java23种设计模式代码

java中的设计模式有23种:

创建型模式,共五种:工厂方法模式、抽象工厂模式、单例模式、建造者模式、原型模式。

结构型模式,共七种:适配器模式、装饰器模式、代理模式、外观模式、桥接模式、组合模式、享元模式。

行为型模式,共十一种:策略模式、模板方法模式、观察者模式、迭代子模式、责任链模式、命令模式、备忘录模式、状态模式、访问者模式、中介者模式、解释器模式。

其实还有两种: 并发型模式和线程池模式。


接下来贴出每种设计模式的代码:

一、工厂模式

1、简单工厂模式

public interface Sender {  
    public void Send();  
}  
public class MailSender implements Sender {  
    @Override  
    public void Send() {  
        System.out.println("this is mailsender!");  
    }  
}  
public class SmsSender implements Sender {  
  
    @Override  
    public void Send() {  
        System.out.println("this is sms sender!");  
    }  
}  
建立工厂类:

public class SendFactory {  
  
    public Sender produce(String type) {  
        if ("mail".equals(type)) {  
            return new MailSender();  
        } else if ("sms".equals(type)) {  
            return new SmsSender();  
        } else {  
            System.out.println("请输入正确的类型!");  
            return null;  
        }  
    }  
} 
测试:

public class FactoryTest {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        SendFactory factory = new SendFactory();  
        Sender sender = factory.produce("sms");  
        sender.Send();  
    }  
}  
2、工厂方法模式

把上面的SendFactory改动下:

public class SendFactory {  
   public Sender produceMail(){  
        return new MailSender();  
    }  
      
    public Sender produceSms(){  
        return new SmsSender();  
    }  
}  
测试:

public class FactoryTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        SendFactory factory = new SendFactory();  
        Sender sender = factory.produceMail();  
        sender.Send();  
    }  
}  
3、抽象工厂模式

public interface Sender {  
    public void Send();  
}  
public class MailSender implements Sender {  
    @Override  
    public void Send() {  
        System.out.println("this is mailsender!");  
    }  
}
public class SmsSender implements Sender {  
    @Override  
    public void Send() {  
        System.out.println("this is sms sender!");  
    }  
}  

接口:

public interface Provider {  
    public Sender produce();  
} 

两个工厂:

public class SendMailFactory implements Provider {  
      
    @Override  
    public Sender produce(){  
        return new MailSender();  
    }  
}  
public class SendSmsFactory implements Provider{  
  
    @Override  
    public Sender produce() {  
        return new SmsSender();  
    }  
}
测试:
public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Provider provider = new SendMailFactory();  
        Sender sender = provider.produce();  
        sender.Send();  
    }  
}
二、单例模式

1、懒汉式

public class Singleton {  
  
    /* 持有私有静态实例,防止被引用,此处赋值为null,目的是实现延迟加载 */  
    private static Singleton instance = null;  
  
    /* 私有构造方法,防止被实例化 */  
    private Singleton() {  
    }  
  
    /* 静态工程方法,创建实例 */  
    public static Singleton getInstance() {  
        if (instance == null) {  
            instance = new Singleton();  
        }  
        return instance;  
    }    
}
在多线程下加上锁:
public static synchronized Singleton getInstance() {  
        if (instance == null) {  
            instance = new Singleton();  
        }  
        return instance;  
    }
但是,synchronized关键字锁住的是这个对象,这样的用法,在性能上会有所下降,因为每次调用getInstance(),都要对对象上锁,事实上,只有在第一次创建对象的时候需要加锁,之后就不需要了:

public static Singleton getInstance() {  
        if (instance == null) {  
            synchronized (Singleton.class) {  
                if (instance == null) {  
                    instance = new Singleton();  
                }  
            }  
        }  
        return instance;  
    }  

但是,在Java指令中创建对象和赋值操作是分开进行的,也就是说instance = new Singleton();语句是分两步执行的。但是JVM并不保证这两个操作的先后顺序,也就是说有可能JVM会为新的Singleton实例分配空间,然后直接赋值给instance成员,然后再去初始化这个Singleton实例。这样就可能出错了,我们以A、B两个线程为例:

a>A、B线程同时进入了第一个if判断

b>A首先进入synchronized块,由于instance为null,所以它执行instance = new Singleton();

c>由于JVM内部的优化机制,JVM先画出了一些分配给Singleton实例的空白内存,并赋值给instance成员(注意此时JVM没有开始初始化这个实例),然后A离开了synchronized块。

