网络校时协议（NTP）的实现

时间服务器可以利用以下三种方式与其他服务器对时：

broadcast/multicast

client/server

symmetric

broadcast/multicast方式主要适用于局域网的环境，时间服务器周期性的以广播的方式，将时间信息传送给其他网路中的时间服务器，其时间仅会有少许的延迟，而且配置非常的简单。但是此方式的精确度并不高，对时间精确度要求不是很高的情况下可以采用。

symmetric的方式得一台服务器可以从远端时间服务器获取时钟，如果需要也可提供时间信息给远端的时间服务器。此一方式适用于配置冗余的时间服务器，可以提供更高的精确度给主机。

client/server方式与symmetric方式比较相似，只是不提供给其他时间服务器时间信息，此方式适用于一台时间服务器接收上层时间服务器的时间信息，并提供时间信息给下层的用户。

下面我们使用C/S模式来配置时间服务器

R1---S1/1------S1/0-----R2

R1:

Enable

config t

int s1/1

ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

exit

exit

ntp master 1

clock set 11:11:22 28 feb 2025 定义时间服务器配置

R2:

Enable

Config t

Int s1/0

Ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

No shutdown

exit

ntp server 192.168.1.1

测试：

R1:

R1#show ntp status

Clock is synchronized, stratum 1, reference is .LOCL.

nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 250.0000 Hz, precision is 2**18

reference time is EB6C1875.916CE199 (11:11:49.568 UTC Fri Feb 28 2025)

clock offset is 0.0000 msec, root delay is 0.00 msec

root dispersion is 1875.02 msec, peer dispersion is 1875.02 msec

R1#show ntp ass

R1#show ntp associations

address ref clock st when poll reach delay offset disp

*~127.127.7.1 .LOCL. 0 0 64 37 0.0 0.00 875.0

* master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured

R1#show ntp ass

R1#show ntp associations

address ref clock st when poll reach delay offset disp

*~127.127.7.1 .LOCL. 0 33 64 377 0.0 0.00 0.0

* master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured

R1#

R2:测试

R2#show ntp status

Clock is unsynchronized, stratum 16, no reference clock

nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 250.0000 Hz, precision is 2**18

reference time is CF2BD783.0E5FFAC2 (16:02:11.056 UTC Sun Feb 21 2010) 自己的时间

clock offset is 473972983432.2668 msec, root delay is 24.12 msec

root dispersion is 16647307.31 msec, peer dispersion is 16000.00 msec

R2#show ntp status

Clock is synchronized, stratum 2, reference is 192.168.1.1

nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 250.0000 Hz, precision is 2**18

reference time is EB6C187E.7B036C35 (11:11:58.480 UTC Fri Feb 28 2025) 同步服务器时间

clock offset is -24.0640 msec, root delay is 8.13 msec

root dispersion is 1907.76 msec, peer dispersion is 1883.65 msec

R2#show ntp status

Clock is synchronized, stratum 2, reference is 192.168.1.1

nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 250.0000 Hz, precision is 2**18

reference time is EB6C187F.7B031A89 (11:11:59.480 UTC Fri Feb 28 2025)

clock offset is -24.0640 msec, root delay is 8.13 msec

root dispersion is 910.51 msec, peer dispersion is 886.40 msec

R2#show ntp associations 显示NTP关联

address ref clock st when poll reach delay offset disp

*~192.168.1.1 .LOCL. 1 35 64 377 8.1 -68.09 6.3

* master (synced), # master (unsynced), + selected, - candidate, ~ configured

R2#

认证功能;

R1---S1/1------S1/0-----R2

R1:

Enable

config t

int s1/1

ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

no shutdown

exit

exit

ntp master 1

clock set 11:11:22 28 feb 2025

ntp authenticate

ntp authentication-key 1 md5 cisco

ntp trusted-key 1

R2:

Enable

Config t

Int s1/0

Ip add 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

No shutdown

exit

ntp server 192.168.1.1

---------------------这个时候时间不同步。

clock set 11:11:22 28 feb 2025 R1---重新设置时间

R2上：

R2#show clock

11:14:04.032 UTC Fri Feb 28 2025

R2#show ntp status

Clock is synchronized, stratum 2, reference is 192.168.1.1

nominal freq is 250.0000 Hz, actual freq is 250.0003 Hz, precision is 2**18

reference time is EB6C18C9.774FEF65 (11:13:13.466 UTC Fri Feb 28 2025)

clock offset is -68.0938 msec, root delay is 8.13 msec

root dispersion is 110.03 msec, peer dispersion is 41.90 msec

然后在R2上做认证：

ntp authenticate

ntp authentication-key 1 md5 cisco

ntp trusted-key 1

再次测试：

R1#show clock

11:11:44.983 UTC Fri Feb 28 2025

R2#show clock

11:14:26.918 UTC Fri Feb 28 2025 时间服务器已经同步。（R1服务器，R2客户机）