java.text.MessageFormat类
MessageFormat提供一种语言无关的方式来组装消息,它允许你在运行时刻用指定的参数来替换掉消息字符串中的一部分。你可以为MessageFormat定义一个模式,在其中你可以用占位符来表示变化的部分:
importjava.text.MessageFormat;importjava.util.Date;public classMessageFormatTest {public static voidmain(String[] args) {
Object[] arguments={7,newDate(System.currentTimeMillis()),"a disturbance in the Force"};
String result=MessageFormat.format("At {1,time} on {1,date}, there was {2} on planet {0,number,integer}.",
arguments);
System.out.println(result);//output://At 14:08:27 on 2017-7-7, there was a disturbance in the Force on planet 7.
}
}
占位符的格式为{ ArgumentIndex, FormatType, FormatStyle},详细说明可以参考MessageFormat的API说明文档。这里我们定义了两个占位符,其中的数字对应于传入的参数数组中的索引,{0}占位符被第一个参数替换,{1}占位符被第二个参数替换,依此类推。
@TestvoidmessageFormatTest() {
String msg= MessageFormat.format("{0}1_{1} 2_\"{1}\"", "W0", "W1");
assertThat(msg).isEqualTo("W01_W1 2_\"W1\"");
msg= MessageFormat.format("{0}1_{1} 2_'{1}'", "W0", "W1");
assertThat(msg).isEqualTo("W01_W1 2_{1}");
}
最多可以设置10个占位符,而且每个占位符可以重复出现多次,而且格式可以不同,比如{1,date}和{1,time},{1,number,#.##}。而通过将这些模式定义放到不同的资源文件中,就能够根据不同的locale设置,得到不同的模式定义,并用参数动态替换占位符。
步骤:
1、找出可变的部分,并据此定义模式,将模式放入不同的资源文件中。
2、创建MessageFormat对象,并设置其locale属性。
MessageFormat formatter = new MessageFormat("");
formatter.setLocale(currentLocale);
3、从资源包中得到模式定义,以及设置参数。
messages = ResourceBundle.getBundle(
"i18n.resource.MessagesBundle",currentLocale);
Object[] arguments= {new Long(3), "MyDisk"};;
4、利用模式定义和参数进行格式化。
String result = MessageFormat.format(messages.getString(key), arguments);
http://blog.csdn.net/turkeyzhou/article/details/4487917
注意:
参数为Number类型或Date类型时,会被格式化。数字会转换成科学计数法,譬如 123456,会format成 123,456
java.text.MessageFormat#subformat
/*** Internal routine used by format. If characterIterators
is
* non-null, AttributedCharacterIterator will be created from the
* subformats as necessary. If characterIterators
is null
* and fp
is non-null and identifies
* Field.MESSAGE_ARGUMENT
, the location of
* the first replaced argument will be set in it.
*
*@exceptionIllegalArgumentException if an argument in the
* arguments
array is not of the type
* expected by the format element(s) that use it.*/
privateStringBuffer subformat(Object[] arguments, StringBuffer result,
FieldPosition fp, ListcharacterIterators) {//note: this implementation assumes a fast substring & index.//if this is not true, would be better to append chars one by one.
int lastOffset = 0;int last =result.length();for (int i = 0; i <= maxOffset; ++i) {
result.append(pattern.substring(lastOffset, offsets[i]));
lastOffset=offsets[i];int argumentNumber =argumentNumbers[i];if (arguments == null || argumentNumber >=arguments.length) {
result.append('{').append(argumentNumber).append('}');continue;
}//int argRecursion = ((recursionProtection >> (argumentNumber*2)) & 0x3);
if (false) { //if (argRecursion == 3){//prevent loop!!!
result.append('\uFFFD');
}else{
Object obj=arguments[argumentNumber];
String arg= null;
Format subFormatter= null;if (obj == null) {
arg= "null";
}else if (formats[i] != null) {
subFormatter=formats[i];if (subFormatter instanceofChoiceFormat) {
arg=formats[i].format(obj);if (arg.indexOf('{') >= 0) {
subFormatter= newMessageFormat(arg, locale);
obj=arguments;
arg= null;
}
}
}else if (obj instanceofNumber) {//format number if can
subFormatter =NumberFormat.getInstance(locale);
}else if (obj instanceofDate) {//format a Date if can
subFormatter =DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(
DateFormat.SHORT, DateFormat.SHORT, locale);//fix
} else if (obj instanceofString) {
arg=(String) obj;
}else{
arg=obj.toString();if (arg == null) arg = "null";
}//At this point we are in two states, either subFormatter//is non-null indicating we should format obj using it,//or arg is non-null and we should use it as the value.
