频繁产生对象造成gc时间过长案例分析

序

本文主要分析一个频繁产生对象造成gc时间过长的case。

症状及分析

gc时间过长，平均gc pause的时间要将近4秒，有13%的gc超过10秒，太可怕了，部分gc日志如下：

[PSYoungGen: 457878K->126656K(489472K)] 1746043K->1453131K(1887744K), 12.1965757 secs] [Times: user=5.59 sys=0.52, real=12.19 secs] 
154415.774: [GC (Allocation Failure) 
Desired survivor size 212860928 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 15)
[PSYoungGen: 376192K->65968K(484864K)] 1702667K->1392499K(1883136K), 0.1665513 secs] [Times: user=0.10 sys=0.00, real=0.17 secs] 
154416.838: [GC (Allocation Failure) 
Desired survivor size 235929600 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 15)
[PSYoungGen: 341424K->196182K(445952K)] 1667955K->1523034K(1844224K), 1.7996294 secs] [Times: user=0.89 sys=0.03, real=1.80 secs] 
154419.456: [GC (Allocation Failure) 
Desired survivor size 225968128 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 15)
[PSYoungGen: 434262K->121776K(468480K)] 1761114K->1486938K(1866752K), 23.0844304 secs] [Times: user=10.75 sys=0.81, real=23.09 secs] 
154442.541: [Full GC (Ergonomics) [PSYoungGen: 121776K->0K(468480K)] [ParOldGen: 1365162K->208108K(1398272K)] 1486938K->208108K(1866752K), [Metaspace: 93615K->93615K(1132544K)], 23.5955214 secs] [Times: user=3.76 sys=5.30, real=23.59 secs] 
154504.670: [GC (Allocation Failure) 
Desired survivor size 217579520 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 15)
[PSYoungGen: 200553K->106368K(486400K)] 408662K->314476K(1884672K), 1.0664613 secs] [Times: user=0.39 sys=0.13, real=1.06 secs] 
154507.542: [GC (Allocation Failure) 
Desired survivor size 218103808 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 15)
[PSYoungGen: 372096K->144182K(478208K)] 580204K->425927K(1876480K), 5.7999561 secs] [Times: user=1.12 sys=1.55, real=5.80 secs] 
154514.037: [GC (Allocation Failure) 
Desired survivor size 213909504 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 15)
[PSYoungGen: 409910K->87920K(489984K)] 691655K->407999K(1888256K), 10.1020217 secs] [Times: user=4.46 sys=0.61, real=10.11 secs] 
154563.240: [GC (Allocation Failure) 
Desired survivor size 213385216 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 15)
[PSYoungGen: 328380K->65952K(485888K)] 648460K->386087K(1884160K), 0.0918412 secs] [Times: user=0.04 sys=0.01, real=0.09 secs] 
154564.037: [GC (Allocation Failure) 
Desired survivor size 219676672 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 15)
[PSYoungGen: 342944K->153558K(478208K)] 663079K->474022K(1876480K), 3.1948641 secs] [Times: user=0.72 sys=0.69, real=3.19 secs] 
154568.135: [GC (Allocation Failure) 
Desired survivor size 212336640 bytes, new threshold 1 (max 15)
[PSYoungGen: 423382K->98528K(484352K)] 743846K->457302K(1882624K), 13.4085860 secs] [Times: user=6.04 sys=0.69, real=13.41 secs] 
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通过jmap dump下内存之后，使用mat分享，查看thread_overview

可以看到ElasticsearchJestHealthIndicator.doHealthCheck持有了很多对象没释放

调试及复现

本地复现

spring-context-4.3.7.RELEASE-sources.jar!/org/springframework/jmx/export/SpringModelMBean.java

	/**
	 * Switches the {@link Thread#getContextClassLoader() context ClassLoader} for the
	 * managed resources {@link ClassLoader} before allowing the invocation to occur.
	 * @see javax.management.modelmbean.ModelMBean#invoke
	 */
	@Override
	public Object invoke(String opName, Object[] opArgs, String[] sig)
			throws MBeanException, ReflectionException {

		ClassLoader currentClassLoader = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
		try {
			Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(this.managedResourceClassLoader);
			return super.invoke(opName, opArgs, sig);
		}
		finally {
			Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(currentClassLoader);
		}
	}
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spring-boot-actuator-1.4.5.RELEASE-sources.jar!/org/springframework/boot/actuate/endpoint/jmx/DataEndpointMBean.java

