View onMeasure测量过程解析

为什么80%的码农都做不了架构师？>>>   

参考文章：
Android自定义View：MeasureSpec的真正意义与View大小控制
源码解析Android中View的measure量算过程

布局测量过程：
1.generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs)
系统加载xml布局文件时，会调用这个方法生成LayoutParams。
ViewGroup中有三种生成LayoutParams的方法，自定义Layout中如果也自定义了LayoutParams，必须要重写这个三个方法，如果想自定义layout可以参考FrameLayout。

    public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {
        return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a safe set of layout parameters based on the supplied layout params.
     * When a ViewGroup is passed a View whose layout params do not pass the test of
     * {@link #checkLayoutParams(android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams)}, this method
     * is invoked. This method should return a new set of layout params suitable for
     * this ViewGroup, possibly by copying the appropriate attributes from the
     * specified set of layout params.
     *
     * @param p The layout parameters to convert into a suitable set of layout parameters
     *          for this ViewGroup.
     *
     * @return an instance of {@link android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams} or one
     *         of its descendants
     */
    protected LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {
        return p;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a set of default layout parameters. These parameters are requested
     * when the View passed to {@link #addView(View)} has no layout parameters
     * already set. If null is returned, an exception is thrown from addView.
     *
     * @return a set of default layout parameters or null
     */
    protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {
        return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);
    }

2.顶层布局通过调用View.measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)，这个方法是final， 在该方法中会调用onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)，这个是实际测量方法，所有子类都必须实现这个方法实现自己的测量方案。
子类在实现该方法中调用measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int parentHeightMeasureSpec) 或者measureChildWithMargins(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed, int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed)，这两个方法实现 原理一样，都是调用View.measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)实现对childView的测量，这样就实现了嵌套测量。

protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

    protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
            int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
        final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                        + widthUsed, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                        + heightUsed, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

**子类是可以重写这两个方法已实现自己的对childView的测量方式，目前只有几个ScrollView重写了两个方法。当然子类也可以不调用这两个方法，自己实现，其实很简单，主要是根据LayoutParams、padding、margin等调用getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension)方法生成childMeasureSpec，然后调用child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); **

3.在getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension)方法中可以很清楚的看见父布局是 怎样生成对childView的约束的childWidthMeasureSpec。

public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;

        switch (specMode) {
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
        //noinspection ResourceType
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }

4.onMeasure方法最后都需要调用setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)方法设置测量结果才能生效，**自定义Layout中在调用该方法之前最好调用resolveSizeAndState方法生成正确的尺寸，**参考FrameLayout的onMeasure方法。
5.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED未对childView做限制，可以随意大小，一般是ScrollView、AdapterView等在重写measureChildWithMargins和measureChild方法中传给childView。

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/bruces/blog/1579936