HAProxy提供高可用性、负载均衡以及基于TCP和HTTP应用的代理,支持虚拟主机,它是免费、快速并且可靠的一种解决方案。HAProxy特别适用于那些负载特大的web站点,这些站点通常又需要会话保持或七层处理。HAProxy运行在当前的硬件上,完全可以支持数以万计的并发连接。并且它的运行模式使得它可以很简单安全的整合进您当前的架构中,同时可以保护你的web服务器不被暴露到网络上。


HAProxy实现了一种事件驱动, 单一进程模型,此模型支持非常大的并发连接数。多进程或多线程模型受内存限制、系统调度器限制以及无处不在的锁限制,很少能处理数千并发连接。事件驱动模型因为在有更好的资源和时间管理的用户端(User-Space)实现所有这些任务,所以没有这些问题。此模型的弊端是,在多核系统上,这些程序通常扩展性较差。这就是为什么他们必须进行优化以使每个CPU时间片(Cycle)做更多的工作。


拓扑介绍:前端两台服务器提供高可用和haproxy,,后端有动态和静态服务器组,haproxy将动态和静态页面请求分发到不同的服务器上;在测试情况下有异常发生,当跟踪的脚本失败后,没有按照预定的动作执行;但有一点是可以肯定的,当一台服务器宕机后,服务可以正常提供;由MASTER上的keepalived提供VIP和后端服务器的网关;(在本例中用不到后端服务器网关,因为后端服务器只需与代理服务器交互,它们是在同一个网段的,不需要网关。本例中给出配置,以备不时之需)

121038490.png



一、keepalived配置:(配置选项含义请参考上篇)

[root@node1 keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
    root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from ClusterAdmin@magedu.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id Node1
}
        vrrp_script chk_state_down {
        script "[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ] && exit 1 || exit 0"
        interval 1
    weight 30
}
        vrrp_script chk_Haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 1
    fall 2
    rise 1
    weight 30
}
vrrp_instance Haproxy {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 10
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass Haproxy
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
       172.16.1.100
    }
    track_script {
    chk_Haproxy
    chk_state_down
    }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
vrrp_instance Gateway {
    state MASTER
    interface eth1
    virtual_router_id 20
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass Gateway
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.10.250
    }
    track_script {
     chk_Haproxy
     chk_state_down
    }
}
[root@node2 keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   notification_email {
    root@localhost
   }
   notification_email_from ClusterAdmin@magedu.com
   smtp_server 127.0.0.1
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id Node2
}
    vrrp_script chk_state_down {
    script "[[ -f /etc/keepalived/down ]] && exit 1 || exit 0"
    interval 1
    weight 10
}
    vrrp_script chk_Haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 1
    fall 2
    rise 1
    weight 10
}
vrrp_instance Haproxy {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 10
    priority 95
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass Haproxy
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
       172.16.1.100
    }
                track_script {
                chk_Haproxy
                chk_state_down
                }
    notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"
    notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"
    notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"
}
vrrp_instance Gateway {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth1
    virtual_router_id 20
    priority 95
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass Gateway
    }
   virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.10.250
   }
   track_script {
     chk_Haproxy
     chk_state_down
     }
}
[root@node2 keepalived]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
#
vip=172.16.1.100
contact='root@localhost'
notify () {
        mailsubject="`hostname` became to $1 , $vip floated."
        mailbody="`date +"%F %T"`: vrrp status changed. `hostname` became $1"
        echo $mailbody | mail -s "$mailsubject" $contact
}
case $1 in
        master)
                notify master ;;
        backup)
                notify backup;;
        fault)
                notify fault ;;
        *)
                echo "Usage: `basename $0` {master|backup|fault}"
                exit 1;;
esac


二、Haproxy配置分析:


global
                                                                                                                                            
       chroot /var/haproxy           #chroot运行的路径,增加安全性
       uid 99                          #程序运行的用户id
       gid 99                          #程序运行的用户组id
       daemon                          #以后台形式运行haproxy
       nbproc 1                        #number of process进程数量,不建议修改
       pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid    #haproxy的pid存放路径
               maxconn 4000                   #默认最大连接数
defaults
    mode                    http  ;工作模式
    option                  dontlognull
    log                     global;记录日志
    option http-server-close  ;启用服务器端关闭
    option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8;传递客户端ip
    option                  redispatch ;当服务器组中的某台设备故障后,自动将请求重定向到组内其他主机。
    retries                 3  ;请求重试的次数
    timeout http-request    10s;http请求超时时间
    timeout queue           1m;一个请求在队列里的超时时间·
    timeout connect         10s;连接服务器超时时间
    timeout client          1m;设置客户端侧最大非活动时间
    timeout server          1m;设置服务器侧最大非活动时间
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s;设置http-keep-alive的超时时间
    timeout check           10s;当一个连接建立之后,
    maxconn                 3000;同时处理的最大连接数
    errorfile 403 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/403.http
      errorfile 500 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/500.http
      errorfile 502 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/502.http
      errorfile 503 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/503.http
      errorfile 504 /etc/haproxy/errorfiles/504.http
Haproxy 负载均衡实例:
frontend webserver
    bind 172.16.1.100:80
    default_backend webservers
backend webservers
    balance roundrobin
    server  node3.magedu.com    192.168.10.3:80 check
    server  node4.magedu.com    192.168.10.4:80 check
或者
listen webservers
    bind 172.16.1.100:80
    server node3.magedu.com 192.168.10.3 check
    server node4.magedu.com 192.168.10.4 check
启用stats查看,认证等功能:
默认在/haproxy?stats
    listen stas
    bind 172.16.1.100:1099;监听的地址和端口
    stats enable;启用状态监控
    stats hide-version;隐藏软件版本号
    stats auth admin:admin;登陆用户名和密码
    stats realm HAproxy\ stats;提示信息,空格之前加\
    stats admin if TRUE;当通过认证才可管理
    stats uri /stats;访问路径
    stats refresh 5;页面自动刷新间隔

效果如下:

121425386.png

登录成功后:

121514202.png

调度算法:

动态算法:

支持动态调整权重,可以在运行中调整而不用重启服务;

支持慢速启动(在刚开机时不起作用);

roundrobin 轮调

leastconn 最少连接

source

hash-type : consistent 一致性哈希算法,

静态算法:

支持权重,不支持动态调整,调整后需重启服务;

static-rr

source

hash-type map-based:将source IP进行hash后,对后端服务器的个数取余算法;

uri 根据uri分配服务器,适用于后端是缓存服务器;也支持2hash-type;同source算法;还支持参数,len # depth # ,用法如下

balance uri [len <len>][depth <depth>]


URL syntax:

<scheme>://<user>:<password>@<host>:<port>/path;<params>?<query>#<frag>

url_param

常用于跟踪用户id,将具有特定的用户标示的GET请求发往特定的服务器;默认是静态算法,用hash-type修改;用法如下;

balance url_param <param>[check_post [<max_wait>]]

balance url_paramuserid
balance url_param session_id check_post 64

hdr,根据请求头部中的字段进行调度;

balancehdr(User-Agent)
balance hdr(host)
balance hdr(Host) use_domain_only


自定义日志输出位置:

    frontend web
    bind 172.16.1.100:80
    default_backend webservers
    log global
    log 127.0.0.1:514 local2 info
    option httplog
定义local2的记录位置:启用UDP syslog
[root@node1 ~]# vi /etc/rsyslog.conf
    # Provides UDP syslog reception
    $ModLoad imudp
    $UDPServerRun 514
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!,添加local2.none
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local2.none         /var/log/messages
添加一行,自定义日志存放位置:
local2.*                /var/log/haproxy.log
然后重启syslog服务;
[root@node1 ~]# service rsyslog restart
查看日志情况
[root@node1 ~]# tail /var/log/haproxy.log
Sep 29 19:47:17 localhost haproxy[2847]: 172.16.254.52:53660 [29/Sep/2013:19:47:17.861] web webservers/node3.magedu.com 9/0/0/1/10 200 267 - - ---- 3/3/0/1/0 0/0 "GET /4.html HTTP/1.1"
Sep 29 19:47:17 localhost haproxy[2847]: 172.16.254.52:53660 [29/Sep/2013:19:47:17.861] web webservers/node3.magedu.com 9/0/0/1/10 200 267 - - ---- 3/3/0/1/0 0/0 "GET /4.html HTTP/1.1"
在后端real server上记录真实客户端IP地址:
修改apache配置文件中日志格式,修改为:
LogFormat "%{X-Forwarded-For}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
效果为:
172.16.254.52 - - [29/Sep/2013:14:30:44 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 50485 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/29.0.1547.62 Safari/537.36"


Haproxy中ACL的使用:

acl <aclname> <criterion> [flags] [operator] <value> ...