d>B进入synchronized块,由于instance此时不是null,因此它马上离开了synchronized块并将结果返回给调用该方法的程序。

e>此时B线程打算使用Singleton实例,却发现它没有被初始化,于是错误发生了。

进一步优化:

    private static class SingletonFactory{           
        private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();           
    }           
    public static Singleton getInstance(){           
        return SingletonFactory.instance;           
    }
单例模式使用内部类来维护单例的实现,JVM内部的机制能够保证当一个类被加载的时候,这个类的加载过程是线程互斥的。这样当我们第一次调用getInstance的时候,JVM能够帮我们保证instance只被创建一次,并且会保证把赋值给instance的内存初始化完毕,这样我们就不用担心上面的问题。同时该方法也只会在第一次调用的时候使用互斥机制,这样就解决了低性能问题。
但是如果在构造函数中抛出异常,实例将永远得不到创建,也会出错。
2、饿汉式

//饿汉式单例类.在类初始化时,已经自行实例化   
public class Singleton1 {  
    private Singleton1() {}  
    private static final Singleton1 single = new Singleton1();  
    //静态工厂方法   
    public static Singleton1 getInstance() {  
        return single;  
    }  
} 
三、建造者模式

上面的一个Sender接口,两个实现类MailSender和SmsSender就不写了:

public class Builder {  
      
    private List<Sender> list = new ArrayList<Sender>();  
      
    public void produceMailSender(int count){  
        for(int i=0; i<count; i++){  
            list.add(new MailSender());  
        }  
    }  
      
    public void produceSmsSender(int count){  
        for(int i=0; i<count; i++){  
            list.add(new SmsSender());  
        }  
    }  
} 
测试:

public class Test {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Builder builder = new Builder();  
        builder.produceMailSender(10);  
    }  
}
工厂模式关注的是创建单个产品,而建造者模式则关注创建符合对象,多个部分。

四、原型模式

class Prototype implements Cloneable {  
    public Prototype clone(){  
        Prototype prototype = null;  
        try{  
            prototype = (Prototype)super.clone();  
        }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e){  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        return prototype;   
    }  
}
class ConcretePrototype extends Prototype{  
    public void show(){  
        System.out.println("原型模式实现类");  
    }  
}
测试:

public class Client {  
    public static void main(String[] args){  
        ConcretePrototype cp = new ConcretePrototype();  
        for(int i=0; i< 10; i++){  
            ConcretePrototype clonecp = (ConcretePrototype)cp.clone();  
            clonecp.show();  
        }  
    }  
} 

浅复制:将一个对象复制后,基本数据类型的变量都会重新创建,而引用类型,指向的还是原对象所指向的。

深复制:将一个对象复制后,不论是基本数据类型还有引用类型,都是重新创建的。

例子:

public class Prototype implements Cloneable, Serializable {  
  
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  
    private String string;  
  
    private SerializableObject obj;  
  
    /* 浅复制 */  
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {  
        Prototype proto = (Prototype) super.clone();  
        return proto;  
    }  
  
    /* 深复制 */  
    public Object deepClone() throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {  
  
        /* 写入当前对象的二进制流 */  
        ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
        ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);  
        oos.writeObject(this);  
  
        /* 读出二进制流产生的新对象 */  
        ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());  
        ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);  
        return ois.readObject();  
    }  
  
    public String getString() {  
        return string;  
    }  
  
    public void setString(String string) {  
        this.string = string;  
    }  
  
    public SerializableObject getObj() {  
        return obj;  
    }  
  
    public void setObj(SerializableObject obj) {  
        this.obj = obj;  
    }  
  
}  
  
class SerializableObject implements Serializable {  
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;  
}  
要实现深复制,需要采用流的形式读入当前对象的二进制输入,再写出二进制数据对应的对象。

还一种方法就是将引用类型另外拷贝,java提供的大部分的容器类都实现了Cloneable接口。

public class Prototype implements Cloneable {  
    private ArrayList list = new ArrayList();  
    public Prototype clone(){  
        Prototype prototype = null;  
        try{  
            prototype = (Prototype)super.clone();  
            prototype.list = (ArrayList) this.list.clone();  
        }catch(CloneNotSupportedException e){  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
        return prototype;   
    }  
} 
五、适配器模式
1、类的适配器模式

public class Source {  
    public void method1() {  
        System.out.println("this is original method!");  
    }  
} 
public interface Targetable {  
    /* 与原类中的方法相同 */  
    public void method1();  
  
