An Introduction to Bioinformatics Algorithms (Computational Molecular Biology)

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WILEY SERIES IN MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY Editor-in-Chief Simon Levin Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, USA Associate Editors Zvia Agur, Tel-Aviv University, Israel Odo Diekmann, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands Marcus Feldman, Stanford University, USA Bryan Grenfell, Cambridge University, UK Philip Maini, Oxford University, UK Martin Nowak, Oxford University, UK Karl Sigmund, University of Vienna, Austria CHAPLAIN/SINGH/MCLACHLAN—On Growth and Form: Spatio-temporal Pattern Formation in Biology CHRISTIANSEN—Population Genetics of Multiple Loci CLOTE/BACKOFEN—Computational Molecular Biology: An Introduction DIEKMANN/HEESTERBEEK—Mathematical Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: Model Building, Analysis and Interpretation Reflecting the rapidly growing interest and research in the field of mathematical biology, this outstanding new book series examines the integration of mathematical and computational methods into biological work. It also encourages the advancement of theoretical and quantitative approaches to biology, and the development of biological organisation and function. The scope of the series is broad, ranging from molecular structure and processes to the dynamics of ecosystems and the biosphere, but unified through evolutionary and physical principles, and the interplay of processes across scales of biological organisation. Topics to be covered in the series include: • Cell and molecular biology • Functional morphology and physiology • Neurobiology and higher function • Immunology • Epidemiology • Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of interacting populations A fundamental research tool, the Wiley Series in Mathematical and Computational Biology provides essential and invaluable reading for biomathematicians and development biologists, as well as graduate students and researchers in mathematical biology and epidemiology.
Chapter 1 presents fundamental concepts from molecular biology. We describe the basicstructure and function of proteins and nucleic acids, the mechanisms of molecular genetics,the most important laboratory techniques for studying the genome of organisms, andan overview of existing sequence databases.Chapter 2 describes strings and graphs, two of the most important mathematical objectsused in the book. A brief exposition of general concepts of algorithms and theiranalysis is also given, covering definitions from the theory of NP-completeness.The following chapters are based on specific problems in molecular biology. Chapter3 deals with sequence comparison. The basic two-sequence problem is studied andthe classic dynamic programming algorithm is given. We then study extensions of thisalgorithm, which are used to deal with more general cases of the problem. A section is devotedto the multiple-sequence comparison problem. Other sections deal with programsused in database searches, and with some other miscellaneous issues.Chapter 4 covers the fragment assembly problem. This problem arises when a DNAsequence is broken into small fragments, which must then be assembled to reconstitutethe original molecule. This is a technique widely used in large-scale sequencing projects,such as the Human Genome Project. We show how various complications make thisproblem quite hard to solve. We then present some models for simplified versions of theproblem. Later sections deal with algorithms and heuristics based on these models.Chapter 5 covers the physical mapping problem. This can be considered as fragmentassembly on a larger scale. Fragments are much longer, and for this reason assemblytechniques are completely different. The aim is to obtain the location of some markersalong the original DNA molecule. A brief survey of techniques and models is given.We then describe an algorithm for th
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