python 中的 with 语法

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

with 简介

    python 中的 with 语法简化了 try...except...finally 的使用，通过 with 语法从代码中把 try，except，finally关键字和资源分配释放相关的代码去掉。

    它仅仅能工作于支持 context management 协议的对象。

支持 with 的对象

    现在常用的支持 context management 协议的对象如下，比较常用的还是对文件的操作。

file
decimal.Context
thread.LockType
threading.Lock
threading.RLock
threading.Condition
threading.Semaphore
threading.BoundedSemaphore

with 对文件操作

# 常规操作
file = open('hostinfo.conf')
try:
    for line in hostinfo:
        print (line)
finally:
    file.close()

# 使用 with 的操作，不需要 try...finally 和 close() 操作了
with open(confile) as hostinfo:
    for line in hostinfo:
        print (line)

with open(logfile,'a') as log:
    log.write('hello world')

The with statement - 官方文档

New in version 2.5.

The with statement is used to wrap the execution of a block with methods defined by a context manager (see section With Statement Context Managers). This allows common try...except...finally usage patterns to be encapsulated for convenient reuse.

with_stmt ::=  "with" with_item ("," with_item)* ":" suite
with_item ::=  expression ["as" target]


The execution of the with statement with one “item” proceeds as follows:

1. The context expression (the expression given in the with_item) is evaluated to obtain a context manager.

2. The context manager’s __exit__() is loaded for later use.

3. The context manager’s __enter__() method is invoked.

4. If a target was included in the with statement, the return value from __enter__() is assigned to it.

   Note

   The with statement guarantees that if the __enter__() method returns without an error, then __exit__() will always be called. Thus, if an error occurs during the assignment to the target list, it will be treated the same as an error occurring within the suite would be. See step 6 below.

5. The suite is executed.

6. The context manager’s __exit__() method is invoked. If an exception caused the suite to be exited, its type, value, and traceback are passed as arguments to __exit__(). Otherwise, three None arguments are supplied.

   If the suite was exited due to an exception, and the return value from the__exit__() method was false, the exception is reraised. If the return value was true, the exception is suppressed, and execution continues with the statement following the with statement.

   If the suite was exited for any reason other than an exception, the return value from __exit__() is ignored, and execution proceeds at the normal location for the kind of exit that was taken.

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/payun/blog/512102