一、目的
为指导在Centos6.8系统下搭建标准ELK平台的工作。
二、定义
Elasticsearch Logstash Kibana结合Redis协同工作。
三、适用范围
适用于运营维护组运维工程师，针对在系统Centos6.8下搭建标准ELK平台的工作。
四、环境（结构图如下，IP不一致）
|
| Elasticsearch+Logstash_server | Logstash_agent | Elasticsearch+Logstash_agent | Logstash_agent | Elasticsearch+Logstash_agent+Redis+Kibana |
| 操作系统 | CentOS 6.8 x64 | CentOS 6.8 x64 | CentOS 6.8 x64 | CentOS 6.8 x64 | CentOS 6.8 x64 |
| CPU/内存 | 双8核cpu/32G | 双8核cpu/32G | 双8核cpu/16G | 双8核cpu/16G | 双8核cpu/64G |
| 外网IP |
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| 1.1.1.1 |
| 内网IP | 192.168.0.15 | 192.168.0.16 | 192.168.0.17 | 192.168.0.18 | 192.168.0.19 |
| Elasticsearch版本 | elasticsearch-2.4.0 |
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| Logstash版本 | logstash-2.3.4.tar |
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| Kibana版本 | kibana-4.6.1-linux-x86_64 |
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| Redis版本 | redis-3.0.7 |
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| JDK版本 | jdk-8u144-linux-x64 |
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五、准备安装包
https://www.elastic.co/downloads/past-releases/elasticsearch-2-4-0
https://www.elastic.co/downloads/past-releases/logstash-2-3-4
https://www.elastic.co/downloads/past-releases/kibana-4-6-1
http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.0.7.tar.gz
六. 安装过程
6.1 安装java环境
在五台服务器上分别安装jdk-8u144-linux-x64
#mkdir -p /usr/java
#tar -xzvf jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java
#vim /etc/profile
增添以下内容：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_144
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH
# source /etc/profile
# java -version
java version "1.8.0_144"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_144-b01)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.144-b01, mixed mode)
6.2 安装logstash
6.2.1 解压logstash源码包
Logstash_server与logstash_agent安装方法一致
在五台服务器上分别解压logstash
# tar -xzvf logstash-2.3.4.tar.gz -C /data/soft/
6.2.2 创建config
在五台服务器上分别创建config目录
# mkdir -p /data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/conf/
6.3 安装 redis
6.2.1 在192.168.0.19上安装redis
#yum install gcc gcc-c++ -y #安装过的，就不需要再安装了
#wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.0.7.tar.gz
#tar xf redis-3.0.7.tar.gz
#cd redis-3.0.7
#make
#mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/{conf,bin}
#cp ./*.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/
#cp runtest* /usr/local/redis/
#cd utils/
#cp mkrelease.sh /usr/local/redis/bin/
#cd ../src
#cp redis-benchmark redis-check-aof redis-check-dump redis-cli redis-sentinel redis-server redis-trib.rb /usr/local/redis/bin/
创建redis数据存储目录
#mkdir -pv /data/redis/db
#mkdir -pv /data/log/redis
6.2.2 修改redis配置文件
#cd /usr/local/redis/conf
#vi redis.conf
dir ./ 修改为dir /data/redis/db/
保存退出
6.2.3 启动redis
#nohup /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf &
6.2.4 查看redis进程
#ps -ef | grep redis
root 4425 1149 0 16:21 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server *:6379
root 4435 1149 0 16:22 pts/0 00:00:00 grep redis
#netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1402/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1103/master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 4425/redis-server *
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1402/sshd
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1103/master
tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN 4425/redis-server *
6.3配置使用logstash_agent
6.3.1 在192.168.0.16上收集/data/soft/tomcat-send/logs/catalina.out日志
# cd /data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/conf/
#vim logstash.conf
input {
file {
path => "/data/soft/tomcat-send/logs/catalina.out"
type => "36tomcat-send"
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
output {
if [type] == "36tomcat-send" {
redis {
host => "192.168.0.19"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_tomcat-send'
}
}
}
此配置文件意思是要将该路径下产生的日志输送到redis当中，其中type 和 key是自己定义的类型，方便识别。
6.3.2 启动logstash_agent
#/data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/bin/logstash -f /data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/co
nf/logstash.conf --configtest #检测语法
