1.DoFactory.GangOfFour.Abstract.Structural
Abstract Factory：提供一个创建一系列相关或相互依赖对象的接口，而无需指定它们具体的类。
工厂模式：客户类和工厂类分开。消费者任何时候需要某种产品，只需向工厂请求即可。
消费者无须修改就可以接纳新产品。缺点是当产品修改时，工厂类也要做相应的修改。如：如何创建及如何向客户端提供。
Code
using System;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Abstract.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Structural
/// Abstract Factory Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
public static void Main()
{
// Abstract factory #1
AbstractFactory factory1 = new ConcreteFactory1();
Client client1 = new Client(factory1);
client1.Run();
// Abstract factory #2
AbstractFactory factory2 = new ConcreteFactory2();
Client client2 = new Client(factory2);
client2.Run();
// Wait for user input
Console.Read();
}
}
// "AbstractFactory"
abstract class AbstractFactory
{
public abstract AbstractProductA CreateProductA();
public abstract AbstractProductB CreateProductB();
}
// "ConcreteFactory1"
class ConcreteFactory1 : AbstractFactory
{
public override AbstractProductA CreateProductA()
{
return new ProductA1();
}
public override AbstractProductB CreateProductB()
{
return new ProductB1();
}
}
// "ConcreteFactory2"
class ConcreteFactory2 : AbstractFactory
{
public override AbstractProductA CreateProductA()
{
return new ProductA2();
}
public override AbstractProductB CreateProductB()
{
return new ProductB2();
}
}
// "AbstractProductA"
abstract class AbstractProductA
{
}
// "AbstractProductB"
abstract class AbstractProductB
{
public abstract void Interact(AbstractProductA a);
}
// "ProductA1"
class ProductA1 : AbstractProductA
{
}
// "ProductB1"
class ProductB1 : AbstractProductB
{
public override void Interact(AbstractProductA a)
{
Console.WriteLine(this.GetType().Name +
" interacts with " + a.GetType().Name);
}
}
// "ProductA2"
class ProductA2 : AbstractProductA
{
}
// "ProductB2"
class ProductB2 : AbstractProductB
{
public override void Interact(AbstractProductA a)
{
Console.WriteLine(this.GetType().Name +
" interacts with " + a.GetType().Name);
}
}
// "Client" - the interaction environment of the products
class Client
{
private AbstractProductA AbstractProductA;
private AbstractProductB AbstractProductB;
// Constructor
public Client(AbstractFactory factory)
{
AbstractProductB = factory.CreateProductB();
AbstractProductA = factory.CreateProductA();
}
public void Run()
{
AbstractProductB.Interact(AbstractProductA);
}
}
}
2.DoFactory.GangOfFour.Adapter.Structural
Adapter：将一个类的接口转换成客户希望的另一个接口，使得原来由于接口不兼容而不能一起工作的那些类可以一起工作。
适配器(变压器)模式：把一个类的接口变换成客户端所期待的另一种接口，从而使原本因接口原因不匹配而无法一起工作的两个类能够一起工作。适配类可以根据参数返还一个合适的实例给客户端。
Code
using System;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Adapter.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Structural
/// Adapter Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
static void Main()
{
// Create adapter and place a request
Target target = new Adapter();
target.Request();
// Wait for user
Console.Read();
}
}
// "Target"
class Target
{
public virtual void Request()
{
Console.WriteLine("Called Target Request()");
}
}
// "Adapter"
class Adapter : Target
{
private Adaptee adaptee = new Adaptee();
public override void Request()
{
// Possibly do some other work
// and then call SpecificRequest
adaptee.SpecificRequest();
}
}
// "Adaptee"
class Adaptee
{
public void SpecificRequest()
{
Console.WriteLine("Called SpecificRequest()");
}
}
}
3.DoFactory.GangOfFour.Bridge.Structural
Bridge：将抽象部分与它的实现部分分离，使之可以独立变化。
桥梁模式：将抽象化与实现化脱耦，使得二者可以独立的变化，也就是说将他们之间的强关联变成弱关联，也就是指在一个软件系统的抽象化和实现化之间使用组合/聚合关系而不是继承关系，从而使两者可以独立的变化。
Code
using System;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Bridge.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Structural
/// Bridge Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
static void Main()
{
Abstraction ab = new RefinedAbstraction();
// Set implementation and call
ab.Implementor = new ConcreteImplementorA();
ab.Operation();
// Change implemention and call
ab.Implementor = new ConcreteImplementorB();
ab.Operation();
// Wait for user
Console.Read();
}
}
// "Abstraction"
class Abstraction
{
protected Implementor implementor;
// Property
public Implementor Implementor
{
set{ implementor = value; }
}
public virtual void Operation()
{
implementor.Operation();
}
}
// "Implementor"
abstract class Implementor
{
public abstract void Operation();
}
// "RefinedAbstraction"
