本文讲的是Docker&MongoDB实战(一)单机部署,
【编者的话】本系列文章将重点介绍如何在Docker中运行MongoDB容器,作者有在生产环境中使用Docker部署MongoDB的经验,所以一些好的思路也可以借鉴。本文是系列文章的第一篇,主要介绍了基本的单机安装,干货还在后面,敬请关注。
Docker 是一个轻量级的Linux容器,它现在正在变得越来越流行。如果你是一个Docker新手,并且想知道它和虚拟机有什么不以及它的优势,可以看看 这篇文章 。
本系列文章将重点介绍如何在Docker中使用MongoDB,从单一的开发/测试环境设置到复杂的多主机MongoDB集群都会涉及,包括日志管理、性能、数据持久化等。下面是虚拟机和Docker的对比:
网上有很多介绍在Docker与MongoDB的文章,但是大多都是基于Ubuntu,并且也仅仅只是在单机上部署,也没有准备在生产环境中使用。我并不是说Ubuntu或者Debian系统不好,只是觉得应该有一些基于RPM发行版部署的例子,比如Fedora/RHEL和openSUSE/SLES。让我们开始吧,本文中我们使用的是最新的CentOS系统(CentOS 7),先来看下下面这个简单的Dockerfile文件:
# mongod process on latest CentOS # See https://docs.docker.com/articles/dockerfile_best-practices/ FROM centos # Base container on latest CentOS release MAINTAINER James Tan <james.tan@mongodb.com> COPY mongodb.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/ # Copy yum repo config file to add MongoDB repo RUN yum install -y mongodb-org-server # Install mongod RUN mkdir -p /data/db # Create default dbpath ENTRYPOINT [ "mongod" ] # Execute the mongod binary on container startup
然后在同一个目录下创建
mongodb.repo
文件,如下:
[mongodb] name=MongoDB Repository baseurl=http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/redhat/os/x86_64/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1
现在我们可以在终端运行
docker build -t mongod .
命令来构建Docker镜像。可能第一次运行时间会比较长,因为构建过程中要下载安装CentOS以及MongoDB的依赖文件,第一次之后的构建都会非常快。比如:
$ ls -l -rw-r--r--. 1 vagrant vagrant 283 Jan 13 22:27 Dockerfile -rw-r--r--. 1 vagrant vagrant 122 Jan 5 20:21 mongodb.repo $ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE centos latest 8efe422e6104 8 days ago 224 MB $ docker build -t mongod . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072 kB Sending build context to Docker daemon Step 0 : FROM centos ---> 8efe422e6104 Step 1 : MAINTAINER James Tan <james.tan@mongodb.com> ---> Running in 4e5110a62897 ---> 299f6b443463 Removing intermediate container 4e5110a62897 Step 2 : COPY mongodb.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/ ---> 93e9e1c7080c Removing intermediate container 365f1f6a898e Step 3 : RUN yum install -y mongodb-org-server ---> Running in 6139c81c9b03 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de * extras: mirror.euserv.net * updates: ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mongodb-org-server.x86_64 0:2.6.6-1 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
Installing: mongodb-org-server x86_64 2.6.6-1 mongodb 9.0 MTransaction Summary
Install 1 Package Total download size: 9.0 M Installed size: 23 M Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : mongodb-org-server-2.6.6-1.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : mongodb-org-server-2.6.6-1.x86_64 1/1 Installed: mongodb-org-server.x86_64 0:2.6.6-1 Complete! ---> 1c66942e38f2 Removing intermediate container 6139c81c9b03 Step 4 : RUN mkdir -p /data/db ---> Running in a9eaa1e46fde ---> 74b32e948366 Removing intermediate container a9eaa1e46fde Step 5 : ENTRYPOINT mongod ---> Running in fbc8e63727b0 ---> d491f0032d89 Removing intermediate container fbc8e63727b0 Successfully built d491f0032d89运行
docker images
命令来确认现在是否已经有mongod镜像,如下:
$ docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE mongod latest d491f0032d89 About a minute ago 330.3 MB centos latest 8efe422e6104 8 days ago 224 MB
我们可以通过运行
docker run –d –P mongod –smallfiles
来启动容器,并运行
docker ps
来确认当前运行的容器以及端口映射情况。如下:
$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES $ docker run -d -P mongod --smallfiles f81a716e1f77a0b0ab1e3d6ca0e20b084897c0591bcdef9df4a6a927a9b5a1d2 $ docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES f81a716e1f77 mongod:latest "mongod" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:49155->27017/tcp sharp_goodall
运行
docker logs CONTAINER_ID
命令来查看当前容器的日志输出。如下:
$ docker logs f81a716e1f77 mongod --help for help and startup options 2015-01-13T23:21:12.876+0000 [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=1 port=27017 dbpath=/data/db 64-bit host=f81a716e1f77 2015-01-13T23:21:12.877+0000 [initandlisten] db version v2.6.6 2015-01-13T23:21:12.877+0000 [initandlisten] git version: 608e8bc319627693b04cc7da29ecc300a5f45a1f 2015-01-13T23:21:12.877+0000 [initandlisten] build info: Linux build10.nj1.10gen.cc 2.6.32-431.3.1.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Jan 3 21:39:27 UTC 2014 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49 2015-01-13T23:21:12.877+0000 [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc 2015-01-13T23:21:12.877+0000 [initandlisten] options: {} 2015-01-13T23:21:12.934+0000 [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/db/journal 2015-01-13T23:21:12.934+0000 [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed 2015-01-13T23:21:13.516+0000 [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 7.7 2015-01-13T23:21:14.070+0000 [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 7 2015-01-13T23:21:15.577+0000 [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 5.8 2015-01-13T23:21:15.577+0000 [initandlisten] preallocating a journal file /data/db/journal/prealloc.0 2015-01-13T23:21:18.743+0000 [initandlisten] preallocating a journal file /data/db/journal/prealloc.1 2015-01-13T23:21:22.015+0000 [initandlisten] preallocating a journal file /data/db/journal/prealloc.2 2015-01-13T23:21:26.188+0000 [initandlisten] allocating new ns file /data/db/local.ns, filling with zeroes... 2015-01-13T23:21:26.278+0000 [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /data/db/local.0, filling with zeroes... 2015-01-13T23:21:26.278+0000 [FileAllocator] creating directory /data/db/_tmp 2015-01-13T23:21:26.324+0000 [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /data/db/local.0, size: 64MB, took 0.01 secs 2015-01-13T23:21:26.329+0000 [initandlisten] build index on: local.startup_log properties: { v: 1, key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "local.startup_log" } 2015-01-13T23:21:26.330+0000 [initandlisten] added index to empty collection 2015-01-13T23:21:26.332+0000 [initandlisten] command local.$cmd command: create { create: "startup_log", size: 10485760, capped: true } ntoreturn:1 keyUpdates:0 numYields:0 reslen:37 147ms 2015-01-13T23:21:26.335+0000 [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017
从
docker ps
的命令输出可以看到,容器内的27017端口默认被映射到了主机的49155端口,因此我们可以通过运行
mongo –port 49155
来连接到容器里的mongo进程。如:
$ mongo --port 49155 MongoDB shell version: 2.6.6 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:49155/test >
好吧,就这些啦,下一篇我们将研究各种各样的Docker网络选项。
原文链接:MONGODB & DOCKER – PART 1(翻译:温宏强 校对:宋瑜)
原文发布时间为:2015-02-09
本文作者:henryon
本文来自云栖社区合作伙伴DockerOne,了解相关信息可以关注DockerOne。
原文标题:Docker&MongoDB实战(一)单机部署