python 字符串特点

除了数值，Python可以操作字符串，它可以表现在以下几个方面。包含在单引号或双引号：

>>> 'spam eggs'
'spam eggs'
>>> 'doesn \' t'
"doesn't"
>>> "doesn't"
"doesn't"
>>> '"Yes," he said.'
'"Yes," he said.'
>>> " \" Yes, \" he said."
'"Yes," he said.'
>>> '"Isn \' t," she said.'
'"Isn \' t," she said.'

字符串可以写多行。可以用\n表示，下一行是一个合乎逻辑的延续行,最后一个字符用反斜杠：

hello = "This is a rather long string containing \n\
several lines of text just as you would do in C. \n\
   Note that whitespace at the beginning of the line is \
significant."

print hello

字符串可以被包围在一对三重引号里面：

print """
Usage: thingy [OPTIONS]
    -h                        Display this usage message
    -H hostname               Hostname to connect to
"""

字符串可以被连接在一起，用“+”运算符，重复*：

>>> word = 'Help' + 'A'
>>> word
'HelpA'
>>> '<' + word* 5 + '>'
'<HelpAHelpAHelpAHelpAHelpA>'

两个彼此相邻的字符串文字自动连接：

>>> 'str' 'ing'                   #  <-  This is ok
'string'
>>> 'str'.strip() + 'ing'   #  <-  This is ok
'string'
>>> 'str'.strip() 'ing'     #  <-  This is invalid
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
    'str'.strip() 'ing'
                     ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

注意：word字符串的内容是： “HelpA”  可以是下标（索引）和C一样，字符串的第一个字符下标（索引）0。可以指定的子串切片标志来表示：两个指数由冒号分隔。

>>> word[ 4]
'A'
>>> word[ 0: 2]
'He'
>>> word[ 2: 4]
'lp'

切片索引可以使用默认值;前一个索引默认为零，第二个索引默认被切片的字符串的大小。

>>> word[: 2]     # The first two characters
'He'
>>> word[ 2:]     # Everything except the first two characters
'lpA'

和C字符串不同，Python字符串不能改变。想修改指定索引位置的字符串会导致错误：

>>> word[ 0] = 'x'
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: object doesn 't support item assignment
>>> word[: 1] = 'Splat'
Traceback (most recent call last):
 File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
TypeError: object doesn 't support slice assignment

然而，创建一个新的字符串是简单而有效的：

>>> 'x' + word[ 1:]
'xelpA'
>>> 'Splat' + word[ 4]
'SplatA'

这里是一个有用的切片操作：[：]+[：]等于。

>>> word[: 2] + word[ 2:]
'HelpA'
>>> word[: 3] + word[ 3:]
'HelpA'

指数可以是负数，从右边开始计数。例如：

>>> word[- 1]     # The last character
'A'
>>> word[- 2]     # The last-but-one character
'p'
>>> word[- 2:]     # The last two characters
'pA'
>>> word[:- 2]     # Everything except the last two characters
'Hel'