class RefinedAbstraction : Abstraction
{
public override void Operation()
{
implementor.Operation();
}
}
// "ConcreteImplementorA"
class ConcreteImplementorA : Implementor
{
public override void Operation()
{
Console.WriteLine("ConcreteImplementorA Operation");
}
}
// "ConcreteImplementorB"
class ConcreteImplementorB : Implementor
{
public override void Operation()
{
Console.WriteLine("ConcreteImplementorB Operation");
}
}
}
4.DoFactory.GangOfFour.Builder.Structural
Builder:将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。
建造者模式：将产品的内部表象和产品的生成过程分割开来，从而使一个建造过程生成具有不同的内部表象的产品对象。建造模式使得产品内部表象可以独立的变化，客户不必知道产品内部组成的细节。建造模式可以强制实行一种分步骤进行的建造过程。
Code
using System;
using System.Collections;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Builder.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Real-World
/// Builder Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
public class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
public static void Main()
{
// Create director and builders
Director director = new Director();
Builder b1 = new ConcreteBuilder1();
Builder b2 = new ConcreteBuilder2();
// Construct two products
director.Construct(b1);
Product p1 = b1.GetResult();
p1.Show();
director.Construct(b2);
Product p2 = b2.GetResult();
p2.Show();
// Wait for user
Console.Read();
}
}
// "Director"
class Director
{
// Builder uses a complex series of steps
public void Construct(Builder builder)
{
builder.BuildPartA();
builder.BuildPartB();
}
}
// "Builder"
abstract class Builder
{
public abstract void BuildPartA();
public abstract void BuildPartB();
public abstract Product GetResult();
}
// "ConcreteBuilder1"
class ConcreteBuilder1 : Builder
{
private Product product = new Product();
public override void BuildPartA()
{
product.Add("PartA");
}
public override void BuildPartB()
{
product.Add("PartB");
}
public override Product GetResult()
{
return product;
}
}
// "ConcreteBuilder2"
class ConcreteBuilder2 : Builder
{
private Product product = new Product();
public override void BuildPartA()
{
product.Add("PartX");
}
public override void BuildPartB()
{
product.Add("PartY");
}
public override Product GetResult()
{
return product;
}
}
// "Product"
class Product
{
ArrayList parts = new ArrayList();
public void Add(string part)
{
parts.Add(part);
}
public void Show()
{
Console.WriteLine("\nProduct Parts -------");
foreach (string part in parts)
Console.WriteLine(part);
}
}
}
5.DoFactory.GangOfFour.Chain.Structural
Chain of Responsibility：为解除请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合，而使多个对象有机会处
理这个请求。将这些请求连成一个链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有个对象处理它。
责任链模式：在责任链模式中，很多对象由每一个对象对其下家的引用而接起来形成一条链。请求在这个链上传递，直到链上的某一个对象决定处理此请求。客户并不知道链上的哪一个对象最终处理这个请求，系统可以在不影响客户端的情况下动态的重新组织链和分配责任。处理者有两个选择：承担责任或者把责任推给下家。一个请求可以最终不被任何接收端对象所接受。
Code
using System;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Chain.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Structural
/// Chain of Responsibility Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
static void Main()
{
// Setup Chain of Responsibility
Handler h1 = new ConcreteHandler1();
Handler h2 = new ConcreteHandler2();
Handler h3 = new ConcreteHandler3();
h1.SetSuccessor(h2);
h2.SetSuccessor(h3);
// Generate and process request
int[] requests = {2, 5, 14, 22, 18, 3, 27, 20};
foreach (int request in requests)
{
h1.HandleRequest(request);
}
// Wait for user
Console.Read();
}
}
// "Handler"
abstract class Handler
{
protected Handler successor;
public void SetSuccessor(Handler successor)
{
this.successor = successor;
}
public abstract void HandleRequest(int request);
}
// "ConcreteHandler1"
class ConcreteHandler1 : Handler
{
public override void HandleRequest(int request)
{
if (request >= 0 && request < 10)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} handled request {1}",
this.GetType().Name, request);
}
else if (successor != null)
{
successor.HandleRequest(request);
}
}
}
// "ConcreteHandler2"
class ConcreteHandler2 : Handler
{
public override void HandleRequest(int request)
{
if (request >= 10 && request < 20)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} handled request {1}",
this.GetType().Name, request);
}
else if (successor != null)
{
successor.HandleRequest(request);
}
}
}
// "ConcreteHandler3"
class ConcreteHandler3 : Handler
{
public override void HandleRequest(int request)