if (characterIterators != null) {//If characterIterators is non-null, it indicates we need//to get the CharacterIterator from the child formatter.
if (last !=result.length()) {
characterIterators.add(
createAttributedCharacterIterator(result.substring
(last)));
last=result.length();
}if (subFormatter != null) {
AttributedCharacterIterator subIterator=subFormatter.formatToCharacterIterator(obj);
append(result, subIterator);if (last !=result.length()) {
characterIterators.add(
createAttributedCharacterIterator(
subIterator, Field.ARGUMENT,
Integer.valueOf(argumentNumber)));
last=result.length();
}
arg= null;
}if (arg != null && arg.length() > 0) {
result.append(arg);
characterIterators.add(
createAttributedCharacterIterator(
arg, Field.ARGUMENT,
Integer.valueOf(argumentNumber)));
last=result.length();
}
}else{if (subFormatter != null) {
arg=subFormatter.format(obj);
}
last=result.length();
result.append(arg);if (i == 0 && fp != null &&Field.ARGUMENT.equals(
fp.getFieldAttribute())) {
fp.setBeginIndex(last);
fp.setEndIndex(result.length());
}
last=result.length();
}
}
}
result.append(pattern.substring(lastOffset, pattern.length()));if (characterIterators != null && last !=result.length()) {
characterIterators.add(createAttributedCharacterIterator(
result.substring(last)));
}returnresult;
}
Java里从来少不了字符串拼接的活,Java程序员也肯定用到过StringBuffer,StringBuilder,以及被编译器优化掉的+=。但这些都和下文要谈的无关。
直接使用"+"拼接比较多的字符串,变量一多,可读性就下降,出错的几率就增加,并且难以维护。
需要拼接的变量比较多时,可以使用MessageFormat.format。
示例:
String[] tdArr={...};
String result=MessageFormat.format("
{0}{1}{2}{3}", tdArr);这段代码将把数组tdArr中的四个元素分别插入到{0},{1},{2},{3}的位置。
你看看,是不是这样形式和内容有效的分开了。容易想象,当元素增多时,这种方式优势很明显。
一件事有很多手段来达成,知道那种手段更好,是你经验的体现和专业化的特征。
使用下标来决定拼接的位置,第一个参数的下标为0,pattern中下标的位置是不要求是顺序的
public static voidmain(String[] args) {
String longitude= "1.0";
String latitude= "2.0";
String result= "result";
String geoCode= "geoCode";
String format1= MessageFormat.format("longitude:{0},latitude:{1}, body:{2},reGeoCode:{3}", longitude, latitude, result, geoCode);
System.out.println(format1);
String format2= MessageFormat.format("longitude:{3},latitude:{2}, body:{1},reGeoCode:{0}", longitude, latitude, result, geoCode);
System.out.println(format2);
String format3= MessageFormat.format("longitude:{2},latitude:{3}, body:{0},reGeoCode:{1}", longitude, latitude, result, geoCode);
System.out.println(format3);
}
输出:
longitude:1.0,latitude:2.0, body:result,reGeoCode:geoCode
longitude:geoCode,latitude:result, body:2.0,reGeoCode:1.0
longitude:result,latitude:geoCode, body:1.0,reGeoCode:2.0
java.text.MessageFormat格式化字符串时的小技巧
public static void main(String[] args) throwsInterruptedException {
MessageFormat form= newMessageFormat("{2,date,yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} The disk \"{1}\" contains {0,number,#.##} file(s).{3}");int fileCount = 1273273237;
String diskName= "MyDisk";
Object[] testArgs= {new Long(fileCount), diskName, new Date(),newDate()};
System.out.println(form.format(testArgs));
}
执行结果:2016-05-26 13:41:59.162 The disk "MyDisk" contains 1273273237 file(s).16-5-26 下午1:41
如果缺少ArgumentIndex 则会报错:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: can't parse argument number:
at java.text.MessageFormat.makeFormat(MessageFormat.java:1429)
at java.text.MessageFormat.applyPattern(MessageFormat.java:479)
at java.text.MessageFormat.(MessageFormat.java:362)
at java.text.MessageFormat.format(MessageFormat.java:840)