对namenode启动时的相关操作及相关类有一个大体了解，后续深入研究时，再对本文进行补充
>实现类
HDFS启动脚本为$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh，查看start-dfs.sh可以看出，namenode是通过bin/hdfs命令来启动
$ vi start-dfs.sh # namenodes NAMENODES=$($HADOOP_PREFIX/bin/hdfs getconf -namenodes) echo "Starting namenodes on [$NAMENODES]" "$HADOOP_PREFIX/sbin/hadoop-daemons.sh" \ --config "$HADOOP_CONF_DIR" \ --hostnames "$NAMENODES" \ --script "$bin/hdfs" start namenode $nameStartOpt #---------------------------------------------------------
查看$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hdfs，可以找到namenode启动所调用的java类。
$ vi bin/hdfs: if [ "$COMMAND" = "namenode" ] ; then CLASS='org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode' HADOOP_OPTS="$HADOOP_OPTS $HADOOP_NAMENODE_OPTS"
>源码查看
按照前文hadoop2.5.2学习及实践笔记（二）—— 编译源代码及导入源码至eclipse步骤，源码已经导入到eclipse中，快捷键ctrl+shift+R搜索并打开NameNode.java查看源码
NameNode类中有一个静态代码块，表示在加载器加载NameNode类过程中的准备阶段，就会执行代码块中的代码。HdfsConfiguration的init()方法的方法体是空的，这里的作用是触发对HdfsConfiguration的主动调用，从而保证在执行NameNode类相关调用时，如果HdfsConfiguration类没有被加载和初始化，先触发HdfsConfiguration的初始化过程。
//org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.java static{ //HdfsConfiguration类init()方法：public static void init() {} HdfsConfiguration.init(); }
查看其main方法，可以看出namenode相关操作的主要入口方法是createNameNode(String argv[], Configuration conf)方法。
//org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.java public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception { if (DFSUtil.parseHelpArgument(argv, NameNode.USAGE, System.out, true)) { System.exit(0); } try { //打印namenode启动或关闭日志信息 StringUtils.startupShutdownMessage(NameNode.class, argv, LOG); //namenode相关主要操作 NameNode namenode = createNameNode(argv, null); if (namenode != null) { //向客户端和datanode提供RPC服务，直到RPC服务器结束运行 namenode.join(); } } catch (Throwable e) { LOG.fatal("Exception in namenode join", e); terminate(1, e); } }
createNameNode方法中通过一个switch语句对不同的命令执行不同的操作。比如搭建环境时格式化文件系统时的操作，可以查看FORMAT分支。
//org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.java public static NameNode createNameNode(String argv[], Configuration conf) throws IOException { LOG.info("createNameNode " + Arrays.asList(argv)); if (conf == null) conf = new HdfsConfiguration(); //参数为空时默认： -regular StartupOption startOpt = parseArguments(argv); if (startOpt == null) { printUsage(System.err); return null; } setStartupOption(conf, startOpt); switch (startOpt) { case FORMAT: {//格式化文件系统，伪分布式环境搭建时调用过namenode -format命令 boolean aborted = format(conf, startOpt.getForceFormat(), startOpt.getInteractiveFormat()); terminate(aborted ? 1 : 0); return null; // avoid javac warning } case GENCLUSTERID: { System.err.println("Generating new cluster id:"); System.out.println(NNStorage.newClusterID()); terminate(0); return null; } case FINALIZE: { System.err.println("Use of the argument '" + StartupOption.FINALIZE + "' is no longer supported. To finalize an upgrade, start the NN " + " and then run `hdfs dfsadmin -finalizeUpgrade'"); terminate(1); return null; // avoid javac warning } case ROLLBACK: { boolean aborted = doRollback(conf, true); terminate(aborted ? 1 : 0); return null; // avoid warning } case BOOTSTRAPSTANDBY: { String toolArgs[] = Arrays.copyOfRange(argv, 1, argv.length); int rc = BootstrapStandby.run(toolArgs, conf); terminate(rc); return null; // avoid warning } case INITIALIZESHAREDEDITS: { boolean aborted = initializeSharedEdits(conf, startOpt.getForceFormat(), startOpt.getInteractiveFormat()); terminate(aborted ? 1 : 0); return null; // avoid warning } case BACKUP: case CHECKPOINT: {//backupnode和checkpointnode启动 NamenodeRole role = startOpt.toNodeRole(); DefaultMetricsSystem.initialize(role.toString().replace(" ", "")); //backupnode继承NameNode类，代码最终执行的还是NameNode的构造方法 return new BackupNode(conf, role); } case RECOVER: { NameNode.doRecovery(startOpt, conf); return null; } case METADATAVERSION: { printMetadataVersion(conf); terminate(0); return null; // avoid javac warning } default: { DefaultMetricsSystem.initialize("NameNode"); //启动时startOpt=“-regular”，代码执行default分支，通过构造函数返回一个namenode实例 return new NameNode(conf); } } }
namenode的构造方法
//org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.java public NameNode(Configuration conf) throws IOException { this(conf, NamenodeRole.NAMENODE); } protected NameNode(Configuration conf, NamenodeRole role) throws IOException { this.conf = conf; this.role = role; //获取fs.defaultFS，设置namenode地址 setClientNamenodeAddress(conf); String nsId = getNameServiceId(conf); String namenodeId = HAUtil.getNameNodeId(conf, nsId); //是否启用HA this.haEnabled = HAUtil.isHAEnabled(conf, nsId); //HA状态：启用/备用 state = createHAState(getStartupOption(conf)); //读取dfs.ha.allow.stale.reads，设置namenode在备用状态时是否允许读操作,默认为false this.allowStaleStandbyReads = HAUtil.shouldAllowStandbyReads(conf); this.haContext = createHAContext(); try { //联邦环境下，使用该方法配置一系列使用一个逻辑上的nsId组合在一起的namenode initializeGenericKeys(conf, nsId, namenodeId); //namenode初始化 initialize(conf); try { haContext.writeLock(); state.prepareToEnterState(haContext); //namenode进入相应状态：active state/backup state/standby state state.enterState(haContext); } finally { haContext.writeUnlock(); } } catch (IOException e) { this.stop(); throw e; } catch (HadoopIllegalArgumentException e) { this.stop(); throw e; } }