@ManagedResource
public class DataEndpointMBean extends EndpointMBean {

	/**
	 * Create a new {@link DataEndpointMBean} instance.
	 * @param beanName the bean name
	 * @param endpoint the endpoint to wrap
	 * @param objectMapper the {@link ObjectMapper} used to convert the payload
	 */
	public DataEndpointMBean(String beanName, Endpoint<?> endpoint,
			ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
		super(beanName, endpoint, objectMapper);
	}

	@ManagedAttribute(description = "Invoke the underlying endpoint")
	public Object getData() {
		return convert(getEndpoint().invoke());
	}

}
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系本地idea开启了Enable JMX Agent才可以复现

healthEndpoint

spring-boot-admin-server-1.4.6-sources.jar!/de/codecentric/boot/admin/registry/StatusUpdateApplicationListener.java

	private long updatePeriod = 10_000L;

	public void startStatusUpdate() {
		if (scheduledTask != null && !scheduledTask.isDone()) {
			return;
		}

		scheduledTask = taskScheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				statusUpdater.updateStatusForAllApplications();
			}
		}, updatePeriod);
		LOGGER.debug("Scheduled status-updater task for every {}ms", updatePeriod);

	}
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spring-boot-admin-server-1.4.6-sources.jar!/de/codecentric/boot/admin/registry/StatusUpdater.java

	public void updateStatusForAllApplications() {
		long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
		for (Application application : store.findAll()) {
			if (now - statusLifetime > application.getStatusInfo().getTimestamp()) {
				updateStatus(application);
			}
		}
	}

	public void updateStatus(Application application) {
		StatusInfo oldStatus = application.getStatusInfo();
		StatusInfo newStatus = queryStatus(application);

		Application newState = Application.create(application).withStatusInfo(newStatus).build();
		store.save(newState);

		if (!newStatus.equals(oldStatus)) {
			publisher.publishEvent(
					new ClientApplicationStatusChangedEvent(newState, oldStatus, newStatus));
		}
	}

	protected StatusInfo queryStatus(Application application) {
		LOGGER.trace("Updating status for {}", application);

		try {
			@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
			ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(
					application.getHealthUrl(), (Class<Map<String, Object>>) (Class<?>) Map.class);
			LOGGER.debug("/health for {} responded with {}", application, response);

			if (response.hasBody() && response.getBody().get("status") instanceof String) {
				return StatusInfo.valueOf((String) response.getBody().get("status"));
			} else if (response.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()) {
				return StatusInfo.ofUp();
			} else {
				return StatusInfo.ofDown();
			}

		} catch (Exception ex) {
			if ("OFFLINE".equals(application.getStatusInfo().getStatus())) {
				LOGGER.debug("Couldn't retrieve status for {}", application, ex);
			} else {
				LOGGER.warn("Couldn't retrieve status for {}", application, ex);
			}
			return StatusInfo.ofOffline();
		}
	}
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可以看到这个admin-server注册了个定时任务，定时调用/health

问题分析

ElasticsearchHealthIndicatorConfiguration

spring-boot-actuator-1.4.5.RELEASE-sources.jar!/org/springframework/boot/actuate/autoconfigure/ElasticsearchHealthIndicatorConfiguration.java

class ElasticsearchHealthIndicatorConfiguration {

	@Configuration
	@ConditionalOnBean(Client.class)
	@ConditionalOnEnabledHealthIndicator("elasticsearch")
	@EnableConfigurationProperties(ElasticsearchHealthIndicatorProperties.class)
	static class ElasticsearchClientHealthIndicatorConfiguration extends
			CompositeHealthIndicatorConfiguration<ElasticsearchHealthIndicator, Client> {

		private final Map<String, Client> clients;

		private final ElasticsearchHealthIndicatorProperties properties;

		ElasticsearchClientHealthIndicatorConfiguration(Map<String, Client> clients,
				ElasticsearchHealthIndicatorProperties properties) {
			this.clients = clients;
			this.properties = properties;
		}

		@Bean
		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "elasticsearchHealthIndicator")
		public HealthIndicator elasticsearchHealthIndicator() {
			return createHealthIndicator(this.clients);
		}

