Java加密算法（十二）——*.PFX(*.p12)&个人信息交换文件

今天来点实际工作中的硬通货！ 
与计费系统打交道，少不了用到加密/解密实现。为了安全起见，通过非对称加密交换对称加密密钥更是不可或缺。那么需要通过什么载体传递非对称算法公钥/私钥信息？数字证书是公钥的载体，而密钥库可以包含公钥、私钥信息。 
JKS和PKCS#12都是比较常用的两种密钥库格式/标准。对于前者，搞Java开发，尤其是接触过HTTPS平台的朋友，并不陌生。JKS文件（通常为*.jks或*.keystore，扩展名无关）可以通过Java原生工具——KeyTool生成；而后者PKCS#12文件（通常为*.p12或*.pfx，意味个人信息交换文件），则是通过更为常用的OpenSSL工具产生。 
当然，这两者之间是可以通过导入/导出的方式进行转换的！当然，这种转换需要通过KeyTool工具进行！ 
回归正题，计费同事遇到一个难题：合作方交给他们一个*.pfx文件，需要他们从中提取密钥，然后进行加密交互。其实，通过Java直接操作密钥库文件（或个人信息交换文件）对于一般Java开发人员来说，这都是个冷门。不接触数字安全，根本不知所云。况且，Java原生的密钥库文件格式为JKS，如何操作*.pfx文件？密钥库操作需要获知密钥库别名，*.pfx别名是什么？！接下来就解决这些问题！ 

方案： 

1. 通过keytool密钥库导入命令importkeystore，将密钥库格式由PKCS#12转换为JKS。
2. 检索新生成的密钥库文件，提取别名信息。
3. 由密钥库文件导出数字证书（这里将用到别名）。
4. 通过代码提取公钥/私钥、签名算法等

先看格式转换： 

Cmd代码

echo 格式转换
keytool -importkeystore -v  -srckeystore zlex.pfx -srcstoretype pkcs12 -srcstorepass 123456 -destkeystore zlex.keystore -deststoretype jks -deststorepass 123456

　　-importkeystore导入密钥库，通过格式设定，我们可以将PKCS#12文件转换为JKS格式。 
-v显示详情 
-srckeystore源密钥库，这里是zlex.pfx 
-srcstoretype源密钥库格式，这里为pkcs12 
-srcstorepass源密钥库密码，这里为123456 
-destkeystore目标密钥库，这里为zlex.keystore 
-deststoretype目标密钥库格式，这里为jks，默认值也如此 
-deststorepass目标密钥库密码，这里为123456 
通过这个操作，我们能够获得所需的密钥库文件zlex.keystore。 
 
这时，我们已经获得了密钥库文件，只要确定对应的别名信息，就可以提取公钥/私钥，以及数字证书，进行加密交互了！

Cmd代码

echo 查看证书
keytool -list -keystore zlex.keystore -storepass 123456 -v

　　-list列举密钥库 
-keystore密钥库，这里是zlex.keystore 
-storepass密钥库密码，这里是123456 
-v显示详情

这里需要细致观察一下别名信息！！！就是红框中的数字1！！！ 


现在，我们把证书导出！ 

Cmd代码

echo 导出证书
keytool -exportcert -alias 1 -keystore zlex.keystore -file zlex.crt -storepass 123456

　　-exportcert导出证书 
-alias别名，这里是1 
-keystore密钥库，这里是zlex.keystore 
-file证书文件，这里是zlex.crt 
-storepass密钥库密码，这里是123456 
 
现在证书也导出了，我们可以提取公钥/私钥，进行加密/解密，签名/验证操作了！当然，即便没有证书，我们也能够通过密钥库（JKS格式）文件获得证书，以及公钥/私钥、签名算法等。 
补充代码， 其实就是对Java加密算法（八）的修改！ 

Java代码

/**
 * 2010-8-11
 */

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateFactory;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Date;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

/**
 * 证书操作类
 * 
 * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class CertificateCoder {
	/**
	 * Java密钥库(Java Key Store，JKS)KEY_STORE
	 */
	public static final String KEY_STORE = "JKS";

	public static final String X509 = "X.509";

