Oracle Minus关键字

　　SQL中的MINUS关键字
SQL中有一个MINUS关键字，它运用在两个SQL语句上，它先找出第一条SQL语句所产生的结果，然后看这些结果有没有在第二个SQL语句的结果中。如果有的话，那这一笔记录就被去除，而不会在最后的结果中出现。如果第二个SQL语句所产生的结果并没有存在于第一个SQL语句所产生的结果内，那这笔资料就被抛弃，其语法如下：
[SQL Segment 1]
MINUS
[SQL Segment 2]
--------------------------------------------
//创建表1
create table test1
(
 name varchar(10),
 sex varchar(10),
);

insert into test1 values('test','female');
insert into test1 values('test1','female');
insert into test1 values('test1','female');
insert into test1 values('test11','female');
insert into test1 values('test111','female');

//创建表2
create table test2
(
 name varchar(10),
 sex varchar(10),
);
insert into test1 values('test','female');
insert into test1 values('test2','female');
insert into test1 values('test2','female');
insert into test1 values('test22','female');
insert into test1 values('test222','female');
-------------------------------------------

select * from test1 minus select * from test2;

结果：

NAME       SEX            
---------- ---------- 
test1      female             
test11     female  
test111    female 
-----------------------------------------------------------

select * from test2 minus select * from test1;

结果:

NAME       SEX            
---------- ---------- 
test2      female             
test22     female  
test222    female

结论：Minus返回的总是左边表中的数据，它返回的是差集。注意：minus有剃重作用

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下面是我做的实验，很明显能够看出MINUS的效率，made_order共23万笔记录，charge_detail共17万笔记录

性能比较:
SELECT order_id FROM made_order
MINUS
SELECT order_id FROM charge_detail
1.14 sec

SELECT a.order_id FROM made_order a
WHERE NOT exists (
SELECT order_id
FROM charge_detail
WHERE order_id = a.order_id
)
18.19 sec

SELECT order_id FROM made_order
WHERE order_id NOT in (
SELECT order_id
FROM charge_detail
)
20.05 sec

还有其它一下关键字：
INTERSECT (交集)
UNION ALL 并集