Oracle 不同版本之区别

This document summarizes the differences between Oracle Server releases.

Most DBA's and developers work with multiple versions of Oracle at any particular time. This document describes the high level features introduced with each new version of the Oracle database. It is intended to be used as a quick reference as to whether a feature can be implemented, or if a upgrade is required.

Oracle 10g Release 2 (10.2.0) - September 2005

• Transparent Data Encryption
• Async commits
• CONNECT ROLE can only connect
• Passwords for DB Links are encrypted
• New asmcmd utility for managing ASM storage

Oracle 10g Release 1 (10.1.0)

• Grid computing - an extension of the clustering feature (Real Application Clusters)
• Manageability improvements (self-tuning features)
• Performance and scalability improvements
• Automated Storage Management (ASM)
• Automatic Workload Repository (AWR)
• Automatic Database Diagnostic Monitor (ADDM)
• Flashback operations available on row, transaction, table or database level
• Ability to UNDROP a table from a recycle bin
• Ability to rename tablespaces
• Ability to transport tablespaces across machine types (E.g Windows to Unix)
• New 'drop database' statement
• New database scheduler - DBMS_SCHEDULER
• DBMS_FILE_TRANSFER Package
• Support for bigfile tablespaces that is up to 8 Exabytes in size
• Data Pump - faster data movement with expdp and impdp.

Oracle 9i Release 2 (9.2.0)

• Locally Managed SYSTEM tablespaces
• Oracle Streams - new data sharing/replication feature (can potentially replace Oracle Advance Replication and Standby Databases)
• XML DB (Oracle is now a standards compliant XML database)
• Data segment compression (compress keys in tables - only when loading data)
• Cluster file system for Windows and Linux (raw devices are no longer required).
• Create logical standby databases with Data Guard
• Java JDK 1.3 used inside the database (JVM)
• Oracle Data Guard Enhancements (SQL Apply mode - logical copy of primary database, automatic failover
• Security Improvements - Default Install Accounts locked, VPD on synonyms, AES, Migrate Users to Directory

Oracle 9i Release 1 (9.0.1) - June 2001

• Traditional rollback segments (RBS) are still available, but can be replaced with automated System Managed Undo (SMU). Using SMU, Oracle will create it's own "Rollback Segments" and size them automatically without any DBA involvement.
• Flashback query (dbms_flashback.enable) - one can query data as it looked at some point in the past. This feature will allow users to correct wrongly committed transactions without contacting the DBA to do a database restore.
• Use Oracle Ultra Search for searching databases, file systems, etc. The UltraSearch crawler fetch data and hand it to Oracle Text to be indexed.
• Oracle Nameserver is still available, but deprecate in favour of LDAP Naming (using the Oracle Internet Directory Server). A nameserver proxy is provided for backwards compatibility as pre-8i client cannot resolve names from an LDAP server.
• Oracle Parallel Server's (OPS) scalability was improved - now called Real Application Clusters (RAC). Full Cache Fusion implemented. Any application can scale in a database cluster. Applications doesn't need to be cluster aware anymore.
• The Oracle Standby DB feature renamed to Oracle Data Guard. New Logical Standby databases replay SQL on standby site allowing the database to be used for normal read write operations. The Data Guard Broker allows single step fail-over when disaster strikes.
• Scrolling cursor support. Oracle9i allows fetching backwards in a result set.
• Dynamic Memory Management - Buffer Pools and shared pool can be resized on-the-fly. This eliminates the need to restart the database each time parameter changes were made.
• On-line table and index reorganization.
• VI (Virtual Interface) protocol support, an alternative to TCP/IP, available for use with Oracle Net (SQL*Net). VI provides fast communications between components in a cluster.
• Build in XML Developers Kit (XDK). New data types for XML (XMLType), URI's, etc. XML integrated with AQ.
• Cost Based Optimizer now also consider memory and CPU, not only disk access cost as before.
• PL/SQL programs can be natively compiled to binaries.
• Deep data protection - fine grained security and auditing. Put security on DB level. SQL access do not mean unrestricted access.
• Resumable backups and statements - suspend statement instead of rolling back immediately.
• List Partitioning - partitioning on a list of values.
• ETL (eXtract, transformation, load) Operations - with external tables and pipelining.
• OLAP - Express functionality included in the DB.
• Data Mining - Oracle Darwin's features included in the DB.

