LINQ to SQL的对象模型和基于Attribute的映射

[索引页]

挖.在上几周我写拉关于 LINQ 的标准操作符号的文章,接着有发一篇关于转化泛型参数类型的文章,转化泛型参数类型能帮助我们使用 LINQ to DataSet中扩展返回集合 的泛型参数类型.如果你还关注 LINQ to JavaScript.现在几来看LINQ to SQL,



分下面几篇文章:

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(1)LINQ to SQL的对象模型和基于Attribute的映射;
(2)DataContext的讨论
(3)LINQ to SQL 插入,删除,更新,调试,并发控制
(4)高级LINQ to SQL的使用
(6)LINQ to SQL的性能关注
(7)LINQ三层应用程序.

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LINQ to SQL的对象模型和基于Attribute的映射

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一:LINQ to SQL的对象模型简单:

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LINQ to SQL Object	Relational Object
DataContext	Database
Entity class	Table
Class member	Column
Association	Foreign-key relationship

          

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二:的如何映射

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(1)在LINQ to SQL中有三种映射方式:

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1. Object Relational Designer (ORD) tool
2. SQLMetal command-line tool
3. 手写

这里我们只关注手写:

按照上面对象模型的结构.我(在cases我们用的"AdventureWorks",我手写的感兴趣的可以下载,免高手,提供一个northwnd的 下载)

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(2)映射数据库

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在DatabaseAttribute 的attribute的Name属性指定数据库的名.
[Database(Name="Database#5")]

[Database(Name = " AdventureWorks " )]
public   class  AWDB
{

}

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(3)映射table

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TableAttribute :表示这个实体类指示的是一个数据库的表.
[Table(Name = "Customers")]

[Table(Name  =   " HumanResources.Employee " )]
public   class  Employee
{
//
}
[Table(Name  =   " Person.Contact " )]
public   class  Contact
{
//
}

要注意最好对Name属性提供完整的引用[dbo].[Customers],还有如果你已经映射table给一个实体,就不能再将其他表映射给这个实体.

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(4)Mapping Columns

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ColumnAttribute
ColumnAttribute:表示属性或域指示的是数据库的column.
 [Column(Name="CustomerID")]

对于ColumnAttribute给一张表:

Property	Description	Default Value(if any)
Name	表的Column名
DbType	数据Column的类型(并不是实体类型)
Storage	实体暂存域或变量(转成在SQL命令"field AS storage")
IsPrimaryKey	指定当前的column是不是相应表的主键	false
IsDbGenerated	指定当前的column是否自动产生值	false
CanBeNull	指定当前column是否允许有null值
AutoSync	告诉运行环境在INSERT或更新操作执行后得到当前column值.              它有四个操作:Never—不为 INSERT或UPDATE操作返回值. OnUpdate:只返回更新操作的 column值. OnInsert:只返回查入操作的column值(这样可以提供性能)	Never
Expression	定义计算数据column的值.
IsVersion	指定当前column的版本或timestamp
UpdateCheck	在LINQ to SQL中对乐观并发操作控制.有三个值:Always,Nerver,WhenChanged.
IsDiscriminator	指定用一个值来鉴别column是否LINQ to SQL继承关系.

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1:基本的表的Column的mapping

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[Column(DBType  =   " int " , IsPrimaryKey = true , CanBeNull = false )]
public   int  EmployeeID;
[Column(DBType  =   " nvarchar(256) " , CanBeNull = false )]
public   string  LoginID;
[Column(DBType  =   " nvarchar(15) " , CanBeNull = false )]
public   string  NationalIDNUmber;
[Column(DBType  =   " int " ,CanBeNull = false )]
public   int  ManagerID;

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2Expression的使用

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[Column(Storage = " _UnitPrice " , DbType = " Money " ,Expression = " UnitPrice + 1.00 " )]
     public  System.Nullable < decimal >  UnitPrice
     {
        get
        {
            return this._UnitPrice;
        }
        set
        {
            if ((this._UnitPrice != value))
            {
                this.OnUnitPriceChanging(value);
                this.SendPropertyChanging();
                this._UnitPrice = value;
                this.SendPropertyChanged("UnitPrice");
                this.OnUnitPriceChanged();
            }
        }
    }

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3:CanBeNull的使用

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上面是一种使用方式,还可以在实体上指定类型:

我们现在定义在Orders表中的EmployeeID包括Null值:
private Nullable<int> _EmployeeID;

[Column(Storage  =   " _EmployeeID " , DbType  =   " Int " )]
         public  System.Nullable < int >  EmployeeID
         {
            get {
                return this._EmployeeID;
            }
            set
            {
                if ((this._EmployeeID != value))
                {
                    this._EmployeeID = value;
                }
            }
        }

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(4)Mapping RelationShips

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数据库中表的关系我们指的是primary key/foreign key,这里也一样.这里主键的设定是通过IsPrimaryKey来设置的,而他们外键的关系就要使用AssociationAttribute来决定 .

