以太网中的链路类型(HUAWEI)
今天我们简要来谈一下在以太网中的各种链路类型,也就是说在交换设备中端口的类型,来简单说明一下它们的不同点。Access端口只能属于一个vlan,一般用于连接我们的终端pc机。Trunk端口可以属于多个vlan,可以接受和发送多个不同vlan的报文,因此一般都被用在交换机之间。Hybrid端口可以属于多个vlan,同样可以接受和发送多个不同vlan的报文,可以用在交换机之间的连接,也经常被用在链接用户的计算机。对于trunk端口和hybrid端口最大的不同点在于,trunk端口只允许缺省vlan的报文经过时不打标签,而hybrid端口可以允许多个vlan的不打标签的报文通过它。下面我们就去深入的了解一下各个类型端口的内容和特点。
Access类型:
对于access端口只能属于1个vlan,它的缺省vlan就是所在vlan,不用去设置,access端口可以直接被设为trunk或者hybrid端口,但是被设置后要再去设置缺省vlan。
下面是access端口接受报文和发送报文时的处理情况:
*对接收报文的处理:
1.当接收到的报文不带Tag时(没有被打标签),接收该报文,并为报文添加缺省的vlan的Tag
2.当接收到的报文带有Tag时(已经被打标签),当vlan id与缺省的vlan id相同时接收该报文,当vlan id与缺省vlan id不同时丢弃该报文
*发送报文时的处理:
由于vlan id就是缺省vlan id所以不用设置,去掉Tag后直接发送
Trunk类型:
Trunk端口可以属于多个vlan,所以要设置一个缺省vlan值,trunk端口不能直接被设置为hybrid端口,需要先设置为access端口再设置为hybrid端口。
下面是trunk端口接受报文和发送报文时的处理情况:
*对接收报文的处理:
1.当接收到的报文不带Tag时(没有被打标签),接收该报文,并为报文添加缺省的vlan的Tag
2.当接收到的报文带有Tag时(已经被打标签),当vlan id与缺省的vlan id相同时接收该报文,当vlan id与缺省vlan id不同时,若vlan id是该端口允许通过的vlan id时接收该报文,当vlan id与缺省vlan id不同时,若vlan id是该端口拒绝通过的vlan id时丢弃该报文。
*发送报文时的处理:
1.当vlan id和缺省vlan id相同时,发送该报文时要去掉Tag的值
2.当vlan id和缺省vlan id不同时,保持原有的Tag再发送该报文
这是一个关于access端口和trunk端口处理接收发送报文时的情况:
Vlan10的Pc1向vlan10的pc3发送报文
缺省vlan的pc5向缺省vlan的pc6发送报文
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/17fe59f1f773557c99ed5bdea40bb658.png)
Hybrid类型:
Hybird端口同Trunk端口类似,属于多个vlan,所以要设置一个缺省vlan值
下面是trunk端口接受报文和发送报文时的处理情况:
*对接收报文的处理:
1.当接收到的报文不带Tag时(没有被打标签),接收该报文,并为报文添加缺省的vlan的Tag
2.当接收到的报文带有Tag时(已经被打标签),当vlan id与缺省的vlan id相同时接收该报文,当vlan id与缺省vlan id不同时,若vlan id是该端口允许通过的vlan id时接收该报文,当vlan id与缺省vlan id不同时,若vlan id是该端口拒绝通过的vlan id时丢弃该报文。
*发送报文时的处理:
1.当vlan id和缺省vlan id相同时,发送该报文时要去掉Tag的值
2.当vlan id和缺省vlan id不同时,发送该报文,但是可以配置该端口是否带有Tag,带有Tag:port hybrid vlan vlan-id-list tagged不带则改成untagged
接下来是一个假设的案例:
假设只有一个二层交换机,链接公司内网的主机,内网分为两个vlan,员工vlan:vlan10领导vlan:vlan20,为了让领导在上班期间能够监控员工上班时的上网情况,能使两个vlan能通讯,我们可以把端口设为hybrid即可:
设备:huawei二层交换机、两台pc
拓扑:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/cf6ab34d76622598c4a63c46a482342d.png)
参考配置:
[Quidway]dis cu
#
sysname Quidway
#
radius scheme system
#
domain system
#
vlan 1
#
vlan 10
#
vlan 20
#
interface Aux1/0/0
#
interface Ethernet1/0/1
#
interface Ethernet1/0/2
#
interface Ethernet1/0/3
#
interface Ethernet1/0/4
#
interface Ethernet1/0/5
#
interface Ethernet1/0/6
#
interface Ethernet1/0/7
#
interface Ethernet1/0/8
#
interface Ethernet1/0/9
#
interface Ethernet1/0/10
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid vlan 10 20 untagged
undo port hybrid vlan 1
port hybrid pvid vlan 10
#
interface Ethernet1/0/11
#
interface Ethernet1/0/12
#
interface Ethernet1/0/13
#
interface Ethernet1/0/14
#
interface Ethernet1/0/15
#
interface Ethernet1/0/16
#
interface Ethernet1/0/17
#
interface Ethernet1/0/18
#
interface Ethernet1/0/19
#
interface Ethernet1/0/20
port link-type hybrid
port hybrid vlan 10 20 untagged
undo port hybrid vlan 1
port hybrid pvid vlan 20
#
interface Ethernet1/0/21