    /* 新类的方法 */  
    public void method2();  
} 
public class Adapter extends Source implements Targetable {  
    @Override  
    public void method2() {  
        System.out.println("this is the targetable method!");  
    }  
}  
测试:

public class AdapterTest {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Targetable target = new Adapter();  
        target.method1();  
        target.method2();  
    }  
} 
输出:

this is original method!
this is the targetable method!
2、对象的适配器模式

修改Adapter类的源码:

public class Wrapper implements Targetable {  
  
    private Source source;  
      
    public Wrapper(Source source){  
        super();  
        this.source = source;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public void method2() {  
        System.out.println("this is the targetable method!");  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void method1() {  
        source.method1();  
    }  
}  
测试:

public class AdapterTest {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Source source = new Source();  
        Targetable target = new Wrapper(source);  
        target.method1();  
        target.method2();  
    }  
} 
输出与第一种一样。

3、接口的适配器模式

public interface Sourceable {  
    public void method1();  
    public void method2();  
} 
public abstract class Wrapper2 implements Sourceable{  
    public void method1(){}  
    public void method2(){}  
}  
public class SourceSub1 extends Wrapper2 {  
    public void method1(){  
        System.out.println("the sourceable interface's first Sub1!");  
    }  
}
public class SourceSub2 extends Wrapper2 {  
    public void method2(){  
        System.out.println("the sourceable interface's second Sub2!");  
    }  
}
测试:

public class WrapperTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Sourceable source1 = new SourceSub1();  
        Sourceable source2 = new SourceSub2();  
        source1.method1();  
        source1.method2();  
        source2.method1();  
        source2.method2();  
    }  
}
输出:

the sourceable interface's first Sub1!
the sourceable interface's second Sub2!
当不希望实现一个接口中所有的方法时,可以创建一个抽象类Wrapper,实现所有方法,我们写别的类的时候,继承抽象类即可。

六、装饰器模式

public interface Sourceable {  
    public void method();  
}
public class Source implements Sourceable {  
  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        System.out.println("the original method!");  
    }  
}  
public class Decorator implements Sourceable {  
  
    private Sourceable source;  
      
    public Decorator(Sourceable source){  
        super();  
        this.source = source;  
    }  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        System.out.println("before decorator!");  
        source.method();  
        System.out.println("after decorator!");  
    }  
} 
测试:

public class DecoratorTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Sourceable source = new Source();  
        Sourceable obj = new Decorator(source);  
        obj.method();  
    }  
}
输出:

before decorator!
the original method!
after decorator!

装饰器模式与代理模式的区别:

装饰器模式关注于在一个对象上动态的添加方法,然而代理模式关注于控制对对象的访问。 换句话 说, 用代理模式,代理类(proxy class)可以对它的客户隐藏一个对象的具体信息。因此,当使用代理模式的时候,我们常常在一个代理类中创建一个对象的实例。并且,当我们使用装饰器模 式的时候,我们通常的做法是将原始对象作为一个参数传给装饰者的构造器。

七、代理模式

1、静态代理

public interface IUserDao {
    void save();
}
public class UserDao implements IUserDao {
    public void save() {
        System.out.println("----已经保存数据!----");
    }
}
public class UserDaoProxy implements IUserDao{
    //接收保存目标对象
    private IUserDao target;
    public UserDaoProxy(IUserDao target){
        this.target=target;
    }

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("开始事务...");
        target.save();//执行目标对象的方法
        System.out.println("提交事务...");
    }
}
测试:

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //目标对象
        UserDao target = new UserDao();

        //代理对象,把目标对象传给代理对象,建立代理关系
        UserDaoProxy proxy = new UserDaoProxy(target);

        proxy.save();//执行的是代理的方法
    }
}
2、动态代理

JDK的动态代理有一个限制,就是使用动态代理的对象必须实现一个或多个接口

JDK实现代理只需要使用newProxyInstance方法,但是该方法需要接收三个参数,完整的写法是:

static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces,InvocationHandler h )
ClassLoader loader,:指定当前目标对象使用类加载器,获取加载器的方法是固定的
Class<?>[] interfaces,:目标对象实现的接口的类型,使用泛型方式确认类型
InvocationHandler h:事件处理,执行目标对象的方法时,会触发事件处理器的方法,会把当前执行目标对象的方法作为参数传入
public class ProxyFactory{

    //维护一个目标对象
    private Object target;
    public ProxyFactory(Object target){
        this.target=target;
    }

   //给目标对象生成代理对象
    public Object getProxyInstance(){
        return Proxy.newProxyInstance(
                target.getClass().getClassLoader(),
                target.getClass().getInterfaces(),
                new InvocationHandler() {
                    @Override
                    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
                        System.out.println("开始事务2");
                        //执行目标对象方法
                        Object returnValue = method.invoke(target, args);
                        System.out.println("提交事务2");
                        return returnValue;
                    }
                }
        );
    }