#/data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/bin/logstash -f /data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/co
nf/logstash.conf
#ps -ef |grep logstash #检验启动成功
6.4安装elasticsearch
在三台服务器 192.168.0.15、192.168.0.17、192.168.0.19上分别安装elasticsearch。例如在192.168.0.15上安装elasticsearch
6.4.1 添加elasticsearch用户，因为Elasticsearch服务器启动的时候，需要在普通用户权限下来启动。
#adduser elasticsearch
#passwd elasticsearch
# tar -xzvf elasticsearch-2.4.0.tar.gz -C /home/elasticsearch/
直接将包拷贝至/home/elasticsearch时候无法修改配置文件，因此需要修改权限；
chmod 777 /home/elasticsearch -R
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /home/elasticsearch -R
#su - elasticsearch
6.4.2 修改elasticsearch 配置文件
# cd elasticsearch-2.4.0
#mkdir {data,logs}
# cd config
#vim elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: serverlog #集群名称，可以自定义
node.name: node-1 #节点名称，也可以自定义
path.data: /home/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-2.3.4/data #data存储路径
path.logs: /home/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-2.3.4/logs #log存储路径
network.host: 192.168.0.15 #节点ip
http.port: 9200 #节点端口
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["192.168.0.17","192.168.0.19"] #集群ip列表
discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes: 3 #集群节点数
6.4.3 启动服务
#cd elasticsearch-2.3.4
#./bin/elasticsearch -d
查看进程
#ps -ef | grep elasticsearch
查看端口
#netstat -tunlp
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:10.0.18.148:9300 :::* LISTEN 1592/java
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN -
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:10.0.18.148:9200 :::* LISTEN
启动连个端口：9200集群之间事务通信，9300集群之间选举通信，其余两台elasticsearch服务根据这台服务的配置文件做相应调整。
6.4.4 等待三台elasticsearch做好后，查看集群健康信息
# curl -XGET 'http://192.168.0.19:9200/_cluster/health?pretty'
{
"cluster_name" : "serverlog",
"status" : "green",
"timed_out" : false,
"number_of_nodes" : 3,
"number_of_data_nodes" : 3,
"active_primary_shards" : 105,
"active_shards" : 210,
"relocating_shards" : 0,
"initializing_shards" : 0,
"unassigned_shards" : 0,
"delayed_unassigned_shards" : 0,
"number_of_pending_tasks" : 0,
"number_of_in_flight_fetch" : 0,
"task_max_waiting_in_queue_millis" : 0,
"active_shards_percent_as_number" : 100.0
}
6.4.5 查看节点数
# curl -XGET 'http://192.168.0.15:9200/_cat/nodes?v'
host ip heap.percent ram.percent load node.role master name
192.168.0.15 192.168.0.15 27 28 0.10 d * node-1
192.168.0.19 192.168.0.19 20 100 6.03 d m node-3
192.168.0.17 192.168.0.17 30 87 0.17 d m node-2
注意：*表示当前master节点
6.4.6 查看节点分片的信息
#curl -XGET 'http://10.0.18.148:9200/_cat/indices?v'
health status index pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
6.4.7 在三台Elasticsearch节点上安装插件，如下：
#su - elasticsearch
#cd elasticsearch-2.3.4
#./bin/plugin install license #license插件
-> Installing license...
Trying https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/plugin/license/2.3.4/license-2.3.4.zip ...
Downloading .......DONE
Verifying https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/plugin/license/2.3.4/license-2.3.4.zip checksums if available ...
Downloading .DONE
Installed license into /home/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-2.3.4/plugins/license
# ./bin/plugin install marvel-agent #marvel-agent插件
-> Installing marvel-agent...
Trying https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/plugin/marvel-agent/2.3.4/marvel-agent-2.3.4.zip ...
Downloading ..........DONE
Verifying https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/plugin/marvel-agent/2.3.4/marvel-agent-2.3.4.zip checksums if available ...
Downloading .DONE
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: plugin requires additional permissions @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
* java.lang.RuntimePermission setFactory
* javax.net.ssl.SSLPermission setHostnameVerifier
See http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/technotes/guides/security/permissions.html
for descriptions of what these permissions allow and the associated risks.
Continue with installation? [y/N]y #输入y，表示同意安装此插件
Installed marvel-agent into /home/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-2.3.4/plugins/marvel-agent
# ./bin/plugin install mobz/elasticsearch-head #安装head插件
-> Installing mobz/elasticsearch-head...
