用户关闭关闭程序,需要做一些善后的清理工作,但问题是,某些用户不会按照推荐的方法关闭应用程序,肯能导致善后工作无法进行。像tomcat调用server的start方法启动容器,然后会逐级调用start。当发出关闭命令是会启动关闭功能,但是关闭可能会有一些意外产生,导致应用程序没有进入到我们制定的关闭方法去。如何解决这个问题呢,使得即使有意外也能正常进入关闭流程。
好在java提供了一种优雅的方式去解决这种问题。使得关闭的善后处理的代码能执行。java的关闭钩子能确保总是执行,无论用户如何终止应用程序。除非用户kill,这个是个死穴。
对java而言,虚拟机会对以下几种操作进行关闭:
(1)系统调用System.exit()方法
(2)程序最后一个守护线程退出时,应用程序正常退出。
(3)用户强行中断程序运行,比如ctrl+c等其他方式中断java程序
幸运的是,虚拟机在执行关闭操作时,会经过一下两个阶段:
(1)虚拟机启动所有已经注册的关闭钩子,如果有的话。关闭钩子是先前已经通过RunTime类注册的线程,所有的关闭钩子会并发执行,直到完成任务;
(2)虚拟机根据情况调用所有没有被调用过的终结器(finalizer)。(在这里不讨论)
关闭钩子的生成:
1.创建Thread的子类
2.实现run方法,应用程序关闭时会调用该方法,不需要调用start方法
3.在应用中实例化关闭钩子类
4.使用Runtime注册关闭钩子
例子如下:
ShutdownHookDemo
package test;
public class ShutdownHookDemo {
public void start() {
System.out.println("Demo");
ShutdownHook shutdownHook = new ShutdownHook();
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ShutdownHookDemo demo = new ShutdownHookDemo();
demo.start();
try {
System.in.read();
}
catch(Exception e) {
}
System.out.println("Normal exit");
}
}
class ShutdownHook extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Shutting down");
}
}
MySwingApp
package ex16.pyrmont.shutdownhook;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MySwingApp extends JFrame {
JButton exitButton = new JButton();
JTextArea jTextArea1 = new JTextArea();
String dir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
String filename = "temp.txt";
public MySwingApp() {
exitButton.setText("Exit");
exitButton.setBounds(new Rectangle(304, 248, 76, 37));
exitButton.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
exitButton_actionPerformed(e);
}
});
this.getContentPane().setLayout(null);
jTextArea1.setText("Click the Exit button to quit");
jTextArea1.setBounds(new Rectangle(9, 7, 371, 235));
this.getContentPane().add(exitButton, null);
this.getContentPane().add(jTextArea1, null);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setBounds(0,0, 400, 330);
this.setVisible(true);
initialize();
}
private void initialize() {
// create a temp file
File file = new File(dir, filename);
try {
System.out.println("Creating temporary file");
file.createNewFile();
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Failed creating temporary file.");
}
}
private void shutdown() {
// delete the temp file
File file = new File(dir, filename);
if (file.exists()) {
System.out.println("Deleting temporary file.");
file.delete();
}
}
void exitButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
shutdown();
System.exit(0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MySwingApp mySwingApp = new MySwingApp();
}
}
MySwingAppWithShutdownHook
package test;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MySwingAppWithShutdownHook extends JFrame {
JButton exitButton = new JButton();
JTextArea jTextArea1 = new JTextArea();
String dir = System.getProperty("user.dir");
String filename = "temp.txt";
public MySwingAppWithShutdownHook() {
exitButton.setText("Exit");
exitButton.setBounds(new Rectangle(304, 248, 76, 37));
exitButton.addActionListener(new java.awt.event.ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
exitButton_actionPerformed(e);
}
});
this.getContentPane().setLayout(null);
jTextArea1.setText("Click the Exit button to quit");
jTextArea1.setBounds(new Rectangle(9, 7, 371, 235));
this.getContentPane().add(exitButton, null);
this.getContentPane().add(jTextArea1, null);
this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
this.setBounds(0,0, 400, 330);
this.setVisible(true);
initialize();
}
private void initialize() {
// add shutdown hook
MyShutdownHook shutdownHook = new MyShutdownHook();
Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(shutdownHook);
// create a temp file
File file = new File(dir, filename);
try {
System.out.println("Creating temporary file");
file.createNewFile();
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Failed creating temporary file.");
}
}
private void shutdown() {
// delete the temp file
File file = new File(dir, filename);
if (file.exists()) {
System.out.println("Deleting temporary file.");
file.delete();
}
}
void exitButton_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
shutdown();
System.exit(0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MySwingAppWithShutdownHook mySwingApp = new MySwingAppWithShutdownHook();
}
private class MyShutdownHook extends Thread {
public void run() {
shutdown();
}
}
}