}
测试:

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 目标对象
        IUserDao target = new UserDao();
        // 【原始的类型 class cn.itcast.b_dynamic.UserDao】
        System.out.println(target.getClass());

        // 给目标对象,创建代理对象
        IUserDao proxy = (IUserDao) new ProxyFactory(target).getProxyInstance();
        // class $Proxy0   内存中动态生成的代理对象
        System.out.println(proxy.getClass());

        // 执行方法   【代理对象】
        proxy.save();
    }
}
3、cglib代理

Cglib代理,也叫作子类代理,它是在内存中构建一个子类对象从而实现对目标对象功能的扩展

public class UserDao {

    public void save() {
        System.out.println("----已经保存数据!----");
    }
}
public class ProxyFactory implements MethodInterceptor{
    //维护目标对象
    private Object target;

    public ProxyFactory(Object target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    //给目标对象创建一个代理对象
    public Object getProxyInstance(){
        //1.工具类
        Enhancer en = new Enhancer();
        //2.设置父类
        en.setSuperclass(target.getClass());
        //3.设置回调函数
        en.setCallback(this);
        //4.创建子类(代理对象)
        return en.create();

    }

    @Override
    public Object intercept(Object obj, Method method, Object[] args, MethodProxy proxy) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("开始事务...");

        //执行目标对象的方法
        Object returnValue = method.invoke(target, args);

        System.out.println("提交事务...");

        return returnValue;
    }
}
测试:

public class App {

    @Test
    public void test(){
        //目标对象
        UserDao target = new UserDao();

        //代理对象
        UserDao proxy = (UserDao)new ProxyFactory(target).getProxyInstance();

        //执行代理对象的方法
        proxy.save();
    }
}
八、外观模式

外观模式是为了解决类与类之间的依赖关系的。

public class CPU {  
      
    public void startup(){  
        System.out.println("cpu startup!");  
    }  
      
    public void shutdown(){  
        System.out.println("cpu shutdown!");  
    }  
} 
public class Memory {  
      
    public void startup(){  
        System.out.println("memory startup!");  
    }  
      
    public void shutdown(){  
        System.out.println("memory shutdown!");  
    }  
}  
public class Disk {  
      
    public void startup(){  
        System.out.println("disk startup!");  
    }  
      
    public void shutdown(){  
        System.out.println("disk shutdown!");  
    }  
}  
public class Computer {  
    private CPU cpu;  
    private Memory memory;  
    private Disk disk;  
      
    public Computer(){  
        cpu = new CPU();  
        memory = new Memory();  
        disk = new Disk();  
    }  
      
    public void startup(){  
        System.out.println("start the computer!");  
        cpu.startup();  
        memory.startup();  
        disk.startup();  
        System.out.println("start computer finished!");  
    }  
      
    public void shutdown(){  
        System.out.println("begin to close the computer!");  
        cpu.shutdown();  
        memory.shutdown();  
        disk.shutdown();  
        System.out.println("computer closed!");  
    }  
}
测试:

public class User {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Computer computer = new Computer();  
        computer.startup();  
        computer.shutdown();  
    }  
} 
输出:

start the computer!
cpu startup!
memory startup!
disk startup!
start computer finished!
begin to close the computer!
cpu shutdown!
memory shutdown!
disk shutdown!
computer closed!
九、桥接模式

将抽象化与实现化解耦,使得二者可以独立变化,像我们常用的JDBC桥DriverManager一样,JDBC进行连接数据库的时候,在各个数据库之间进行切换,基本不需要动太多的代码,甚至丝毫不用动,原因就是JDBC提供统一接口,每个数据库提供各自的实现,用一个叫做数据库驱动的程序来桥接就行了。

public interface Sourceable {  
    public void method();  
} 
public class SourceSub1 implements Sourceable {  
  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        System.out.println("this is the first sub!");  
    }  
} 
public class SourceSub2 implements Sourceable {  
  
    @Override  
    public void method() {  
        System.out.println("this is the second sub!");  
    }  
}
定义一个桥:

public abstract class Bridge {  
    private Sourceable source;  
  
    public void method(){  
        source.method();  
    }  
      
    public Sourceable getSource() {  
        return source;  
    }  
  
    public void setSource(Sourceable source) {  
        this.source = source;  
    }  
} 
public class MyBridge extends Bridge {  
    public void method(){  
        getSource().method();  
    }  
}
测试:

public class BridgeTest {  
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
          
        Bridge bridge = new MyBridge();  
          
