Linux 原子操作CAS与锁实现

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于 2024-09-03 04:27:13 发布

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文章标签： linux 算法运维服务器

1、互斥锁（mutex）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define __USE_GNU

#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>

#define THREAD_COUNT 30

pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_spinlock_t spinlock;

void*callback(void* data){
int* pdata =(int*)data;
for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){
#if 1
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
(*pdata)++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
#else
    pthread_spin_lock(&spinlock);
(*pdata)++;
    pthread_spin_unlock(&spinlock);
#endif
}
returnNULL;
}

intmain()
{
    pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
    pthread_spin_init(&spinlock,PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
pthread_t tid[THREAD_COUNT]={0};
int ptcount =0;
for(int i=0;i<THREAD_COUNT;i++){
        pthread_create(&tid[i],NULL,callback,(void*)&ptcount);
}

for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
printf("ptcount:%d\n",ptcount);
        sleep(1);
}
return0;
}

2、自旋锁（spinlock）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define __USE_GNU

#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>

#define THREAD_COUNT 30

pthread_mutex_t mutex;
pthread_spinlock_t spinlock;

void*callback(void* data){
int* pdata =(int*)data;
for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){
#if 0
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
(*pdata)++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
#else
    pthread_spin_lock(&spinlock);
(*pdata)++;
    pthread_spin_unlock(&spinlock);
#endif
}
returnNULL;
}

intmain()
{
    pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
    pthread_spin_init(&spinlock,PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
pthread_t tid[THREAD_COUNT]={0};
int ptcount =0;
for(int i=0;i<THREAD_COUNT;i++){
        pthread_create(&tid[i],NULL,callback,(void*)&ptcount);
}

for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
printf("ptcount:%d\n",ptcount);
        sleep(1);
}
return0;
}

3、原子操作

int inc(int *value, int add){

int old;
    __asm__ volatile(
        "lock; xaddl %2, %1;"
:"=a"(old)
:"m"(*value),"a"(add)
:"cc","memory"
    );
return old;

}

void*callback(void *data){
int* pdata =(int*)data;
for(int i=0;i<100000;i++){
        inc(pdata,1);
#if 0
        pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
(*pdata)++;
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
#elif 0
    pthread_spin_lock(&spinlock);
(*pdata)++;
    pthread_spin_unlock(&spinlock);
#endif
}
returnNULL;
}

4、线程私有空间（pthread_key）

1、pthread_key_create() 用来创建线程私有数据。该函数从 TSD 池中分配一项，将其地址值赋给 key 供以后访问使用，第2个参数，是指定销毁函数，可以设置为NULL，设置为NULL的情况下，系统使用默认的销毁函数对数据进行销毁，不为空的时候，当线程退出时（pthread_exit()），将key对应的数据调出来，去释放。 2、不论哪个线程调用了 pthread_key_create()，所创建的 key 都是所有线程可以访问的，但各个线程可以根据自己的需要往 key 中填入不同的值，相当于提供了一个同名而不同值的全局变量(这个全局变量相对于拥有这个变量的线程来说)。 3、注销一个 TSD 使用 pthread_key_delete() 函数。该函数并不检查当前是否有线程正在使用该 TSD，也不会调用清理函数(destructor function)，而只是将 TSD 释放以供下一次调用 pthread_key_create() 使用。在 LinuxThread 中，它还会将与之相关的线程数据项设置为 NULL。

key被创建之后，因为是全局变量，所以所有的线程都可以访问。各个线程可以根据需求往key中，填入不同的值，这就相当于提供了一个同名而值不同的全局变量，即一键多值。一键多值依靠的一个结构体数组，即

static struct pthread_key_struct pthread_keys[PTHREAD_KEYS_MAX] ={{0,NULL}};

// 定义
struct pthread_key_struct
{
/* Sequence numbers.  Even numbers indicated vacant entries.  Note
     that zero is even.  We use uintptr_t to not require padding on
     32- and 64-bit machines.  On 64-bit machines it helps to avoid
     wrapping, too.  */
uintptr_t seq;

/* Destructor for the data.  */
void(*destr)(void*);
};

