场景还原：

初始化

#/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --datadir=/home/mysqldata


Installing MySQL system tables...
150129 18:49:58 [Note] Flashcache bypass: disabled
150129 18:49:58 [Note] Flashcache setup error is : ioctl failed

OK
Filling help tables...
150129 18:49:59 [Note] Flashcache bypass: disabled
150129 18:49:59 [Note] Flashcache setup error is : ioctl failed

OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/usr/local/webserver/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/local/webserver/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h kooxoo17.ktep3.kuxun.cn password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/usr/local/webserver/mysql//bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/ ; /usr/local/webserver/mysql//bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql//mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /usr/local/webserver/mysql//scripts/mysqlbug script!

Percona recommends that all production deployments be protected with a support
contract (http://www.percona.com/mysql-suppport/) to ensure the highest uptime,
be eligible for hot fixes, and boost your team's productivity.
启动：

# /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

[1] 11321
[root@kooxoo17 mysql]# 150129 18:45:57 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'.
150129 18:45:57 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
150129 18:45:58 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

查看日志/var/log/mysqld.log

50129 18:37:27 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
150129 18:37:27 [Note] Flashcache bypass: disabled
150129 18:37:27 [Note] Flashcache setup error is : ioctl failed

150129 18:37:27 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled.
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/libexec/mysqld: Table 'mysql.plugin' doesn't existTable 'mysql.plugin' doesn't exist
150129 18:37:27 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.
InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins
InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
150129 18:37:27  InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
150129 18:37:27  InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
150129 18:37:27  InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
InnoDB: Log scan progressed past the checkpoint lsn 38470
150129 18:37:27  InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...
  InnoDB: Database was not shut down normally!
InnoDB: Starting crash recovery.
InnoDB: Reading tablespace information from the .ibd files...
InnoDB: Restoring possible half-written data pages from the doublewrite
InnoDB: buffer...
InnoDB: Doing recovery: scanned up to log sequence number 45342
150129 18:37:27  InnoDB: Starting an apply batch of log records to the database...
InnoDB: Progress in percents: 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
InnoDB: Apply batch completed
150129 18:37:27 Percona XtraDB (http://www.percona.com) 1.0.15-12.5 started; log sequence number 45342
150129 18:37:27 [ERROR] Fatal error: Can't open and lock privilege tables: Table 'mysql.host' doesn't exist
150129 18:37:27 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended


原因是

/etc/my.cnf 中的

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

而实际初始化的时候使用的datadir参数是--datadir=/home/mysqldata

修改为一致的就好了！！！