数据库生成主键的几种策略(前言)
这里可以参考:基于按annotation的hibernate主键生成策略
使用UUID做主键
两种方式:
-
使用Hibernate 提供的Type 方式(建议方式)
下一篇博客更深入看一下自定义Type
@Id
@Column(name = "customer_id")
@org.hibernate.annotations.Type(type="org.hibernate.type.PostgresUUIDType")
private UUID id;
如果需要自动生成uuid,添加下面两个Annotation:
@GeneratedValue( generator = "uuid" )
@GenericGenerator(
name = "uuid",
strategy = "org.hibernate.id.UUIDGenerator",
parameters = {
@Parameter(
name = "uuid_gen_strategy_class",
value = "org.hibernate.id.uuid.CustomVersionOneStrategy"
)
}
)
- 使用Converter (自定义属性转换器)
//定义 converter
@Converter
public class UuidConverter implements AttributeConverter<UUID, Object> {
@Override
public Object convertToDatabaseColumn(UUID uuid) {
PGobject object = new PGobject();
object.setType("uuid");
try {
if (uuid == null) {
object.setValue(null);
} else {
object.setValue(uuid.toString());
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error when creating Postgres uuid", e);
}
return object;
}
@Override
public UUID convertToEntityAttribute(Object dbData) {
return (UUID) dbData;
}
}
// 使用
@Entity(name = "Event")
public static class Event {
@Id
@Convert(converter = UuidConverter.class)
private UUID id;
//Getters and setters are omitted for brevity
}
更多讨论: 为什么不使用 String id ,然后将UUID 转换成 String 在get 和 set 方法中,这里有一些性能的问题,还待深入理解? (pgsql 支持uuid 类型)
The PostgreSQL JDBC driver has chosen an unfortunately way to represent non-JDBC-standard type codes. They simply map all of them to Types.OTHER. Long story short, you need to enable a special Hibernate type mapping for handling UUID mappings (to columns of the postgres-specific uuid datatype):
自定义主键生成策略
继承自IdentifierGenerator,这里使用org.bson.types.ObjectId做主键
public class StringIdGenerator implements IdentifierGenerator {
public StringIdGenerator(){}
@Override
public Serializable generate(SessionImplementor session, Object object) throws HibernateException {
return ObjectId.get().toString();
}
}
使用:
@Id
@Column(name = "id")
@GeneratedValue(generator = "bson-id")
@GenericGenerator(
name = "bson-id",
strategy = "com.social.credits.data.generator.StringIdGenerator"
)
private String id;
更多的细节(定义参数等)请自行查看文档,这里给个入门。
参考:
Persisting UUID in PostgreSQL using JPA
UUID Primary Keys in PostgreSQL