	/**
	 * 由 KeyStore获得私钥
	 * 
	 * @param keyStorePath
	 * @param keyStorePassword
	 * @param alias
	 * @param aliasPassword
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String keyStorePath,
			String keyStorePassword, String alias, String aliasPassword)
			throws Exception {
		KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, keyStorePassword);
		PrivateKey key = (PrivateKey) ks.getKey(alias,
				aliasPassword.toCharArray());
		return key;
	}

	/**
	 * 由 Certificate获得公钥
	 * 
	 * @param certificatePath
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static PublicKey getPublicKey(String certificatePath)
			throws Exception {
		Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath);
		PublicKey key = certificate.getPublicKey();
		return key;
	}

	/**
	 * 获得Certificate
	 * 
	 * @param certificatePath
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static Certificate getCertificate(String certificatePath)
			throws Exception {
		CertificateFactory certificateFactory = CertificateFactory
				.getInstance(X509);
		FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(certificatePath);

		Certificate certificate = certificateFactory.generateCertificate(in);
		in.close();

		return certificate;
	}

	/**
	 * 获得Certificate
	 * 
	 * @param keyStorePath
	 * @param keyStorePassword
	 * @param alias
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static Certificate getCertificate(String keyStorePath,
			String keyStorePassword, String alias) throws Exception {
		KeyStore ks = getKeyStore(keyStorePath, keyStorePassword);
		Certificate certificate = ks.getCertificate(alias);

		return certificate;
	}

	/**
	 * 获得KeyStore
	 * 
	 * @param keyStorePath
	 * @param password
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static KeyStore getKeyStore(String keyStorePath, String password)
			throws Exception {
		FileInputStream is = new FileInputStream(keyStorePath);
		KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE);
		ks.load(is, password.toCharArray());
		is.close();
		return ks;
	}

	/**
	 * 私钥加密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param keyStorePath
	 * @param keyStorePassword
	 * @param alias
	 * @param aliasPassword
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath,
			String keyStorePassword, String alias, String aliasPassword)
			throws Exception {
		// 取得私钥
		PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, keyStorePassword,
				alias, aliasPassword);

		// 对数据加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);

	}

	/**
	 * 私钥解密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param keyStorePath
	 * @param alias
	 * @param keyStorePassword
	 * @param aliasPassword
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String keyStorePath,
			String alias, String keyStorePassword, String aliasPassword)
			throws Exception {
		// 取得私钥
		PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, keyStorePassword,
				alias, aliasPassword);

		// 对数据加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(privateKey.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);

	}

	/**
	 * 公钥加密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param certificatePath
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath)
			throws Exception {

		// 取得公钥
		PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath);
		// 对数据加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);

	}

	/**
	 * 公钥解密
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param certificatePath
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String certificatePath)
			throws Exception {
		// 取得公钥
		PublicKey publicKey = getPublicKey(certificatePath);

		// 对数据加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(publicKey.getAlgorithm());
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);

		return cipher.doFinal(data);

	}

	/**
	 * 验证Certificate
	 * 
	 * @param certificatePath
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean verifyCertificate(String certificatePath) {
		return verifyCertificate(new Date(), certificatePath);
	}

	/**
	 * 验证Certificate是否过期或无效
	 * 
	 * @param date
	 * @param certificatePath
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String certificatePath) {
		boolean status = true;
		try {
			// 取得证书
			Certificate certificate = getCertificate(certificatePath);
			// 验证证书是否过期或无效
			status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			status = false;
		}
		return status;
	}

	/**
	 * 验证证书是否过期或无效
	 * 
	 * @param date
	 * @param certificate
	 * @return
	 */
	private static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, Certificate certificate) {
		boolean status = true;
		try {
			X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) certificate;
			x509Certificate.checkValidity(date);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			status = false;
		}
		return status;
	}

	/**
	 * 签名
	 * 
	 * @param keyStorePath
	 * @param alias
	 * @param keyStorePassword
	 * @param aliasPassword
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static byte[] sign(byte[] sign, String keyStorePath, String alias,
			String keyStorePassword, String aliasPassword) throws Exception {
		// 获得证书
		X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(
				keyStorePath, keyStorePassword, alias);

		// 取得私钥
		PrivateKey privateKey = getPrivateKey(keyStorePath, keyStorePassword,
				alias, aliasPassword);