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define __USE_GNU

#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>

#define THREAD_COUNT 3
pthread_key_t key;

typedefvoid*(*thread_cb)(void*);

void*func1(void *data){
int i =9;
    pthread_setspecific(key,&i);

int*p = pthread_getspecific(key);
printf("p=%d\n",*p);
returnNULL;
}

void*func2(void *data){
char*str ="hello world";
    pthread_setspecific(key,str);

char*ptr = pthread_getspecific(key);
printf("ptr=%s\n",ptr);
returnNULL;
}

struct pair {
int x;
int y;
};

void*func3(void *data){
struct pair p1 ={1,2};
    pthread_setspecific(key,&p1);

struct pair *p =(structpair*)pthread_getspecific(key);
printf("pair x=%d,y=%d\n",p->x,p->y);
returnNULL;
}



intmain()
{
    thread_cb callback_cb[THREAD_COUNT]={
        func1,
        func2,
        func3
};
    pthread_key_create(&key,NULL);

pthread_t tid[THREAD_COUNT]={0};
int count =0;
for(int i=0;i<THREAD_COUNT;i++){
        pthread_create(&tid[i],NULL,callback_cb[i],&count);
}

for(int i=0;i<THREAD_COUNT;i++){
        pthread_join(tid[i],NULL);
}
    pthread_key_delete  ( key );
return0;
}

5、共享内存待续

6、cpu的亲缘性（affinity）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define __USE_GNU

#include <sched.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <setjmp.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#define THREAD_COUNT 3

voidprocess_affinity(int num){
//gettid();
pid_t selfid = syscall(__NR_gettid);
printf("pid=%d\n",selfid);
cpu_set_t mask;
    CPU_ZERO(&mask);
// cpu编号从0开始
    CPU_SET(num,&mask);

// 也可以填入selfid
    sched_setaffinity(0,sizeof(mask),&mask);

while(1);
}

intmain()
{
int num = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_CONF);
int i =0;
pid_t pid =0;
for(int i=0;i<num/2;i++){
        pid = fork();
if(pid<0)
break;
}
if(pid ==0){
printf("main pid=%d\n",pid);
        process_affinity(num);
}

while(1) usleep(1);
return0;
}

7、setjmp/longjmp

int setjmp(jmp_buf env); 调用setjmp将堆栈上下文保存在jmp_buf结构体中(入栈),供longjmp稍后使用（出栈）。如果直接调用返回0，如果使用保存的上下文从longjmp返回，则返回保存值非零。 void longjmp(jmp_buf env, int val); 调用longjmp程序跳转到最后一次使用相应env参数调用setjmp处，调用longjmp后setjmp不能返回0，如果longjmp第二个参数设置0，则将返回1

#include <setjmp.h>
#include <stdio.h>

intmain(int argc, char *argv[]){

int idx =0;
        jmp_buf env;
int count =0;


        count = setjmp(env);
if(count ==0){
printf("count:%d\n", count);
                longjmp(env,++idx);
}elseif(count ==1){
printf("count:%d\n", count);
                longjmp(env,++idx);
}elseif(count ==2){
printf("count:%d\n", count);
                longjmp(env,++idx);
}else{
printf("other count:%d\n",count);
}

return0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <stdarg.h>

#include <pthread.h>
#include <setjmp.h>



#define ntyThreadData  pthread_key_t
#define ntyThreadDataSet(key, value) pthread_setspecific((key), (value))
#define ntyThreadDataGet(key)  pthread_getspecific((key))
#define ntyThreadDataCreate(key) pthread_key_create(&(key), NULL)


#define EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH  512

typedefstruct _ntyException {
constchar*name;
} ntyException;

ntyException SQLException={"SQLException"};
ntyException TimeoutException={"TimeoutException"};

ntyThreadData ExceptionStack;


typedefstruct _ntyExceptionFrame {
    jmp_buf env;

int line;
constchar*func;
constchar*file;

    ntyException *exception;
struct _ntyExceptionFrame *prev;

char message[EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH+1];

} ntyExceptionFrame;

#define ntyExceptionPopStack \
    ntyThreadDataSet(ExceptionStack, ((ntyExceptionFrame*)ntyThreadDataGet(ExceptionStack))->prev)

#define ReThrow     ntyExceptionThrow(frame.exception, frame.func, frame.file, frame.line, NULL)
#define Throw(e, cause, ...)  ntyExceptionThrow(&(e), __func__, __FILE__, __LINE__, cause, ##__VA_ARGS__, NULL)


enum {
ExceptionEntered=0,
ExceptionThrown,
ExceptionHandled,
ExceptionFinalized
};