dst <ip_address>
dst_port <port>
src <ip_address>
src_port <port>
e.g.
#用法一、允许10.0.0.0/24的用户访问,其他用户将禁止
acl  goodguys  src  10.0.0.0/24
tcp-request content  accept  if  goodguys
tcp-request  content  reject
tcp-request content accept [{if | unless} <condition>]
Accept a connection if/unless a content inspection condition is matched
#用法二、将源IP为172.16.254.52的用户禁止、将403的错误重定向到其他服务器;
acl  badguy  src  172.16.254.52
block if badguy
errorloc  403  http://www.afwing.com/
#用法三、当用户访问172.16.1.100时,重定向到http://www.afwing.com
acl  dstipaddr  hdr(Host) 172.16.1.100
redirect  location   http://www.afwing.com if  dstipaddr
#用法四、读写分离:
acl  read method GET
acl  read method HEAD
acl write method PUT
acl write method POST
use_backend imgservers if read
use_backend uploadservers if write
#用法五、限制某个IP访问的路径(文件)
acl  badguy  src  172.16.254.52
acl  denyfile  path  /index.html
http-request deny if denyfile  badguy
#用法六、动静分离
acl url_static       path_beg       -i /static /p_w_picpaths /javascript /stylesheets
acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg .gif .png .css .js
#或者
acl url_static       path_end       -i .jpg$ .gif$ .png$ .css$ .js$
#或者
acl  url_static   hdr_beg(host)  -i  www
acl  url_static   hdr_beg(host)  -i  news. video. download. ftp.
use_backend static          if url_static
default_backend             app
backend static
    balance     roundrobin
     server      static 192.168.10.1:80 check maxconn 6000
    server      static 192.168.10.2:80 check maxconn 6000
backend app
    balance     roundrobin
    server  app1 192.168.10.3:80 check maxconn 1000
    server  app2 192.168.10.4:80 check maxconn 1000
#Additional examples
acl invalid_src  src          0.0.0.0/7 224.0.0.0/3
acl invalid_src  src_port     0:1023
acl local_dst    hdr(host) -i localhost
Move the login URL only to HTTPS.
acl clear      dst_port  80
acl secure     dst_port  8080
acl login_page url_beg   /login
acl logout     url_beg   /logout
acl uid_given  url_reg   /login?userid=[^&]+
acl cookie_set hdr_sub(cookie) SEEN=1
redirect prefix   https://mysite.com set-cookie SEEN=1 if !cookie_set
redirect prefix   https://mysite.com           if login_page !secure
redirect prefix   http://mysite.com drop-query if login_page !uid_given
redirect location http://mysite.com/           if !login_page secure
redirect location / clear-cookie USERID=       if logout



serverdefault-server options


backup :当后端服务器都发生故障时,由backup服务器发送错误页面:

haproxy服务器上启动http服务以apache为例,监听在127.0.0.1的某个端口:

[root@node1 haproxy]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Listen 127.0.0.1:8888
[root@node1 haproxy]# service httpd restart
Stopping httpd: [  OK  ]
Starting httpd: [  OK  ]
[root@node1 haproxy]# vi /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>
Sorry,our site is not in service.
Please try again later.
</h1>
[root@node1 haproxy]# vi /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
    frontend web
    bind 172.16.1.100:80
    default_backend webservers
    log 127.0.0.1:514 local2 info
    option httplog
    option forwardfor   except 127.0.0.0/8
    rspadd x-via:\ 172.16.1.1
    backend webservers
    balance uri
    hash-type map-based
    server node3.magedu.com 192.168.10.3:80 check weight 3
    server node4.magedu.com 192.168.10.4:80 check weight 1
    server backup.magedu.com 127.0.0.1:8888 backup


stats页面中将后端服务器禁用

122330724.png

结果就是:

122427470.png


fall<count> 检测失效的次数;

inter <delay> 检测的间隔

disabled 手动禁用服务器

maxconn <count>最大连接数

observe <mode> layer4”“layer7”观察模式

redir <prefix> 只能重定向HEADGET

# server node4.magedu.com 192.168.10.4:80 check weight 1 redir http://www.afwing.com


122521392.png


rise <count>检测多少次才算是成功;

slowstart 支持慢启动,第一次启动时不算;

weight 权重


monitor-uri,通过访问monitor-uri显示集群总体状况,

frontend   www
    mode http
    acl site_dead nbsrv(appservers) lt 2
    monitor-uri /test.html
    monitor fail if site_dead
backend appservers
    server node4.magedu.com   192.168.10.4:80 check
    server node3.magedu.com     192.168.10.3:80 check


下图所示,当后端主机少于2台时的状况。(可以通过手动disable后端一台主机查看情况)

122620607.png

当后端主机大于2台时:

122714288.png


更多信息请参考官方主站:http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/configuration-1.4.html