
.ToParameterArray();
da.ExecuteCommand("insert into OutBox(Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType) values(@Mbno,@Msg,@SendTime,@KndType)", paramObjs: parameters);
}
用法二：在用法一基础上使用事务来进行提交
using (DataAccess da = new DataAccess())
{
var programInfo = new ProgramInfo() { Name = "test", Version = "1.0", InstalledLocation = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory };
var parameters = da.ParameterHelper.AddParameter("@Mbno", "188231670**")
.AddParameter("@Msg", string.Format("程序名：{0}，版本：{1}，安装路径：{2}，已停止运行了，请尽快处理！",
programInfo.Name, programInfo.Version, programInfo.InstalledLocation))
.AddParameter("@SendTime", DateTime.Now)
.AddParameter("@KndType", "监控异常通知")
.ToParameterArray();
da.UseTransaction();
da.ExecuteCommand("insert into OutBox(Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType) values(@Mbno,@Msg,@SendTime,@KndType)", paramObjs: parameters);
da.Commit();
}
用法三：在用法二基础上使用事务一次性执行多个SQL命令
using (DataAccess da = new DataAccess())
{
var programInfo = new ProgramInfo() { Name = "test", Version = "1.0", InstalledLocation = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory };
var parameters = da.ParameterHelper.AddParameter("@Mbno", "188231670**")
.AddParameter("@Msg", string.Format("程序名：{0}，版本：{1}，安装路径：{2}，已停止运行了，请尽快处理！",
programInfo.Name, programInfo.Version, programInfo.InstalledLocation))
.AddParameter("@SendTime", DateTime.Now)
.AddParameter("@KndType", "监控异常通知")
.ToParameterArray();
da.UseTransaction();
da.ExecuteCommand("insert into OutBox(Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType) values(@Mbno,@Msg,@SendTime,@KndType)", paramObjs: parameters);
da.ExecuteCommand("insert into OutBox(Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType) values(@Mbno,@Msg,@SendTime,@KndType)", paramObjs: parameters);
da.Commit();
}
用法四：在用法一基础上使用多个事务来执行多个SQL并进行多次提交
using (DataAccess da = new DataAccess())
{
var programInfo = new ProgramInfo() { Name = "test", Version = "1.0", InstalledLocation = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory };
var parameters = da.ParameterHelper.AddParameter("@Mbno", "188231670**")
.AddParameter("@Msg", string.Format("程序名：{0}，版本：{1}，安装路径：{2}，已停止运行了，请尽快处理！",
programInfo.Name, programInfo.Version, programInfo.InstalledLocation))
.AddParameter("@SendTime", DateTime.Now)
.AddParameter("@KndType", "监控异常通知")
.ToParameterArray();
da.UseTransaction();
da.ExecuteCommand("insert into OutBox(Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType) values(@Mbno,@Msg,@SendTime,@KndType)", paramObjs: parameters);
da.Commit();
da.UseTransaction();
da.ExecuteCommand("insert into OutBox(Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType) values(@Mbno,@Msg,@SendTime,@KndType)", paramObjs: parameters);
da.Commit();
}
用法五：事务提交+SQL命令查询
using (DataAccess da = new DataAccess())
{
var programInfo = new ProgramInfo() { Name = "test", Version = "1.0", InstalledLocation = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory };
var parameters = da.ParameterHelper.AddParameter("@Mbno", "188231670**")
.AddParameter("@Msg", string.Format("程序名：{0}，版本：{1}，安装路径：{2}，已停止运行了，请尽快处理！",
programInfo.Name, programInfo.Version, programInfo.InstalledLocation))
.AddParameter("@SendTime", DateTime.Now)
.AddParameter("@KndType", "监控异常通知")
.ToParameterArray();
da.UseTransaction();
da.ExecuteCommand("insert into OutBox(Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType) values(@Mbno,@Msg,@SendTime,@KndType)", paramObjs: parameters);
da.Commit();
parameters = da.ParameterHelper.AddParameter("@Mbno", "188231670**").ToParameterArray();
var table = da.ExecuteDataTable("select Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType from OutBox where Mbno=@Mbno", paramObjs: parameters);
System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(table.Rows.Count.ToString());
}
用法六：不采用内联方式创建参数，而是执行SQL命令时直接传入各类型的参数
using (DataAccess da = new DataAccess())
{
var programInfo = new ProgramInfo() { Name = "test", Version = "1.0", InstalledLocation = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory };
da.ExecuteCommand("insert into OutBox(Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType) values(@Mbno,@Msg,@SendTime,@KndType)",
System.Data.CommandType.Text,
new Dictionary<string, object> {
{"@Mbno", "188231670**"},
{"@Msg", string.Format("程序名：{0}，版本：{1}，安装路径：{2}，已停止运行了，请尽快处理！",
programInfo.Name, programInfo.Version, programInfo.InstalledLocation)},
{"@SendTime", DateTime.Now},
{"@KndType", "监控异常通知"}
});
var table = da.ExecuteDataTable("select Mbno,Msg,SendTime,KndType from OutBox where Mbno=@p0",
System.Data.CommandType.Text,
"188231670**"//若采用直接是输入值数组，那么SQL命令中的参数占位符必需定义成：@p0,@p1...
);
System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(table.Rows.Count.ToString());
}
用法七：除了上面使用DataAccess.ParameterHelper属性的AddParameter(string name, object value)方法来创建参数，还可以使用AddParameter(string name, object value, DbType dbType, ParameterDirection direction = ParameterDirection.Input)来创建指定输入输出及类型的参数，还有AddParametersWithValue(params object[] paramValues)来根据值数组创建参数
若需要更换数据库类型，只需要在配置文件的connectionStrings节点加入相关的连接子节点，注意providerName特性，providerName常用的如下：
Aceess数据库：providerName="System.Data.OleDb"
Oracle 数据库：providerName="System.Data.OracleClient"或者providerName="Oracle.DataAccess.Client"
SQLite数据库：providerName="System.Data.SQLite"
SQL SERVER数据库：providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"
MYSQL数据库：providerName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient"
ODBC连接数据库:providerName="System.Data.Odbc"
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