#
interface Ethernet1/0/22
#
interface Ethernet1/0/23
#
interface Ethernet1/0/24
#
interface NULL0
#
user-interface aux 0
user-interface vty 0 4
#
return
[Quidway]dis interface Ethernet 1/0/10
Ethernet1/0/10 current state : UP
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e285-2086
Media type is twisted pair, loopback not set
Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX
100Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex mode
Link speed type is autonegotiation, link duplex type is autonegotiation
Flow-control is not enabled
The Maximum Frame Length is 1536
Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100%
PVID: 10
Mdi type: normal
Port link-type: hybrid
Tagged VLAN ID : none
Untagged VLAN ID : 10, 20
Last 300 seconds input: 0 packets/sec 62 bytes/sec
Last 300 seconds output: 1 packets/sec 121 bytes/sec
Input(total): 175 packets, 20474 bytes
105 broadcasts, 31 multicasts, 0 pauses
Input(normal): 175 packets, 20474 bytes
105 broadcasts, 31 multicasts, 0 pauses
Input: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC
0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, - ignored, - parity errors
Output(total): 350 packets, 39751 bytes
211 broadcasts, 127 multicasts, 0 pauses
Output(normal): 350 packets, - bytes
211 broadcasts, 127 multicasts, - pauses
Output: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures
0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisions
- lost carrier, - no carrier
[Quidway]dis interface Ethernet 1/0/20
Ethernet1/0/20 current state : UP
IP Sending Frames' Format is PKTFMT_ETHNT_2, Hardware address is 000f-e285-2086
Media type is twisted pair, loopback not set
Port hardware type is 100_BASE_TX
100Mbps-speed mode, full-duplex mode
Link speed type is autonegotiation, link duplex type is autonegotiation
Flow-control is not enabled
The Maximum Frame Length is 1536
Broadcast MAX-ratio: 100%
PVID: 20
Mdi type: normal
Port link-type: hybrid
Tagged VLAN ID : none
Untagged VLAN ID : 10, 20
Last 300 seconds input: 1 packets/sec 121 bytes/sec
Last 300 seconds output: 0 packets/sec 7 bytes/sec
Input(total): 352 packets, 39593 bytes
220 broadcasts, 120 multicasts, 0 pauses
Input(normal): 352 packets, 39593 bytes
220 broadcasts, 120 multicasts, 0 pauses
Input: 0 input errors, 0 runts, 0 giants, - throttles, 0 CRC
0 frame, - overruns, 0 aborts, - ignored, - parity errors
Output(total): 22 packets, 2542 bytes
2 broadcasts, 7 multicasts, 0 pauses
Output(normal): 22 packets, - bytes
2 broadcasts, 7 multicasts, - pauses
Output: 0 output errors, - underruns, - buffer failures
0 aborts, 0 deferred, 0 collisions, 0 late collisions
- lost carrier, - no carrier
测试:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/ea50e79f4fd7f638bd2f861319962296.png)
测试发现vlan10也是能访问vlan20的,我们只是假设来了解hybrid端口的功能,如果有需要还是可以再设计方案的。
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/xuet118/1179597