字段的属性梳理
最重要的字段
required
inital
widget
error_messages
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required:是否允许为空
class my_forms_field(forms.Form):
f1 = fields.CharField(
required=True,
)
默认required是True,也就是不允许为空
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widget:指定插件
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lable:设置一个label标签,我们之前会在input标签之前写一个label标签,这个label标签有一个for的属性,指向后面的input标签,只要点击一下lable标签的内容,则鼠标会自动跳转到input标签中
form表单的代码
user4 = forms.CharField(required=True,label="用户名",widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"密码"}))
前端的代码,第一个lable标签实现的效果就和obj.user4.label_tag的效果一样,会生成一个lable标签,有for的属性
<p>
<label for="{{ obj.user4.id_for_label }}">{{ obj.user4.label }}</label>
用下面2段代码就可以实现label标签的效果了,上面的代码只是另外一种写法
{{ obj.user4.label_tag }}
{{ obj.user4 }}
</p>
html的代码
浏览器的效果
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initail:初始值
user4 = forms.CharField(required=True,initial="老鼠",label="用户名",widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"密码"}))
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help_text生成一个帮助信息
user4 = forms.CharField(required=True,initial="老鼠",label="用户名",widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"密码"}),help_text="aaaa")
<p>
<label for="{{ obj.user4.id_for_label }}">{{ obj.user4.label }}</label>
{{ obj.user4.label_tag }}
{{ obj.user4 }}
{{ obj.user4.help_text }}
</p>
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show_hidden_initail:是否生成一个有默认值的隐藏的标签,主要的实际用户就是判断客户当前的输入和默认值是否一样
user4 = forms.CharField(required=True,
initial="老鼠",
label="用户名",
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"密码"}),
help_text="aaaa",
show_hidden_initial=True)
html代码不需要做任何修改
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自定义匹配规则
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disable:标签是否允许编辑
user4 = forms.CharField(required=True,
initial="老鼠",
label="用户名",
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"密码"}),
help_text="aaaa",
show_hidden_initial=True,
disabled=True)
前端页面
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localize:本地化,暂时不涉及
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label_suffix设置lable标签和input标签之间的字符,默认是用冒号,通过label_suffix可以替换冒号,设置成我们想要的符号
user4 = forms.CharField(required=True,
initial="老鼠",
label="用户名",
widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"密码"}),
help_text="aaaa",
show_hidden_initial=True,
disabled=True,
label_suffix="---->")
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error_messages:设置不同的错误码对应不同的报错
u_name = forms.CharField(min_length=6,max_length=12,error_messages={"required":"用户名不能为空",
"min_length":"最小长度为6",
"max_length":"最大长度为12"
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max_length:最大长度
min_length:最小长度
min_value:最小值
max_value:最大值
可以根据上面4个在error_messages中当做错误码
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srtip=true:是否移除空白
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日期格式
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choice:默认是select框
user5 = forms.ChoiceField(
initial=1,
choices=[(1,"找死"),(2,"刘能"),(3,"六大脑袋")]
)
且默认选中第一个,前台选中,后台拿到的字符串
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如果想要实现字符类型的转换可以有下面两种方法
这个只能转换为数字
user7 = forms.IntegerField(
initial=1,
choices=[(1, "找死"), (2, "刘能"), (3, "六大脑袋")]
)
这个可以根据函数自定义转换后的类型,这里这个x就是select框中选中的1,或者2,或者3
user6 = forms.TypedChoiceField(
coerce=lambda x:int(x),
initial=1,
choices=[(1, "找死"), (2, "刘能"), (3, "六大脑袋")]
)
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from django import forms
from django.forms import widgets
from django.forms import fields
from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
# 自定义规则需要引入的模块
class my_first_forms_example(forms.Form):
u = forms.CharField()
# input type='text'
e = forms.EmailField()
# input type='email'
p = forms.PasswordInput()
# input type='password'
# 类;
# 1、创建form标签
# 2、验证的哪些字段
#
# 字段:
# 用于验证某个字段的
#
# 插件:
# 生成具体的标签,用widget来指定
# user = forms.CharField(..,widget=Input框
class my_first_forms(forms.Form):
u1 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)
u2 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput)