namenode初始化方法代码
//org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.java protected void initialize(Configuration conf) throws IOException { if (conf.get(HADOOP_USER_GROUP_METRICS_PERCENTILES_INTERVALS) == null) { String intervals = conf.get(DFS_METRICS_PERCENTILES_INTERVALS_KEY); if (intervals != null) { conf.set(HADOOP_USER_GROUP_METRICS_PERCENTILES_INTERVALS, intervals); } } //设置权限，根据hadoop.security.authentication获取认证方式及规则 UserGroupInformation.setConfiguration(conf); //登录：如果认证方式为simple则退出该方法 //否则调用UserGroupInformation.loginUserFromKeytab进行登陆，登陆使用dfs.namenode.kerberos.principal作为用户名 loginAsNameNodeUser(conf); //初始化度量系统，用于度量namenode服务状态 NameNode.initMetrics(conf, this.getRole()); StartupProgressMetrics.register(startupProgress); if (NamenodeRole.NAMENODE == role) { //启动http服务器 startHttpServer(conf); } //根据命令对命名空间进行操作，如：前文所述启动时加载本地命名空间镜像和应用编辑日志，在内存中建立命名空间的映像 loadNamesystem(conf); //创建RPC服务器 rpcServer = createRpcServer(conf); if (clientNamenodeAddress == null) { // This is expected for MiniDFSCluster. Set it now using // the RPC server's bind address. clientNamenodeAddress = NetUtils.getHostPortString(rpcServer.getRpcAddress()); LOG.info("Clients are to use " + clientNamenodeAddress + " to access" + " this namenode/service."); } if (NamenodeRole.NAMENODE == role) { httpServer.setNameNodeAddress(getNameNodeAddress()); httpServer.setFSImage(getFSImage()); } pauseMonitor = new JvmPauseMonitor(conf); pauseMonitor.start(); metrics.getJvmMetrics().setPauseMonitor(pauseMonitor); //启动活动状态和备用状态的公共服务：RPC服务和namenode的插件程序启动 startCommonServices(conf); }
loadNamesystem(Configuration conf)方法调用FSNamesystem类的loadFromDisk(Configuration conf)。前文提到的，namenode启动时从本地文件系统加载镜像并重做编辑日志，都在此方法中实现。
//org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.java static FSNamesystem loadFromDisk(Configuration conf) throws IOException { //必须的编辑日志目录检查 checkConfiguration(conf); //设在NNStorage，并初始化编辑日志目录。NNStorage主要功能是管理namenode使用的存储目录 FSImage fsImage = new FSImage(conf, FSNamesystem.getNamespaceDirs(conf), FSNamesystem.getNamespaceEditsDirs(conf)); //根据指定的镜像创建FSNamesystem对象 FSNamesystem namesystem = new FSNamesystem(conf, fsImage, false); StartupOption startOpt = NameNode.getStartupOption(conf);
if (startOpt == StartupOption.RECOVER) { namesystem.setSafeMode(SafeModeAction.SAFEMODE_ENTER); } long loadStart = now(); try { //加载镜像、重做编辑日志，并打开一个新编辑文件都在此方法中 namesystem.loadFSImage(startOpt); } catch (IOException ioe) { LOG.warn("Encountered exception loading fsimage", ioe); fsImage.close(); throw ioe; } long timeTakenToLoadFSImage = now() - loadStart; LOG.info("Finished loading FSImage in " + timeTakenToLoadFSImage + " msecs"); NameNodeMetrics nnMetrics = NameNode.getNameNodeMetrics(); if (nnMetrics != null) { nnMetrics.setFsImageLoadTime((int) timeTakenToLoadFSImage); } return namesystem; } private void loadFSImage(StartupOption startOpt) throws IOException { final FSImage fsImage = getFSImage(); // format before starting up if requested if (startOpt == StartupOption.FORMAT) { fsImage.format(this, fsImage.getStorage().determineClusterId());// reuse current id startOpt = StartupOption.REGULAR; } boolean success = false; writeLock(); try { // We shouldn't be calling saveNamespace if we've come up in standby state. MetaRecoveryContext recovery = startOpt.createRecoveryContext(); final boolean staleImage = fsImage.recoverTransitionRead(startOpt, this, recovery); if (RollingUpgradeStartupOption.ROLLBACK.matches(startOpt)) { rollingUpgradeInfo = null; } final boolean needToSave = staleImage && !haEnabled && !isRollingUpgrade(); LOG.info("Need to save fs image? " + needToSave + " (staleImage=" + staleImage + ", haEnabled=" + haEnabled + ", isRollingUpgrade=" + isRollingUpgrade() + ")"); if (needToSave) { fsImage.saveNamespace(this); } else { // No need to save, so mark the phase done. StartupProgress prog = NameNode.getStartupProgress(); prog.beginPhase(Phase.SAVING_CHECKPOINT); prog.endPhase(Phase.SAVING_CHECKPOINT); } // This will start a new log segment and write to the seen_txid file, so // we shouldn't do it when coming up in standby state if (!haEnabled || (haEnabled && startOpt == StartupOption.UPGRADE)) { fsImage.openEditLogForWrite(); } success = true; } finally { if (!success) { fsImage.close(); } writeUnlock(); } imageLoadComplete(); }
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