{
if (request >= 20 && request < 30)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} handled request {1}",
this.GetType().Name, request);
}
else if (successor != null)
{
successor.HandleRequest(request);
}
}
}
}
6.DoFactory.GangOfFour.Command.Structural
Command：将一个请求封装为一个对象，从而使你可以用不同的请求对客户进行参数化；对请求排队或记录请求日志，以及支持可以取消的操作。
命令模式：命令模式把一个请求或者操作封装到一个对象中。命令模式把发出命令的责任和执行命令的责任分割开，委派给不同的对象。命令模式允许请求的一方和发送的一方独立开来，使得请求的一方不必知道接收请求的一方的接口，更不必知道请求是怎么被接收，以及操作是否执行，何时被执行以及是怎么被执行的。系统支持命令的撤消。
Code
using System;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Command.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Structural
/// Command Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
static void Main()
{
// Create receiver, command, and invoker
Receiver receiver = new Receiver();
Command command = new ConcreteCommand(receiver);
Invoker invoker = new Invoker();
// Set and execute command
invoker.SetCommand(command);
invoker.ExecuteCommand();
// Wait for user
Console.Read();
}
}
// "Command"
abstract class Command
{
protected Receiver receiver;
// Constructor
public Command(Receiver receiver)
{
this.receiver = receiver;
}
public abstract void Execute();
}
// "ConcreteCommand"
class ConcreteCommand : Command
{
// Constructor
public ConcreteCommand(Receiver receiver) :
base(receiver)
{
}
public override void Execute()
{
receiver.Action();
}
}
// "Receiver"
class Receiver
{
public void Action()
{
Console.WriteLine("Called Receiver.Action()");
}
}
// "Invoker"
class Invoker
{
private Command command;
public void SetCommand(Command command)
{
this.command = command;
}
public void ExecuteCommand()
{
command.Execute();
}
}
}
7.DoFactory.GangOfFour.Composite.Structural
Composite：将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分－整体”的层次结构。Composite使得客户对单个对象和复合对象的使用具有一致性。
合成模式：合成模式将对象组织到树结构中，可以用来描述整体与部分的关系。合成模式就是一个处理对象的树结构的模式。合成模式把部分与整体的关系用树结构表示出来。合成模式使得客户端把一个个单独的成分对象和由他们复合而成的合成对象同等看待。
Code
using System;
using System.Collections;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Composite.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Structural
/// Composite Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
static void Main()
{
// Create a tree structure
Composite root = new Composite("root");
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf A"));
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf B"));
Composite comp = new Composite("Composite X");
comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XA"));
comp.Add(new Leaf("Leaf XB"));
root.Add(comp);
root.Add(new Leaf("Leaf C"));
// Add and remove a leaf
Leaf leaf = new Leaf("Leaf D");
root.Add(leaf);
root.Remove(leaf);
// Recursively display tree
root.Display(1);
// Wait for user
Console.Read();
}
}
// "Component"
abstract class Component
{
protected string name;
// Constructor
public Component(string name)
{
this.name = name;
}
public abstract void Add(Component c);
public abstract void Remove(Component c);
public abstract void Display(int depth);
}
// "Composite"
class Composite : Component
{
private ArrayList children = new ArrayList();
// Constructor
public Composite(string name) : base(name)
{
}
public override void Add(Component component)
{
children.Add(component);
}
public override void Remove(Component component)
{
children.Remove(component);
}
public override void Display(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + name);
// Recursively display child nodes
foreach (Component component in children)
{
component.Display(depth + 2);
}
}
}
// "Leaf"
class Leaf : Component
{
// Constructor
public Leaf(string name) : base(name)
{
}
public override void Add(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cannot add to a leaf");
}
public override void Remove(Component c)
{
Console.WriteLine("Cannot remove from a leaf");
}
public override void Display(int depth)
{
Console.WriteLine(new String('-', depth) + name);
}
}
}
8. DoFactory.GangOfFour.Decorator.Structural
Decorator：动态地给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就扩展功能而言，Decorator模式比生成子类方式更加灵活。
装饰模式：装饰模式以对客户端透明的方式扩展对象的功能，是继承关系的一个替代方案，提供比继承更多的灵活性。动态给一个对象增加功能，这些功能可以再动态的撤消。增加由一些基本功能的排列组合而产生的非常大量的功能。
Code
using System;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Decorator.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Structural