1:AssociationAttribute
表示与数据库中的关系相结合的属性,如果外键.这里也是一张表:

Property	Description
Name	结合的关系名
Storage	指定暂时存储的field/变量
IsUnique	外健是否有唯一约束
ThisKey	在实体类的成员上标识,表示本成员上结合键值.
otherkey	在多个目标实体上表识,表示与其他成员结合键值.

     

[Table(Name  =   " Person.Contact " )]
public   class  Contact
{
[Column(DBType = "nvarchar(8) not null")]
public string Title;

[Column(DBType = "nvarchar(50) not null")]
public string FirstName;
[Column(DBType = "nvarchar(50) not null")]
public string MiddleName;
[Column(DBType = "nvarchar(50) not null")]
public string LastName;
[Column(DBType = "nvarchar(50) not null")]
public string EmailAddress;
[Column(DBType = "int")]
public int EmailPromotion;
private EntityRef<Employee> _Employee;
[Association(Name = "FK_Employee_Contact_ContactID",
Storage = "_Employee", ThisKey = "ContactID", IsForeignKey = true)]
public Employee Emp
{
get { return this._Employee.Entity; }
set { this._Employee.Entity = value; }
}
}

这里还要谈到EntitySet与EntityRef类

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2:EntitySet(TEntity)类

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提供延迟加载并且为集合保持一对多关系和一对一关系.与EnityRef(TEntity)结合.EntitySet设置外健的实体,EntityRef是引用外键的实体.

在你的实体类中的任何关系你都能使用代码来编写,在Northwind数据库中,因为customers与orders他们之间就有关系.那你也能在你的模型中建立关系.
LINQ to SQL 定义一个AssociationAttribute属性去帮助表示关系.这个属性与EntitySet(TEntity)和EntityRef(TEntity)类型一起使用表示在数据库中外键关系.
通常都是一对多,但也有下面的

• 一对一:表示在两边EntitySet(TEntity)中的这种关系.
• 多对多:这个连结表的主键通常还有他两个表的外键混合而成在这表中.

 现在就是Orders表和Order Details,Customer是一对一的关系,OrderID的外健是在Order Details中,而Orders中还建有CustomerID.看下面:

[Table(Name  =   " Customers " )]
     public   partial   class  customer
     {
        private string _CustomerID;

        private EntitySet<order> _Orders;

       
        public customer()
        {
            this._Orders = new EntitySet<order>(new Action<order>(this.attach_Orders),
                new Action<order>(this.detach_Orders));
        }

        [Column(Name = "CustomerID", DbType = "NChar(5) NOT NULl IDENTITY", IsPrimaryKey = true,
            IsDbGenerated = true, CanBeNull = false)]
        public string CustomerID
        {
            get
            {
                return this._CustomerID;
            }

            set
            {
                if ((this._CustomerID != value))
                {
                    this._CustomerID = value;
                }
            }
        }

        [Association(Name="FK_Orders_Customers",Storage="_Orders",OtherKey="CustomerID")]
        public EntitySet<order> Orders
        {
            get
            {
                return this._Orders;
            }
            set
            {
                this._Orders.Assign(value);
            }
        }

        private void attach_Orders(order entity)
        {
           
            entity.Customer = this;
        }

        private void detach_Orders(order entity)
        {
           
            entity.Customer = null;
        }
    }



    [Table(Name  =   " Orders " )]
     public   partial   class  order
     {
        private int _OrderID;

        private string _CustomerID;

        private EntityRef<customer> _Customer;

        private EntitySet<Order_Detail> _Order_Details;
   
        public order()
        {
            this._Customer = default(EntityRef<customer>);
        this._Order_Details = new EntitySet<Order_Detail>(new Action<Order_Detail>
            (this.attach_Order_Details),new Action<Order_Detail>(this.detach_Order_Details));
        }
        [Column(Name = "OrderID",AutoSync = AutoSync.OnInsert, IsPrimaryKey = true,
             DbType = "int NOT Null IDENTITY", IsDbGenerated=true)]
        public int OrderID
        {
            get
            {
                return this._OrderID;
            }
            set
            {
                if ((this._OrderID != value))
                {
                    this._OrderID = value;
                }
            }
        }