        /*调用第一个对象*/  
        Sourceable source1 = new SourceSub1();  
        bridge.setSource(source1);  
        bridge.method();  
          
        /*调用第二个对象*/  
        Sourceable source2 = new SourceSub2();  
        bridge.setSource(source2);  
        bridge.method();  
    }  
}  
输出:

this is the first sub!
this is the second sub!
十、组合模式

又叫部分-整体模式

public class TreeNode {  
      
    private String name;  
    private TreeNode parent;  
    private Vector<TreeNode> children = new Vector<TreeNode>();  
      
    public TreeNode(String name){  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
  
    public TreeNode getParent() {  
        return parent;  
    }  
  
    public void setParent(TreeNode parent) {  
        this.parent = parent;  
    }  
      
    //添加孩子节点  
    public void add(TreeNode node){  
        children.add(node);  
    }  
      
    //删除孩子节点  
    public void remove(TreeNode node){  
        children.remove(node);  
    }  
      
    //取得孩子节点  
    public Enumeration<TreeNode> getChildren(){  
        return children.elements();  
    }  
}
public class Tree {  
  
    TreeNode root = null;  
  
    public Tree(String name) {  
        root = new TreeNode(name);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Tree tree = new Tree("A");  
        TreeNode nodeB = new TreeNode("B");  
        TreeNode nodeC = new TreeNode("C");  
          
        nodeB.add(nodeC);  
        tree.root.add(nodeB);  
        System.out.println("build the tree finished!");  
    }  
}
十一、享元模式

也就是说在一个系统中如果有多个相同的对象,那么只共享一份就可以了,不必每个都去实例化一个对象,通常与工厂模式一起使用。

public abstract class Flyweight{  
 public abstract void operation();  
} 
public class ConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight{  
 private String string;  
 public ConcreteFlyweight(String str){  
  string = str;  
 }  
 public void operation()  
 {  
  System.out.println("Concrete---Flyweight : " + string);  
 }  
} 
工厂方法类:

public class FlyweightFactory{  
 private Hashtable flyweights = new Hashtable();//----------------------------1  
 public FlyweightFactory(){}  
 public Flyweight getFlyWeight(Object obj){  
  Flyweight flyweight = (Flyweight) flyweights.get(obj);//----------------2  
  if(flyweight == null){//---------------------------------------------------3  
   //产生新的ConcreteFlyweight  
   flyweight = new ConcreteFlyweight((String)obj);  
   flyweights.put(obj, flyweight);//--------------------------------------5  
  }  
  return flyweight;//---------------------------------------------------------6  
 }  
 public int getFlyweightSize(){  
  return flyweights.size();  
 }  
} 
测试:

public class FlyweightPattern{  
 FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();   
 Flyweight fly1;  
 Flyweight fly2;  
 Flyweight fly3;  
 Flyweight fly4;  
 Flyweight fly5;  
 Flyweight fly6;  
 /** *//** Creates a new instance of FlyweightPattern */  
 public FlyweightPattern(){  
  fly1 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");  
  fly2 = factory.getFlyWeight("Qutr");  
  fly3 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");  
  fly4 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");  
  fly5 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");  
  fly6 = factory.getFlyWeight("Google");  
 }  
 public void showFlyweight(){  
  fly1.operation();  
  fly2.operation();  
  fly3.operation();  
  fly4.operation();  
  fly5.operation();  
  fly6.operation();  
  int objSize = factory.getFlyweightSize();  
  System.out.println("objSize = " + objSize);  
 }  
 public static void main(String[] args){  
  System.out.println("The FlyWeight Pattern!");  
  FlyweightPattern fp = new FlyweightPattern();  
  fp.showFlyweight();  
 }  
}
输出:

Concrete---Flyweight : Google  
Concrete---Flyweight : Qutr  
Concrete---Flyweight : Google  
Concrete---Flyweight : Google  
Concrete---Flyweight : Google  
Concrete---Flyweight : Google  
objSize = 2

十二、策略模式
定义了一系列算法,并将每个算法封装起来,使他们可以相互替换,且算法的变化不会影响到使用算法的客户。

public interface ICalculator {  
    public int calculate(String exp);  
} 
辅助类:

public abstract class AbstractCalculator {  
      
    public int[] split(String exp,String opt){  
        String array[] = exp.split(opt);  
        int arrayInt[] = new int[2];  
        arrayInt[0] = Integer.parseInt(array[0]);  
        arrayInt[1] = Integer.parseInt(array[1]);  
        return arrayInt;  
    }  
}
实现类:

public class Plus extends AbstractCalculator implements ICalculator {  
  
    @Override  
    public int calculate(String exp) {  
        int arrayInt[] = split(exp,"\\+");  
        return arrayInt[0]+arrayInt[1];  
    }  
}
public class Minus extends AbstractCalculator implements ICalculator {  
  