/// Decorator Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
static void Main()
{
// Create ConcreteComponent and two Decorators
ConcreteComponent c = new ConcreteComponent();
ConcreteDecoratorA d1 = new ConcreteDecoratorA();
ConcreteDecoratorB d2 = new ConcreteDecoratorB();
// Link decorators
d1.SetComponent(c);
d2.SetComponent(d1);
d2.Operation();
// Wait for user
Console.Read();
}
}
// "Component"
abstract class Component
{
public abstract void Operation();
}
// "ConcreteComponent"
class ConcreteComponent : Component
{
public override void Operation()
{
Console.WriteLine("ConcreteComponent.Operation()");
}
}
// "Decorator"
abstract class Decorator : Component
{
protected Component component;
public void SetComponent(Component component)
{
this.component = component;
}
public override void Operation()
{
if (component != null)
{
component.Operation();
}
}
}
// "ConcreteDecoratorA"
class ConcreteDecoratorA : Decorator
{
private string addedState;
public override void Operation()
{
base.Operation();
addedState = "New State";
Console.WriteLine("ConcreteDecoratorA.Operation()");
}
}
// "ConcreteDecoratorB"
class ConcreteDecoratorB : Decorator
{
public override void Operation()
{
base.Operation();
AddedBehavior();
Console.WriteLine("ConcreteDecoratorB.Operation()");
}
void AddedBehavior()
{
}
}
}
9.DoFactory.GangOfFour.Facade.Structural
Facade：为子系统中的一组接口提供一个一致的界面，Facade模式定义了一个高层接口，使得这个子系统更加容易使用。
门面模式：外部与一个子系统的通信必须通过一个统一的门面对象进行。门面模式提供一个高层次的接口，使得子系统更易于使用。每一个子系统只有一个门面类，而且此门面类只有一个实例，也就是说它是一个单例模式。但整个系统可以有多个门面类。
Code
using System;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Facade.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Structural
/// Facade Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
public static void Main()
{
Facade facade = new Facade();
facade.MethodA();
facade.MethodB();
// Wait for user
Console.Read();
}
}
// "Subsystem ClassA"
class SubSystemOne
{
public void MethodOne()
{
Console.WriteLine(" SubSystemOne Method");
}
}
// Subsystem ClassB"
class SubSystemTwo
{
public void MethodTwo()
{
Console.WriteLine(" SubSystemTwo Method");
}
}
// Subsystem ClassC"
class SubSystemThree
{
public void MethodThree()
{
Console.WriteLine(" SubSystemThree Method");
}
}
// Subsystem ClassD"
class SubSystemFour
{
public void MethodFour()
{
Console.WriteLine(" SubSystemFour Method");
}
}
// "Facade"
class Facade
{
SubSystemOne one;
SubSystemTwo two;
SubSystemThree three;
SubSystemFour four;
public Facade()
{
one = new SubSystemOne();
two = new SubSystemTwo();
three = new SubSystemThree();
four = new SubSystemFour();
}
public void MethodA()
{
Console.WriteLine("\nMethodA() ---- ");
one.MethodOne();
two.MethodTwo();
four.MethodFour();
}
public void MethodB()
{
Console.WriteLine("\nMethodB() ---- ");
two.MethodTwo();
three.MethodThree();
}
}
}
10.DoFactory.GangOfFour.Factory.Structural
Factory Method：定义一个用于创建对象的接口，让子类决定将哪一个类实例化。Factory Method让一个类的实例化延迟到子类。
工厂方法模式：核心工厂类不再负责所有产品的创建，而是将具体创建的工作交给子类去做，成为一个抽象工厂角色，仅负责给出具体工厂类必须实现的接口，而不接触哪一个产品类应当被实例化这种细节。
Code
using System;
using System.Collections;
namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Factory.Structural
{
/// <summary>
/// MainApp startup class for Structural
/// Factory Method Design Pattern.
/// </summary>
class MainApp
{
/// <summary>
/// Entry point into console application.
/// </summary>
static void Main()
{
// An array of creators
Creator[] creators = new Creator[2];
creators[0] = new ConcreteCreatorA();
creators[1] = new ConcreteCreatorB();
// Iterate over creators and create products
foreach(Creator creator in creators)
{
Product product = creator.FactoryMethod();
Console.WriteLine("Created {0}",
product.GetType().Name);
}
// Wait for user
Console.Read();
}
}
// "Product"
abstract class Product
{
}
// "ConcreteProductA"
class ConcreteProductA : Product
{
}
// "ConcreteProductB"
class ConcreteProductB : Product
{
}
// "Creator"
abstract class Creator
{
public abstract Product FactoryMethod();
}
// "ConcreteCreator"
class ConcreteCreatorA : Creator
{
public override Product FactoryMethod()
{
return new ConcreteProductA();
}
}
// "ConcreteCreator"
class ConcreteCreatorB : Creator
{
public override Product FactoryMethod()
{
return new ConcreteProductB();
}
}
}
设计原则及分类介绍:
http://www.cnblogs.com/furenjun/archive/2010/03/01/designPatterns.html
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