Trying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip ...
Downloading ...........................................................................................................................................................................DONE
Verifying https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip checksums if available ...
NOTE: Unable to verify checksum for downloaded plugin (unable to find .sha1 or .md5 file to verify)
Installed head into /home/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-2.3.4/plugins/head
安装bigdesk插件
#cd plugins/
#mkdir bigdesk
#cd bigdesk
#git clone https://github.com/lukas-vlcek/bigdesk _site
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-2.3.4/plugins/bigdesk/_site/.git/
remote: Counting objects: 5016, done.
remote: Total 5016 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5016
Receiving objects: 100% (5016/5016), 17.80 MiB | 1.39 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (1860/1860), done.
修改_site/js/store/BigdeskStore.js文件，大致在142行，如下：
return (major == 1 && minor >= 0 && maintenance >= 0 && (build != 'Beta1' || build != 'Beta2'));
修改为：
return (major >= 1 && minor >= 0 && maintenance >= 0 && (build != 'Beta1' || build != 'Beta2'));
添加插件的properties文件：
#cat >plugin-descriptor.properties<<EOF
description=bigdesk - Live charts and statistics for Elasticsearch cluster.
version=2.5.1
site=true
name=bigdesk
EOF
安装kopf插件
#./bin/plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf
-> Installing lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf...
Trying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip
Downloading .....................................................................................................................................DONE
Verifying https://github.com/lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf/archive/master.zip checksums if available ...
NOTE: Unable to verify checksum for downloaded plugin (unable to find .sha1 or .md5 file to verify)
Installed kopf into /home/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-2.3.4/plugins/kopf
6.4.8 查看安装的插件
#cd elasticsearch-2.3.4
# ./bin/plugin list
Installed plugins in /home/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-2.3.4/plugins:
- head
- license
- bigdesk
- marvel-agent
- kopf
6.5 配置使用logstash_server
6.5.1 在192.168.0.15 上
#cd /data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/conf
# mkdir -p {16..19}.config
#cd 16.config
#vim logstash_server.conf
input {
redis {
type => "36tomcat-send"
host => "192.168.0.19"
port => "6379"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_tomcat-send'
batch_count => 1
}
}
output {
if [type] == "36tomcat-send" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.0.15:9200"] #其中一台ES 服务器
Index => "192.168.0.16-tomcat-send-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
} #定义的索引名称，后面会用到
}
}
里面的key与type 与6.3.1 logstash_agent 中的配置要相互匹配。
在性能上为了优化调优参数：
#/newnet.bak/elk/logstash-5.4.1/config/logstash.yml
pipeline.batch.size: 10000
pipeline.workers: 8
pipeline.output.workers: 8
pipeline.batch.delay: 10
6.5.2 启动logstash_server
#/data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/bin/logstash -f /data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/ conf/16.config/logstash_server.conf --configtest
#/data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/bin/logstash -f /data/soft/logstash-2.3.4/conf/16.config/logstash_server.conf
# ps -ef |grep logstash
6.6 安装配置kibana
6.6.1 在192.168.0.19上安装kibana
# tar -xzvf kibana-4.6.1-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /data/soft/
6.6.2 安装插件
#cd /data/soft/kibana-4.6.1-linux-x86_64/bin/kibana
#./kibana plugin --install elasticsearch/marvel/latest
Installing marvel
Attempting to transfer from https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/marvel/marvel-latest.tar.gz
Transferring 2421607 bytes....................
Transfer complete
Extracting plugin archive
Extraction complete
Optimizing and caching browser bundles...
