linux 硬盘相关命令,linux 硬盘相关命令学习

summary:

查看硬盘信息：几块硬盘，品牌，容量

查看分区信息

参考资料：

常用命令：

df (display fileSystem)

df displays the amount of disk space available on the file system containing each file name argument.  显示磁盘使用空间

机器1：

[root@bo ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use%Mounted on

/dev/mapper/vg_bo-lv_root 50G 12G 36G 24% /tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 33M 427M 8% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg_bo-lv_home 852G 231G 578G 29% /home

/　　根目录下有50G

tmpfs 占用16G (此目录作用？)

/boot 485M 已用33M 可用427M

/home 852G 已用231G 可用578G

机器2：

[root@wellav ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use%Mounted on

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_root

50G 16G 32G 34% /tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1 485M 32M 429M 7% /boot

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_home

11T 864G 8.8T 9% /home

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_tmp

197G 191M 187G 1% /tmp

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_usr

197G 1.3G 186G 1% /usr

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_var

197G 1.6G 186G 1% /var

通过机器1，2推测：FileSystem 为文件系统，相当与分区。1块硬盘可做多个分区(好比windows系统的C,D,E盘符)。/dev/sda1 是系统引导盘，系统有1块硬盘总容量大概12T。

/dev/mapper/vg_~ 是分区，机器2，把硬盘分了多个分区：

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_root

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_home

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_tmp

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_usr

/dev/mapper/vg_wellav-lv_var

2. lsblk

lsblk  lists  information  about all or the specified block devices.

机器1：

[root@bo sysbench]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda8:0 0 931G 0disk

├─sda18:1 0 500M 0 part /boot

└─sda28:2 0 930.5G 0part

├─vg_bo-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /├─vg_bo-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1 0 15.7G 0lvm [SWAP]

└─vg_bo-lv_home (dm-2) 253:2 0 864.8G 0 lvm /home

sr011:0 1 1024M 0 rom

机器2：

[root@wellav ~]# lsblk

NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda8:0 0 10.9T 0disk

├─sda18:1 0 500M 0 part /boot

└─sda28:2 0 10.9T 0part

├─vg_wellav-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /├─vg_wellav-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1 0 31.5G 0lvm [SWAP]

├─vg_wellav-lv_var (dm-2) 253:2 0 200G 0 lvm /var

├─vg_wellav-lv_home (dm-3) 253:3 0 10.3T 0 lvm /home

├─vg_wellav-lv_tmp (dm-4) 253:4 0 200G 0 lvm /tmp

└─vg_wellav-lv_usr (dm-5) 253:5 0 200G 0 lvm /usr

sr011:0 1 1024M 0 rom

其中type列：disk, part, lvm, rom; 确定了sda为硬盘，下分为2个分区sda1( boot分区)， sda2(系统分区)；sda2下分为多个虚拟分区(lvm)，挂载到不同目录。

关于磁盘分区，卷组，逻辑卷组，物理扩展，参见参考3

3. smartctl -a /dev/sda

查看硬盘厂商等信息，此工具需要单独安装；

[root@qa ~]# smartctl -a /dev/sda

smartctl5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-642.6.2.el6.x86_64] (local build)

Copyright (C)2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

Vendor: DELL

Product: PERC H710

Revision:3.13User Capacity:9,999,220,736,000 bytes [9.99TB]

Logical block size:512bytes

Logical Unitid: 0x6c81f660cd7589001d5afbf60f03b0c8Serial number: 00c8b0030ff6fb5a1d008975cd60f681

Device type: disk

Local Time is: Wed Nov23 11:28:58 2016UTC

Device does not support SMART

Error Counter logging not supported

Device does not support Self Test logging

dell品牌，型号 PERC H710, 容量：9.99TB；