		@Override
		protected ElasticsearchHealthIndicator createHealthIndicator(Client client) {
			return new ElasticsearchHealthIndicator(client, this.properties);
		}

	}

	@Configuration
	@ConditionalOnBean(JestClient.class)
	@ConditionalOnEnabledHealthIndicator("elasticsearch")
	static class ElasticsearchJestHealthIndicatorConfiguration extends
			CompositeHealthIndicatorConfiguration<ElasticsearchJestHealthIndicator, JestClient> {

		private final Map<String, JestClient> clients;

		ElasticsearchJestHealthIndicatorConfiguration(Map<String, JestClient> clients) {
			this.clients = clients;
		}

		@Bean
		@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "elasticsearchHealthIndicator")
		public HealthIndicator elasticsearchHealthIndicator() {
			return createHealthIndicator(this.clients);
		}

		@Override
		protected ElasticsearchJestHealthIndicator createHealthIndicator(
				JestClient client) {
			return new ElasticsearchJestHealthIndicator(client);
		}

	}

}
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ElasticsearchHealthIndicator

spring-boot-actuator-1.4.5.RELEASE-sources.jar!/org/springframework/boot/actuate/health/ElasticsearchHealthIndicator.java

	@Override
	protected void doHealthCheck(Health.Builder builder) throws Exception {
		List<String> indices = this.properties.getIndices();
		ClusterHealthResponse response = this.client.admin().cluster()
				.health(Requests.clusterHealthRequest(indices.isEmpty() ? allIndices
						: indices.toArray(new String[indices.size()])))
				.actionGet(this.properties.getResponseTimeout());

		switch (response.getStatus()) {
		case GREEN:
		case YELLOW:
			builder.up();
			break;
		case RED:
		default:
			builder.down();
			break;
		}
		builder.withDetail("clusterName", response.getClusterName());
		builder.withDetail("numberOfNodes", response.getNumberOfNodes());
		builder.withDetail("numberOfDataNodes", response.getNumberOfDataNodes());
		builder.withDetail("activePrimaryShards", response.getActivePrimaryShards());
		builder.withDetail("activeShards", response.getActiveShards());
		builder.withDetail("relocatingShards", response.getRelocatingShards());
		builder.withDetail("initializingShards", response.getInitializingShards());
		builder.withDetail("unassignedShards", response.getUnassignedShards());
	}
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spring-boot-actuator-1.4.5.RELEASE-sources.jar!/org/springframework/boot/actuate/health/ElasticsearchHealthIndicatorProperties.java

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "management.health.elasticsearch", ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class ElasticsearchHealthIndicatorProperties {

	/**
	 * Comma-separated index names.
	 */
	private List<String> indices = new ArrayList<String>();

	/**
	 * Time, in milliseconds, to wait for a response from the cluster.
	 */
	private long responseTimeout = 100L;

	//......

}
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如果有指定indices，则会查询他们的健康情况，比如/index1,index2/_stats，如果没有则查询所有的indices，这个就是个潜在的坑。

ElasticsearchJestHealthIndicator

spring-boot-actuator-1.4.5.RELEASE-sources.jar!/org/springframework/boot/actuate/health/ElasticsearchJestHealthIndicator.java

	@Override
	protected void doHealthCheck(Health.Builder builder) throws Exception {
		JestResult aliases = this.jestClient.execute(new Stats.Builder().build());
		JsonElement root = this.jsonParser.parse(aliases.getJsonString());
		JsonObject shards = root.getAsJsonObject().get("_shards").getAsJsonObject();
		int failedShards = shards.get("failed").getAsInt();
		if (failedShards != 0) {
			builder.outOfService();
		}
		else {
			builder.up();
		}
	}
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jest最后发出的http请求是/_all/_stats，这个就是问题所在，查询所有_all的统计数据，对于一个大的elasticsearch平台来说，返回的数据是巨大的，将近5000条数据，返回的json纯文件都要20多M，这个再加上定时任务/health查询，导致新生对象不断产生，ygc非常频繁，造成内存泄露的现象。

小结

定时监控应用health是个好东东，但是得注意频率，另外还得关注具体实现，像elasticsearch的这个稍不注意就被坑了，相当于定时产生一定量的垃圾，频率超过垃圾回收的速度，类似内存泄露，给应用gc带来很大的负担。

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