    @Override  
    public int calculate(String exp) {  
        int arrayInt[] = split(exp,"-");  
        return arrayInt[0]-arrayInt[1];  
    }  
  
} 
public class Multiply extends AbstractCalculator implements ICalculator {  
  
    @Override  
    public int calculate(String exp) {  
        int arrayInt[] = split(exp,"\\*");  
        return arrayInt[0]*arrayInt[1];  
    }  
}
测试:

public class StrategyTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        String exp = "2+8";  
        ICalculator cal = new Plus();  
        int result = cal.calculate(exp);  
        System.out.println(result);  
    }  
} 
输出:

10
十三、模板方法模式

public abstract class AbstractCalculator {  
      
    /*主方法,实现对本类其它方法的调用*/  
    public final int calculate(String exp,String opt){  
        int array[] = split(exp,opt);  
        return calculate(array[0],array[1]);  
    }  
      
    /*被子类重写的方法*/  
    abstract public int calculate(int num1,int num2);  
      
    public int[] split(String exp,String opt){  
        String array[] = exp.split(opt);  
        int arrayInt[] = new int[2];  
        arrayInt[0] = Integer.parseInt(array[0]);  
        arrayInt[1] = Integer.parseInt(array[1]);  
        return arrayInt;  
    }  
} 
public class Plus extends AbstractCalculator {  
  
    @Override  
    public int calculate(int num1,int num2) {  
        return num1 + num2;  
    }  
}
测试:

public class StrategyTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        String exp = "8+8";  
        AbstractCalculator cal = new Plus();  
        int result = cal.calculate(exp, "\\+");  
        System.out.println(result);  
    }  
}
十四、观察者模式

当一个对象变化时,其它依赖该对象的对象都会收到通知,并且随着变化!

public interface Observer {  
    public void update();  
}
public class Observer1 implements Observer {  
  
    @Override  
    public void update() {  
        System.out.println("observer1 has received!");  
    }  
}
public class Observer2 implements Observer {  
  
    @Override  
    public void update() {  
        System.out.println("observer2 has received!");  
    }  
} 
被观察主体:

public interface Subject {  
      
    /*增加观察者*/  
    public void add(Observer observer);  
      
    /*删除观察者*/  
    public void del(Observer observer);  
      
    /*通知所有的观察者*/  
    public void notifyObservers();  
      
    /*自身的操作*/  
    public void operation();  
}
public abstract class AbstractSubject implements Subject {  
  
    private Vector<Observer> vector = new Vector<Observer>();  
    @Override  
    public void add(Observer observer) {  
        vector.add(observer);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void del(Observer observer) {  
        vector.remove(observer);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void notifyObservers() {  
        Enumeration<Observer> enumo = vector.elements();  
        while(enumo.hasMoreElements()){  
            enumo.nextElement().update();  
        }  
    }  
}
public class MySubject extends AbstractSubject {  
  
    @Override  
    public void operation() {  
        System.out.println("update self!");  
        notifyObservers();  
    }  
}
测试:

public class ObserverTest {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Subject sub = new MySubject();  
        sub.add(new Observer1());  
        sub.add(new Observer2());  
          
        sub.operation();  
    }  
} 
输出:

update self!
observer1 has received!
observer2 has received!
十五、迭代器模式

迭代器模式就是顺序访问聚集中的对象

public interface Collection {  
      
    public Iterator iterator();  
      
    /*取得集合元素*/  
    public Object get(int i);  
      
    /*取得集合大小*/  
    public int size();  
}
public interface Iterator {  
    //前移  
    public Object previous();  
      
    //后移  
    public Object next();  
    public boolean hasNext();  
      
    //取得第一个元素  
    public Object first();  
}
两个实现:

public class MyCollection implements Collection {  
  
    public String string[] = {"A","B","C","D","E"};  
    @Override  
    public Iterator iterator() {  
        return new MyIterator(this);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public Object get(int i) {  
        return string[i];  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public int size() {  
        return string.length;  
    }  
} 
public class MyIterator implements Iterator {  
  
    private Collection collection;  
    private int pos = -1;  
      
    public MyIterator(Collection collection){  
        this.collection = collection;  
    }  
      