        [Column(Storage = "_CustomerID", DbType = "NChar(5)")]
        public string CustomerID
        {
            get
            {
                return this._CustomerID;
            }
            set
            {
                if ((this._CustomerID != value))
                {
                    if (this._CustomerID != value)
                    {
                        this._CustomerID = value;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

     
        [Association(Name = "FK_Orders_Customers", Storage = "_Customer", ThisKey = "CustomerID")]
        public customer Customer
        {
            get { return this._Customer.Entity; }
            set { this._Customer.Entity = value; }
        }

        [Association(Name = "Order_Order_Detail", Storage = "_Order_Details", OtherKey = "OrderID")]
        public EntitySet<Order_Detail> Order_Details
        {
            get
            {
                return this._Order_Details;
            }
            set
            {
                this._Order_Details.Assign(value);
            }
        }

        private void attach_Order_Details(Order_Detail entity)
        {
           
            entity.Order = this;
        }

        private void detach_Order_Details(Order_Detail entity)
        {
         
            entity.Order = null;
        }
       
    }

    [Table(Name  =   " dbo.[Order Details] " )]
     public   partial   class  Order_Detail
     {

        private int _OrderID;

       private EntityRef<order> _Order;

        public Order_Detail()
        {
            this._Order = default(EntityRef<order>);
           
        }

        [Column(Storage = "_OrderID", DbType = "Int NOT NULL", IsPrimaryKey = true)]
        public int OrderID
        {
            get
            {
                return this._OrderID;
            }
            set
            {
                if ((this._OrderID != value))
                {
                     this._OrderID = value;
                }
            }
        }

        [Association(Name = "Order_Order_Detail", Storage = "_Order", ThisKey = "OrderID",
            IsForeignKey = true)]
        public order Order
        {
            get
            {
                return this._Order.Entity;
            }
            set
            {
                this._Order.Entity = value;
            }
        }
    }

其实很简单:

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3还需要注意:

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上面提到的Storage是在DataAttribute
DataAttribute.Storage Property

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(5)映射存储过程

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1:在LINQ to SQL中有StoredProcedure attribute,它将数据库中的存储过程存储在client对象.它只有一个单独的属性Name.

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[StoredProcedure(Name = " OrdersBySalesPersonID " )]
public  IEnumerable OrdersBySalesPersonID([Parameter(DBType  =   " int " )] String param1)
{
IExecuteResults results = this.ExecuteMethodCall<OrdersBySalesPersonID>
(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())),
param1);
}

使用存储过程返回记录:

[StoredProcedure(Name  =   " dbo.uspGetRoleDescription " )]
         public  IEnumerable uspGetRoleDescription([Parameter(Name  =   " @description " )]  string  description)
         {
            IQueryResults result =
          this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), description);                   
            return ((IEnumerable)(result));
        }

使用存储过程管理记录:

[StoredProcedure(Name  =   " dbo.uspUpdateRole " )]
         public   int  uspUpdateRole
    ([Parameter(Name  =   " @id " )] Nullable id, [Parameter(Name  =   " @description " )]  string  description)            
         {
            IExecuteResults result =
    this.ExecuteMethodCall(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())), id, description);
            return ((int)(result.ReturnValue));
        }

还可以使用LINQ语句去代替SQL语句去调用存储过程

这样有个好处就是我们又可以使用Vs2008的特点拉和C#的特点.

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2:还可以使用Parameter Attribute

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有两个属性:

Property	Descritption	DefaultValue(if any)
Name	Parameter名	在数据库中这个参数名的字符串
DbType	在数据库中的类型

              

[StoredProcedure(Name = " OrdersBySalesPersonID " )]
[ return : Parameter(DbType  =   " numeric " )]
public  IEnumerable MaxOrderBySalesPersonID([Parameter(DbType  =   " int " )]
String param1)
{
IExecuteResults results = this.ExecuteMethodCall<OrdersBySalesPersonID>
(this, ((MethodInfo)(MethodInfo.GetCurrentMethod())),
param1);
}

       

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(6)Mapping Functions

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LINQ to SQL支持用户定义函数.使用方法就是attribute
[Function(Name="ufnGetcontactInformation")]
Public IQueryable<ufnGetcontactInformation>
ufnGetcontactInformation(System.Nullable<int> ContactID)
{
//
}

Property	Descritption	DefaultValue(if any)
IComposable	得到或设置是否一个方法被映射到一个函数或一个存储过程.
Name	函数名
TypeId	当实现一个派生类时,为这一个Attrbute的得到一个唯一标记.

                                     

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(7)inheritanceMappingAttribute

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使用这个Attribute绘制整个继承层次关系.

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