u3 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class":"c1","placeholder":"用户名"}))
u4 = forms.IntegerField()
# 后端拿到的数据是数字
u5 = forms.ChoiceField(initial=3,choices=[(1,"上海1"),(2,"北京1"),(3,"深圳1")])
# 后台拿到的数据是字符串"1"或者"2"或者"3"
u6 = forms.CharField(initial=3,widget=forms.Select(choices=[(1, "上海2"), (2, "北京2"), (3, "深圳2")]))
# 后台拿到的数据是字符串"1"或者"2"或者"3"
# 前台通过form标签提交给后台的数据全部都是字符串,我们通过form还可以实现字符串转换为数字,也就是类型转换的作用
u7 = forms.IntegerField(initial=3,widget=forms.Select(choices=[(1, "上海3"), (2, "北京3"), (3, "深圳3")]))
# 后台拿到的是数字1、2、3
u8 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.RadioSelect(choices=[(1, "上海3"), (2, "北京3"), (3, "深圳3")]))
# 后台拿到的数据是字符串"1"或者"2"或者"3"
u9 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple(choices=[(1, "上海3"), (2, "北京3"), (3, "深圳3")]))
# 由于form有3个不方面组成,类,字段,插件
# 下面我们我们专门来说字段
class my_forms_field(forms.Form):
f1 = fields.CharField(
# required=True,默认值
required=False,
label="用户名",
label_suffix="--->",
initial="崔皓然",
help_text="这是一个帮助信息",
show_hidden_initial=True,
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^\d+',"请输入数字",code="111"),RegexValidator(r'^139\d{8}$',"必须要以139开头",code="222")],
# 上面我们自定义了code,如果我们定义了code,则在error_messages可以根据不同的code报不同的错误,也可以不写code,不满足第一个正则,报第一个正则里的报错,
# 不满足第二个正则,报第二个正则里的报错,如果没有设置code,则默认的code的类型是invalid,且error_messages中定义的报错优先级高
error_messages={"required": "不允许为空", "222": "2222222222", "111": "11111111111111111111"},
# disabled=True,默认值
disabled=False,
max_length=12,
min_length=6,
# strip=True,是否移除空白,默认值是true
strip=False,
)
f2 = fields.IntegerField(
max_value=100,
min_value=20,
)
f3 = fields.FloatField(
max_value=100,
min_value=20,
)
f4 = fields.DecimalField(
# 十进制的小数
max_value=100,
min_value=20,
max_digits=10,
# 总长度
decimal_places=3
# 小数位的长度
)
f5 = fields.EmailField()
f6 = fields.FileField()
f7 = fields.ImageField()
f8 = fields.ChoiceField(
choices=[(1, "上海3"), (2, "北京3"), (3, "深圳3")],
initial=3,
required=True,
label="城市",
label_suffix="------>"
)
f9 = fields.TypedChoiceField(
choices=[(1, "上海4"), (2, "北京4"), (3, "深圳4")],
initial=3,
required=True,
coerce=lambda x:int(x)
)
f10 = fields.MultipleChoiceField(
choices=[(1, "上海5"), (2, "北京5"), (3, "深圳5")],
initial=[1,3,]
)
f11 = fields.TypedMultipleChoiceField(
choices=[(1, "上海5"), (2, "北京5"), (3, "深圳5")],
initial=[1, 3, ],
coerce=lambda x:int(x),
)
f12 = fields.FilePathField(path="app1",allow_folders=True,recursive=False,allow_files=)
# recursive:递归显示,true不显示,false显示
# allow_folders:是否显示文件夹
# allow_files:是否显示文件
f13 = fields.GenericIPAddressField(
protocol="both"
)
f14 = fields.SlugField()
# 只允许数字,字母,下划线,减号
插件的学习
我们在看一个例子,比如我们编辑一个东西,那么在弹出的框中需要有我们的内容,那么这个内容怎么来的,其实这个需要从数据库中获取,比如下面的例子,我们拿到一个字段的id,通过id在拿到名称,然后在通过model去数据库中拿到值,在返回给前端
form的代码,这个纯属复习
class myforms2(forms.Form):
u = fields.CharField(
label="用户名",
strip=True,
max_length=20,
min_length=10,
required=True,
validators=[RegexValidator(r'^a.*y$',code="error1")],
error_messages={"required":"不允许为空","error1":"必须以a开头,y结尾","max_length":"最大长度是20","min_length":"最小长度是10"},
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class":"c1"}),
label_suffix="------>"
)
在看视图函数的代码
def my_forms2(request):
method = request.method.lower()
if method == "get":
nid = int(request.GET.get("nid","1"))
user_obj = models.teacher.objects.get(id=nid)
u_dict = {"u":user_obj.teacher_name}
form_obj = myforms.myforms2(u_dict)
给form表单对象传值,然后将传递的值渲染到前端上
return render(request,"my_forms2.html",{"obj":form_obj})
else:
form_obj = myforms.myforms2(request.POST,request.FILES)
if form_obj.is_valid():
new_teacher_name = request.POST.get("u")
nid = int(request.GET.get("nid"))
models.teacher.objects.filter(id=nid).update(teacher_name=new_teacher_name)
return redirect("/app1/my_forms2/")
else:
return render(request,"my_forms2.html",{"obj":form_obj})
最后在看下html的代码
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/css/css3.css">
</head>
<body>
<form action="/app1/my_forms2/?nid=1" method="post">
<p>{{ obj.u.label_tag }}{{ obj.u }}</p>
<span>{{ obj.u.errors.0 }}</span>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>