#define Trydo{       \
volatileintException_flag; \
            ntyExceptionFrame frame;  \
            frame.message[0]=0;   \
            frame.prev =(ntyExceptionFrame*)ntyThreadDataGet(ExceptionStack); \
            ntyThreadDataSet(ExceptionStack,&frame); \
Exception_flag= setjmp(frame.env);   \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered){ 


#define Catch(e) \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered) ntyExceptionPopStack; \
}elseif(frame.exception ==&(e)){ \
Exception_flag=ExceptionHandled;


#define Finally \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered) ntyExceptionPopStack; \
}{ \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered) \
Exception_flag=ExceptionFinalized; 

#define EndTry \
if(Exception_flag==ExceptionEntered) ntyExceptionPopStack; \
}if(Exception_flag==ExceptionThrown)ReThrow; \
}while(0) 


staticpthread_once_t once_control = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;

staticvoidinit_once(void){
    ntyThreadDataCreate(ExceptionStack);
}


voidntyExceptionInit(void){
    pthread_once(&once_control, init_once);
}


voidntyExceptionThrow(ntyException *excep, const char *func, const char *file, int line, const char *cause, ...){

    va_list ap;
    ntyExceptionFrame *frame =(ntyExceptionFrame*)ntyThreadDataGet(ExceptionStack);

if(frame){

        frame->exception = excep;
        frame->func = func;
        frame->file = file;
        frame->line = line;

if(cause){
            va_start(ap, cause);
            vsnprintf(frame->message, EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH, cause, ap);
            va_end(ap);
}

        ntyExceptionPopStack;

        longjmp(frame->env,ExceptionThrown);

}elseif(cause){

char message[EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH+1];

        va_start(ap, cause);
        vsnprintf(message, EXCEPTIN_MESSAGE_LENGTH, cause, ap);
        va_end(ap);

printf("%s: %s\n raised in %s at %s:%d\n", excep->name, message, func ? func :"?", file ? file :"?", line);

}else{

printf("%s: %p\n raised in %s at %s:%d\n", excep->name, excep, func ? func :"?", file ? file :"?", line);

}

}


/* ** **** ******** **************** debug **************** ******** **** ** */

ntyException A ={"AException"};
ntyException B ={"BException"};
ntyException C ={"CException"};
ntyException D ={"DException"};

void*thread(void *args){

pthread_t selfid = pthread_self();

Try{

Throw(A,"A");

}Catch(A){

printf("catch A : %ld\n", selfid);

}EndTry;

Try{

Throw(B,"B");

}Catch(B){

printf("catch B : %ld\n", selfid);

}EndTry;

Try{

Throw(C,"C");

}Catch(C){

printf("catch C : %ld\n", selfid);

}EndTry;

Try{

Throw(D,"D");

}Catch(D){

printf("catch D : %ld\n", selfid);

}EndTry;

Try{

Throw(A,"A Again");
Throw(B,"B Again");
Throw(C,"C Again");
Throw(D,"D Again");

}Catch(A){

printf("catch A again : %ld\n", selfid);

}Catch(B){

printf("catch B again : %ld\n", selfid);

}Catch(C){

printf("catch C again : %ld\n", selfid);

}Catch(D){

printf("catch B again : %ld\n", selfid);

}EndTry;

}


#define THREADS  50

intmain(void){

    ntyExceptionInit();

Throw(D,NULL);

Throw(C,"null C");

printf("\n\n=> Test1: Try-Catch\n");

Try{

Try{
Throw(B,"recall B");
}Catch(B){
printf("recall B \n");
}EndTry;

Throw(A,NULL);

}Catch(A){

printf("\tResult: Ok\n");

}EndTry;

printf("=> Test1: Ok\n\n");

printf("=> Test2: Test Thread-safeness\n");
#if 1
int i =0;
pthread_t threads[THREADS];

for(i =0;i < THREADS;i ++){
        pthread_create(&threads[i],NULL, thread,NULL);
}

for(i =0;i < THREADS;i ++){
        pthread_join(threads[i],NULL);
}
#endif
printf("=> Test2: Ok\n\n");

}