Oracle 8i (8.1.7)

• Static HTTP server included (Apache)
• JVM Accelerator to improve performance of Java code
• Java Server Pages (JSP) engine
• MemStat - A new utility for analyzing Java Memory footprints
• OIS - Oracle Integration Server introduced.
• PLSQL Gateway introduced for deploying PL/SQL based solutions on the
  Web
• Enterprise Manager Enhancements - including new HTML based reporting and Advanced Replication functionality included.
• New Database Character Set Migration utility included.

Oracle 8i (8.1.6)

• PL/SQL Server Pages (PSP's)
• DBA Studio Introduced
• Statspack
• New SQL Functions (rank, moving average)
• ALTER FREELISTS command (previously done by DROP/CREATE TABLE)
• Checksums always on for SYSTEM tablespace allowing many possible
  corruptions to be fixed before writing to disk
• XML Parser for Java
• New PLSQL encrypt/decrypt package introduced
• User and Schemas separated
• Numerous Performance Enhancements

Oracle 8i (8.1.5)

• Fast Start recovery - Checkpoint rate auto-adjusted to meet roll
  forward criteria
• Reorganize indexes/index only tables which users accessing data -
  Online index rebuilds
• Log Miner introduced - Allows on-line or archived redo logs to be
  viewed via SQL
• OPS Cache Fusion introduced avoiding disk I/O during cross-node
  communication
• Advanced Queueing improvements (security, performance, OO4O support
• User Security Improvements - more centralisation, single enterprise
  user, users/roles across multiple databases.
• Virtual private database
• JAVA stored procedures (Oracle Java VM)
• Oracle iFS
• Resource Management using priorities - resource classes
• Hash and Composite partitioned table types
• SQL*Loader direct load API
• Copy optimizer statistics across databases to ensure same access
  paths across different environments.
• Standby Database - Auto shipping and application of redo logs. Read
  Only queries on standby database allowed.
• Enterprise Manager v2 delivered
• NLS - Euro Symbol supported
• Analyze tables in parallel
• Temporary tables supported.
• Net8 support for SSL, HTTP, HOP protocols
• Transportable tablespaces between databases
• Locally managed tablespaces - automatic sizing of extents,
  elimination of tablespace fragmentation, tablespace information managed in tablespace (i.e moved from data dictionary) improving tablespace reliability
• Drop Column on table (Finally !!!!!)
• DBMS_DEBUG PL/SQL package, DBMS_SQL replaced by new EXECUTE
  IMMEDIATE statement
• Progress Monitor to track long running DML, DDL
• Functional Indexes - NLS, case insensitive, descending

Oracle 8.0 - June 1997

• Object Relational database
• Object Types (not just date, character, number as in v7
• SQL3 standard
• Call external procedures
• LOB >1 per table
• Partitioned Tables and Indexes
• export/import individual partitions
• partitions in multiple tablespaces
• Online/offline, backup/recover individual partitions
• merge/balance partitions
• Advanced Queuing for message handling
• Many performance improvements to SQL/PLSQL/OCI making more efficient use of CPU/Memory. V7 limits extended (e.g. 1000 columns/table, 4000 bytes VARCHAR2)
• Parallel DML statements
• Connection Pooling ( uses the physical connection for idle users and transparently re-establishes the connection when needed) to support more concurrent users.
• Improved "STAR" Query optimizer
• Integrated Distributed Lock Manager in Oracle PS (as opposed to Operating system DLM in v7).
• Performance improvements in OPS - global V$ views introduced across all instances, transparent failover to a new node
• Data Cartridges introduced on database (e.g. image, video, context, time, spatial)
• Backup/Recovery improvements - Tablespace point in time recovery, incremental backups, parallel backup/recovery. Recovery manager introduced
• Security Server introduced for central user administration. User password expiry, password profiles, allow custom password scheme. Privileged database links (no need for password to be stored)
• Fast Refresh for complex snapshots, parallel replication, PL/SQL replication code moved in to Oracle kernel. Replication manager introduced.
• Index Organized tables
• Deferred integrity constraint checking (deferred until end of transaction instead of end of statement).
• SQL*Net replaced by Net8
• Reverse Key indexes
• Any VIEW updateable
• New ROWID format