    @Override  
    public Object previous() {  
        if(pos > 0){  
            pos--;  
        }  
        return collection.get(pos);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public Object next() {  
        if(pos<collection.size()-1){  
            pos++;  
        }  
        return collection.get(pos);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public boolean hasNext() {  
        if(pos<collection.size()-1){  
            return true;  
        }else{  
            return false;  
        }  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public Object first() {  
        pos = 0;  
        return collection.get(pos);  
    }  
  
}
测试:

public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Collection collection = new MyCollection();  
        Iterator it = collection.iterator();  
          
        while(it.hasNext()){  
            System.out.println(it.next());  
        }  
    }  
}
输出:

A B C D E
十六、责任链模式

public interface Handler {  
    public void operator();  
}
public abstract class AbstractHandler {  
      
    private Handler handler;  
  
    public Handler getHandler() {  
        return handler;  
    }  
  
    public void setHandler(Handler handler) {  
        this.handler = handler;  
    }  
}
public class MyHandler extends AbstractHandler implements Handler {  
  
    private String name;  
  
    public MyHandler(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void operator() {  
        System.out.println(name+"deal!");  
        if(getHandler()!=null){  
            getHandler().operator();  
        }  
    }  
} 
测试:

public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        MyHandler h1 = new MyHandler("h1");  
        MyHandler h2 = new MyHandler("h2");  
        MyHandler h3 = new MyHandler("h3");  
  
        h1.setHandler(h2);  
        h2.setHandler(h3);  
  
        h1.operator();  
    }  
}
输出:

h1deal!
h2deal!
h3deal!
十七、命令模式

Invoker是调用者(司令员),Receiver是被调用者(士兵),MyCommand是命令,实现了Command接口,持有接收对象

public interface Command {  
    public void exe();  
} 
public class MyCommand implements Command {  
  
    private Receiver receiver;  
      
    public MyCommand(Receiver receiver) {  
        this.receiver = receiver;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void exe() {  
        receiver.action();  
    }  
}
public class Receiver {  
    public void action(){  
        System.out.println("command received!");  
    }  
}
public class Invoker {  
      
    private Command command;  
      
    public Invoker(Command command) {  
        this.command = command;  
    }  
  
    public void action(){  
        command.exe();  
    }  
}
测试:

public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Receiver receiver = new Receiver();  
        Command cmd = new MyCommand(receiver);  
        Invoker invoker = new Invoker(cmd);  
        invoker.action();  
    }  
} 
输出:

command received!
命令模式的目的就是达到命令的发出者和执行者之间解耦,实现请求和执行分开,Struts其实就是一种将请求和呈现分离的技术。
十八、备忘录模式

主要目的是保存一个对象的某个状态,以便在适当的时候恢复对象。

Original类是原始类,里面有需要保存的属性value及创建一个备忘录类,用来保存value值。Memento类是备忘录类,Storage类是存储备忘录的类,持有Memento类的实例。

public class Original {  
      
    private String value;  
      
    public String getValue() {  
        return value;  
    }  
  
    public void setValue(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
  
    public Original(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
  
    public Memento createMemento(){  
        return new Memento(value);  
    }  
      
    public void restoreMemento(Memento memento){  
        this.value = memento.getValue();  
    }  
} 
public class Memento {  
      
    private String value;  
  
    public Memento(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
  
    public String getValue() {  
        return value;  
    }  
  
    public void setValue(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
} 
public class Storage {  
      
    private Memento memento;  
      
    public Storage(Memento memento) {  
        this.memento = memento;  
    }  
  
    public Memento getMemento() {  
        return memento;  
    }  
  
    public void setMemento(Memento memento) {  
        this.memento = memento;  
    }  
}  
测试:

public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
          
        // 创建原始类  
        Original origi = new Original("egg");  
  
        // 创建备忘录  
        Storage storage = new Storage(origi.createMemento());  
  
        // 修改原始类的状态  
        System.out.println("初始化状态为:" + origi.getValue());  
        origi.setValue("niu");  
        System.out.println("修改后的状态为:" + origi.getValue());  
  
        // 回复原始类的状态  
        origi.restoreMemento(storage.getMemento());  
        System.out.println("恢复后的状态为:" + origi.getValue());  
    }  
} 
输出:

初始化状态为:egg
修改后的状态为:niu
恢复后的状态为:egg
十九、状态模式
当对象的状态改变时,同时改变其行为
public class State {  
      
    private String value;  
      
    public String getValue() {  
        return value;  
    }  
  
    public void setValue(String value) {  
        this.value = value;  
    }  
  
    public void method1(){  
        System.out.println("execute the first opt!");  
    }  
      
    public void method2(){  
        System.out.println("execute the second opt!");  
    }  
} 
public class Context {  
  
    private State state;  
  
    public Context(State state) {  
        this.state = state;  
    }  
  
    public State getState() {  
        return state;  
    }  
  
    public void setState(State state) {  
        this.state = state;  
    }  
  
    public void method() {  
        if (state.getValue().equals("state1")) {  
            state.method1();  
        } else if (state.getValue().equals("state2")) {  
            state.method2();  
        }  
    }  
}
测试:

public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
          
        State state = new State();  
        Context context = new Context(state);  
          
