实验：调整路由的AD值

【实验名称】调整路由的AD值 (注意：PT有可能不支持distance 99 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0这条命令，所以我们做实验的时候最好用小凡模拟器)

【实验目的】通过调整路由的管理距离值，实现路由的管理和控制

【实验背景】某企业的3台路由器（RA、RB、RC）运行了RIP路由协议，RA分别与RB、RC连接

【需求分析】通过配置RA的管理距离，使RA只能学到RB的通告路由，并忽略所有路由器的路由，且从RB学到路由的管理距离为99.

【实验拓扑】


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【实验设备】路由器3台

【预备知识】路由器基本配置知识、IP路由知识、RIP

【实验原理】修改管理距离来过滤和控制路由

【实验步骤】

步骤1：在路由器上配置IP路由选择和IP地址

Router>enable

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#no ip domain lookup

Router(config)#hostname RzA

RzA(config)#int fa0/0

RzA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

RzA(config-if)#no shut

RzA(config-if)#exit

RzA(config)#int fa0/1

RzA(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

RzA(config-if)#no shut

RzA(config-if)#exit

RzA(config)#int lo0

RzA(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

RzA(config-if)#no shut

RzA(config-if)#

Router>enable

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#no ip domain lookup

Router(config)#hostname RzB

RzB(config)#int fa0/0

RzB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

RzB(config-if)#no shut

RzB(config-if)#exit

RzB(config)#int lo0

RzB(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

RzB(config-if)#no shut

RzB(config-if)#

Router>enable

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#no ip domain lookup

Router(config)#hostname RzC

RzC(config)#int fa0/0

RzC(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

RzC(config-if)#no shut

RzC(config-if)#exit

RzC(config)#int lo0

RzC(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

RzC(config-if)#no shut

RzC(config-if)#

步骤2：配置RIP协议

RzA(config-if)#exit

RzA(config)#router rip

RzA(config-router)#version 2

RzA(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

RzA(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

RzA(config-router)#network 10.1.1.0

RzA(config-router)#no auto-summary

RzA(config-router)#end

RzA#write

Building configuration...

[OK]

RzA#

RzB(config-if)#exit

RzB(config)#router rip

RzB(config-router)#version 2

RzB(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

RzB(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0

RzB(config-router)#no auto-summary

RzB(config-router)#end

RzB#write

Building configuration...

[OK]

RzB#

RzC(config-if)#exit

RzC(config)#router rip

RzC(config-router)#version 2

RzC(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

RzC(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0

RzC(config-router)#no auto-summary

RzC(config-router)#end

%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

RzC#write

Building configuration...

[OK]

RzC#

步骤3：修改管理距离

RzA(config)#router rip

RzA(config-router)#distance 255

RzA(config-router)#distance 99 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0

步骤4：验证测试

在路由器A上用命令show ip route 和show ip rip来验证配置

RzA#show ip route

Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP

i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area

* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR

P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

R 192.168.10.0/24 [99/1] via 192.168.1.2, 00:00:14, FastEthernet0/0

R 192.168.20.0/24 [99/1] via 192.168.2.2, 00:00:13, FastEthernet0/1

RzA#

RzA#ping 192.168.20.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms

RzA#

RzB#ping 10.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 15/28/32 ms

RzB#

RzC>ping 192.168.10.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/63 ms

RzC>

参考配置：

RzA#show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 664 bytes

!

version 12.4

no service timestamps log datetime msec

no service timestamps debug datetime msec

no service password-encryption

!

hostname RzA

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

no ip domain-lookup

!

!

!

!

!

!

interface Loopback0

ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed auto

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed auto

!

interface Vlan1

no ip address

shutdown

!

router rip

version 2

network 10.0.0.0

network 192.168.1.0

network 192.168.2.0

distance 255

distance 99 192.168.1.2 0.0.0.0

no auto-summary

!

ip classless

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

line con 0

line vty 0 4

login

!

!

!

end

RzA#

RzB#show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 625 bytes

!

version 12.4

no service timestamps log datetime msec

no service timestamps debug datetime msec

no service password-encryption

!

hostname RzB

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

no ip domain-lookup

!

!

!

!

!

!

interface Loopback0

ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed auto

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

shutdown

!

interface Vlan1

no ip address

shutdown

!

router rip

version 2

network 192.168.1.0

network 192.168.10.0

no auto-summary

!

ip classless

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

line con 0

line vty 0 4

login

!

!

!

end

RzB#

RzC#show running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration : 625 bytes

!

version 12.4

no service timestamps log datetime msec

no service timestamps debug datetime msec

no service password-encryption

!

hostname RzC

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

no ip domain-lookup

!

!

!

!

!

!

interface Loopback0

ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

!

interface FastEthernet0/0

ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0

duplex auto

speed auto

!

interface FastEthernet0/1

no ip address

duplex auto

speed auto

shutdown

!

interface Vlan1

no ip address

shutdown

!

router rip

version 2

network 192.168.2.0

network 192.168.20.0

no auto-summary

!

ip classless

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

line con 0

line vty 0 4

login

!

!

!

end

RzC#


【实验总结】

通过本节课的学习，通过调整路由的管理距离，实现路由的过滤和控制。