Oracle 7.3

• Partitioned Views
• Bitmapped Indexes
• Asynchronous read ahead for table scans
• Standby Database
• Deferred transaction recovery on instance startup
• Updatable Join Views (with restrictions)
• SQLDBA no longer shipped.
• Index rebuilds
• db_verify introduced
• Context Option
• Spatial Data Option
• Tablespaces changes - Coalesce, Temporary Permanent,
• Trigger compilation, debug
• Unlimited extents on STORAGE clause.
• Some init.ora parameters modifiable - TIMED_STATISTICS
• HASH Joins, Antijoins
• Histograms
• Dependencies
• Oracle Trace
• Advanced Replication Object Groups
• PL/SQL - UTL_FILE

Oracle 7.2

• Resizable, autoextend data files
• Shrink Rollback Segments manually
• Create table, index UNRECOVERABLE
• Subquery in FROM clause
• PL/SQL wrapper
• PL/SQL Cursor variables
• Checksums - DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM, LOG_BLOCK_CHECKSUM
• Parallel create table
• Job Queues - DBMS_JOB
• DBMS_SPACE
• DBMS Application Info
• Sorting Improvements - SORT_DIRECT_WRITES

Oracle 7.1

• ANSI/ISO SQL92 Entry Level
• Advanced Replication - Symmetric Data replication
• Snapshot Refresh Groups
• Parallel Recovery
• Dynamic SQL - DBMS_SQL
• Parallel Query Options - query, index creation, data loading
• Server Manager introduced
• Read Only tablespaces

Oracle 7.0 - June 1992

• Database Integrity Constraints (primary, foreign keys, check
  constraints, default values)
• Stored procedures and functions, procedure packages
• Database Triggers
• View compilation
• User defined SQL functions
• Role based security
• Multiple Redo members - mirrored online redo log files
• Resource Limits - Profiles
• Much enhanced Auditing
• Enhanced Distributed database functionality - INSERTS,
  UPDATES,DELETES, 2PC
• Incomplete database recovery (e.g SCN)
• Cost based optimiser
• TRUNCATE tables
• Datatype changes (i.e VARCHAR2 CHAR, VARCHAR)
• SQL*Net v2, MTS
• Checkpoint process
• Data replication - Snapshots

Oracle 6.2

• Oracle Parallel Server

Oracle 6 - July 1988

• Row-level locking
• On-line database backups
• PL/SQL in the database

Oracle 5.1

• Distributed queries

Oracle 5.0 - 1986

• Supporting for the Client-Server model - PC's can access the DB on remote host

Oracle 4 - 1984

• Read consistency

Oracle 3 - 1981

• Atomic execution of SQL statements and transactions (COMMIT and ROLLBACK of transactions)
• Nonblocking queries (no more read locks)
• Re-written in the C Programming Language

Oracle 2 - 1979

• First public release
• Basic SQL functionality, queries and joins

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下面拿10gR2里面的Connect Role说事，

Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.3.0 - Production

SQL> select *from ROLE_SYS_PRIVS where role='CONNECT';

ROLE PRIVILEGE ADM
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ---
CONNECT ALTER SESSION NO
CONNECT CREATE CLUSTER NO
CONNECT CREATE DATABASE LINK NO
CONNECT CREATE SEQUENCE NO
CONNECT CREATE SESSION NO
CONNECT CREATE SYNONYM NO
CONNECT CREATE TABLE NO
CONNECT CREATE VIEW NO

8i里面connect角色有8个系统权限，而10gR2里面就只有1个了。

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
06:34:20 SQL> select role,privlege from ROLE_SYS_PRIVS where role='CONNECT';
ROLE PRIVILEGE
------------------------------ ---------------------------
CONNECT CREATE SESSION