        //设置第一种状态  
        state.setValue("state1");  
        context.method();  
          
        //设置第二种状态  
        state.setValue("state2");  
        context.method();  
    }  
}
输出:

execute the first opt!
execute the second opt!
二十、访问者模式

访问者模式把数据结构和作用于结构上的操作解耦合

public interface Visitor {  
    public void visit(Subject sub);  
} 
public class MyVisitor implements Visitor {  
  
    @Override  
    public void visit(Subject sub) {  
        System.out.println("visit the subject:"+sub.getSubject());  
    }  
}
Subject类,accept方法,接受将要访问它的对象,getSubject()获取将要被访问的属性

public interface Subject {  
    public void accept(Visitor visitor);  
    public String getSubject();  
} 
public class MySubject implements Subject {  
  
    @Override  
    public void accept(Visitor visitor) {  
        visitor.visit(this);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public String getSubject() {  
        return "love";  
    }  
}
测试:

public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
          
        Visitor visitor = new MyVisitor();  
        Subject sub = new MySubject();  
        sub.accept(visitor);      
    }  
}
输出:

visit the subject:love
二十一、中介者模式

中介者模式也是用来降低类类之间的耦合的,因为如果类类之间有依赖关系的话,不利于功能的拓展和维护,因为只要修改一个对象,其它关联的对象都得进行修改。

public interface Mediator {  
    public void createMediator();  
    public void workAll();  
} 
public class MyMediator implements Mediator {  
  
    private User user1;  
    private User user2;  
      
    public User getUser1() {  
        return user1;  
    }  
  
    public User getUser2() {  
        return user2;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void createMediator() {  
        user1 = new User1(this);  
        user2 = new User2(this);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void workAll() {  
        user1.work();  
        user2.work();  
    }  
}  
public abstract class User {  
      
    private Mediator mediator;  
      
    public Mediator getMediator(){  
        return mediator;  
    }  
      
    public User(Mediator mediator) {  
        this.mediator = mediator;  
    }  
  
    public abstract void work();  
}
public class User1 extends User {  
  
    public User1(Mediator mediator){  
        super(mediator);  
    }  
      
    @Override  
    public void work() {  
        System.out.println("user1 exe!");  
    }  
}  
public class User2 extends User {  
  
    public User2(Mediator mediator){  
        super(mediator);  
    }  
      
    @Override  
    public void work() {  
        System.out.println("user2 exe!");  
    }  
} 
测试:

public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        Mediator mediator = new MyMediator();  
        mediator.createMediator();  
        mediator.workAll();  
    }  
} 
输出:

user1 exe!
user2 exe!
二十二、解释器模式

解释器模式用来做各种各样的解释器,如正则表达式等的解释器等等

public interface Expression {  
    public int interpret(Context context);  
}
public class Plus implements Expression {  
  
    @Override  
    public int interpret(Context context) {  
        return context.getNum1()+context.getNum2();  
    }  
}
public class Minus implements Expression {  
  
    @Override  
    public int interpret(Context context) {  
        return context.getNum1()-context.getNum2();  
    }  
}  
public class Context {  
      
    private int num1;  
    private int num2;  
      
    public Context(int num1, int num2) {  
        this.num1 = num1;  
        this.num2 = num2;  
    }  
      
    public int getNum1() {  
        return num1;  
    }  
    public void setNum1(int num1) {  
        this.num1 = num1;  
    }  
    public int getNum2() {  
        return num2;  
    }  
    public void setNum2(int num2) {  
        this.num2 = num2;  
    }  
}
测试:

public class Test {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
  
        // 计算9+2-8的值  
        int result = new Minus().interpret((new Context(new Plus()  
                .interpret(new Context(9, 2)), 8)));  
        System.out.println(result);  
    }  
}
输出:

3



由于我把工厂模式整合到一块了,所以看上去只有22中,实际是有23种的。

java的23中设计模式到此就讲完了,如果有错误或者不完善的地方还请不吝赐教!

  • 1
    点赞
  • 13
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 1
    评论

“相关推荐”对你有帮助么?

  • 非常没帮助
  • 没帮助
  • 一般
  • 有帮助
  • 非常有帮助
提交
评论 1
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值