Plugin installation complete
6.6.3 修改kibana配置文件
#cd /data/soft/kibana-4.6.1-linux-x86_64/config
#vim kibana.yml
server.port: 5601
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.0.19:9200"
6.6.4 启动kibana
# nohup bin/kibana &
然后命令行输入exit
# netstat -anput |grep 5601
7、施工后校验
7.1 在浏览器访问kibana端口并创建index，如下：
红方框中的索引名称是我在logstash server 服务器的配置文件中配置的index名称
点击绿色按钮“Create”，就可以创建成功了！然后查看kibana界面的“Discovery”，
可以看到已经搜集到日志数据了！
7.2 访问head，查看集群是否一致，如下图：
http://115.182.45.39:9200/_plugin/head
7.3 访问bigdesk，查看信息，如下图：
上图中也标记了node-1为master节点（有星星标记），上图显示的数据是不断刷新的！
7.4 访问kopf,查看信息，如下图：
上面提到了查看节点分片的信息。
7.5 关于Marvel的问题
Marvel是监控你的Elasticsearch集群，并提供可操作的见解，以帮助您充分利用集群的最佳方式，它是免费的在开发和生产中使用。
http://115.182.45.39:5601/app/marvel#
7.6 节点分片信息相关的问题
在本次实验的过程中，第一次查看分片信息是没有的，因为没有创建索引，后面等创建过索引之后，就可以看到创建的索引信息了，但是还有集群的信息没有显示出来，问题应该和第2个一样，Elasticsearch有问题，重启之后，就查看到了如下：
# curl -XGET '192.168.0.19:9200/_cat/indices?v'
health status index pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green open 192.168.0.18-tomcat-send-log-2017.12.20 5 1 650297 0 165.4mb 82.6mb
green open 192.168.0.16-log-2017.12.20 5 1 3800 0 1.4mb 762kb
green open 192.168.0.17-tomcat-order-log-2017.12.20 5 1 905074 0 274.9mb 137.4mb
green open 192.168.0.17-tomcat-order-log-2017.12.21 5 1 7169 0 2.5mb 1.2mb
green open 192.168.0.19-nginx-log-2017.12.20 5 1 525427 0 231.4mb 115.6mb
green open 192.168.0.19-nginx-log-2017.12.21 5 1 315 0 421.6kb 207.2kb
7.7 关于创建多个index索引名称，存储不同类型日志的情况
也许我们不止tomcat-send这一种日志需要搜集分析，还有httpd、nginx、mysql等日志，但是如果都搜集在一个索引下面，会很乱，不易于排查问题，如果每一种类型的日志都创建一个索引，这样分类创建索引，会比较直观，实现是在logstash server 服务器上创建多个conf文件，然后启动，如下：
input {
redis {
type => "36tomcat-send"
host => "192.168.0.19"
port => "6379"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_tomcat-send'
batch_count => 1
}
redis {
type => "36activemq"
host => "192.168.0.19"
port => "6379"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_activemq'
batch_count => 1
}
redis {
type => "36tomcat-instant"
host => "192.168.0.19"
port => "6379"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_tomcat-instant'
batch_count => 1
}
redis {
type => "36zookeeper"
host => "192.168.0.19"
port => "6379"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_zookeeper'
batch_count => 1
}
}
output {
if [type] == "36tomcat-send" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.0.15:9200"]
index => "192.168.0.16-tomcat-send-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if [type] == "36activemq" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.0.15:9200"]
index => "192.168.0.16-activemq-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if [type] == "36tomcat-instant" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.0.15:9200"]
index => "192.168.0.16-tomcat-instant-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if [type] == "36zookeeper" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.0.15:9200"]
index => "192.168.0.16-zookeeper-log-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
}
再对应的日志服务器（称为客户端）本身配置conf文件，如下：
input {
file {
path => "/data/soft/tomcat-send/logs/catalina.out"
type => "36tomcat-send"
start_position => "beginning"
}
file {
path => "/data/soft/tomcat-instant/logs/catalina.out"
type => "36tomcat-instant"
start_position => "beginning"
}
file {
path => "/data/soft/activemq-5.9.0/data/activemq.log"
type => "36activemq"
start_position => "beginning"
}
file {
path => "/data/soft/zookeeper-3.4.6/logs/zookeeper.out"
type => "36zookeeper"
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
output {
if [type] == "36tomcat-send" {
redis {
host => "192.168.0.19"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_tomcat-send'
}
}
if [type] == "36tomcat-instant" {
redis {
host => "192.168.0.19"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_tomcat-instant'
}
}
if [type] == "36activemq" {
redis {
host => "192.168.0.19"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_activemq'
}
}
if [type] == "36zookeeper" {
redis {
host => "192.168.0.19"
data_type => "list"
key => '36elk_zookeeper'
}
}
}
致此，ELK平台搭建成功！
八、参考文献
主要参考两篇技术博客：
http://blog.51cto.com/467754239/1700828
http://blog.51cto.com/linuxg/1843114
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