		// 构建签名
		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate
				.getSigAlgName());
		signature.initSign(privateKey);
		signature.update(sign);
		return signature.sign();
	}

	/**
	 * 验证签名
	 * 
	 * @param data
	 * @param sign
	 * @param certificatePath
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static boolean verify(byte[] data, byte[] sign,
			String certificatePath) throws Exception {
		// 获得证书
		X509Certificate x509Certificate = (X509Certificate) getCertificate(certificatePath);
		// 获得公钥
		PublicKey publicKey = x509Certificate.getPublicKey();
		// 构建签名
		Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(x509Certificate
				.getSigAlgName());
		signature.initVerify(publicKey);
		signature.update(data);

		return signature.verify(sign);

	}

	/**
	 * 验证Certificate
	 * 
	 * @param keyStorePath
	 * @param keyStorePassword
	 * @param alias
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean verifyCertificate(Date date, String keyStorePath,
			String keyStorePassword, String alias) {
		boolean status = true;
		try {
			Certificate certificate = getCertificate(keyStorePath,
					keyStorePassword, alias);
			status = verifyCertificate(date, certificate);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			status = false;
		}
		return status;
	}

	/**
	 * 验证Certificate
	 * 
	 * @param keyStorePath
	 * @param keyStorePassword
	 * @param alias
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean verifyCertificate(String keyStorePath,
			String keyStorePassword, String alias) {
		return verifyCertificate(new Date(), keyStorePath, keyStorePassword,
				alias);
	}
}

　　相信上述代码已经帮朋友们解决了相当多的问题！ 
给出测试类： 

Java代码

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * 证书操作验证类
 * 
 * @author <a href="mailto:zlex.dongliang@gmail.com">梁栋</a>
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class CertificateCoderTest {
	private String certificatePath = "zlex.crt";
	private String keyStorePath = "zlex.keystore";
	private String keyStorePassword = "123456";
	private String aliasPassword = "123456";
	private String alias = "1";

	@Test
	public void test() throws Exception {
		System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");
		String inputStr = "Ceritifcate";
		byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();

		byte[] encrypt = CertificateCoder.encryptByPublicKey(data,
				certificatePath);

		byte[] decrypt = CertificateCoder.decryptByPrivateKey(encrypt,
				keyStorePath, alias, keyStorePassword, aliasPassword);
		String outputStr = new String(decrypt);

		System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);

		// 验证数据一致
		assertArrayEquals(data, decrypt);

		// 验证证书有效
		assertTrue(CertificateCoder.verifyCertificate(certificatePath));

	}

	@Test
	public void testSign() throws Exception {
		System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");

		String inputStr = "sign";
		byte[] data = inputStr.getBytes();

		byte[] encodedData = CertificateCoder.encryptByPrivateKey(data,
				keyStorePath, keyStorePassword, alias, aliasPassword);

		byte[] decodedData = CertificateCoder.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData,
				certificatePath);

		String outputStr = new String(decodedData);
		System.err.println("加密前: " + inputStr + "\n\r" + "解密后: " + outputStr);
		assertEquals(inputStr, outputStr);

		System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");
		// 产生签名
		byte[] sign = CertificateCoder.sign(encodedData, keyStorePath, alias,
				keyStorePassword, aliasPassword);
		System.err.println("签名:\r" + Hex.encodeHexString(sign));

		// 验证签名
		boolean status = CertificateCoder.verify(encodedData, sign,
				certificatePath);
		System.err.println("状态:\r" + status);
		assertTrue(status);
	}

	@Test
	public void testVerify() throws Exception {
		System.err.println("密钥库证书有效期验证");
		boolean status = CertificateCoder.verifyCertificate(new Date(),
				keyStorePath, keyStorePassword, alias);
		System.err.println("证书状态:\r" + status);
		assertTrue(status);
	}
}

　　第一个测试方法，用于提取公钥/私钥进行加密/解密操作。 
第二个测试方法，用于提取签名算法进行签名/验证操作。 
第三个测试方法，用于测试密钥库该别名对应的证书，当前日期下，是否有效。 
 


OK，任务完成，密钥成功提取，剩下的都是代码基本功了！

来源于：http://snowolf.iteye.com/blog

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/zengsong-restService/archive/2013/03/26/2982025.html