DispatcherServlet默认装配一下几个HandlerAdapters
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter
org.springframework.web.HttpRequestHandler
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
RequestMappingHandlerAdapter中默认装载了以下几个HttpMessageConverter
public RequestMappingHandlerAdapter() { StringHttpMessageConverter stringHttpMessageConverter = new StringHttpMessageConverter(); stringHttpMessageConverter.setWriteAcceptCharset(false); // see SPR-7316 this.messageConverters = new ArrayList<>(4); this.messageConverters.add(new ByteArrayHttpMessageConverter()); this.messageConverters.add(stringHttpMessageConverter); this.messageConverters.add(new SourceHttpMessageConverter<>()); this.messageConverters.add(new AllEncompassingFormHttpMessageConverter()); }
项目中加入Jackson依赖后,还会加载 MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.
注意:spring-web依赖包中是有MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter类的
本文重点:
@RequestBody、@ResponseBody注解,可以直接将输入解析成Json、将输出解析成Json,但HTTP 请求和响应是基于文本的,意味着浏览器和服务器通过交换原始文本进行通信,而这里其实就是HttpMessageConverter发挥着作用。
HttpMessageConverter接口的源码如下:
public interface HttpMessageConverter<T> {
boolean canRead(Class<?> clazz, @Nullable MediaType mediaType);
boolean canWrite(Class<?> clazz, @Nullable MediaType mediaType);
List<MediaType> getSupportedMediaTypes();
T read(Class<? extends T> clazz, HttpInputMessage inputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotReadableException;
void write(T t, @Nullable MediaType contentType, HttpOutputMessage outputMessage)
throws IOException, HttpMessageNotWritableException;
}
运行顺序
1.只有当处理器方法使用到 @RequestBody/@ResponseBody 或HttpEntity<T>/ResponseEntity<T> 时,SpringMVC才使用注册的HttpMessageConverter 对请求响应消息进行处理。
2.当控制器处理方法使用到 @RequestBody/@ResponseBody 或HttpEntity<T>/ResponseEntity<T> 时,Spring 首先根据请求头或响应头的 Accept 属性选择匹配的 HttpMessageConverter, 然后根据参数类型或泛型类型的过滤得到匹配的 HttpMessageConverter, 若找不到可用的 HttpMessageConverter 将报错
3.@RequestBody 和 @ResponseBody 不需要成对出现。如果方法入参使用到了@RequestBody,SpringMVC将会选择匹配的HttpMessageConverter 将请求信息转换并绑定到该入参中。如果处理方法标注了@ResponseBody,SpringMVC选择匹配的HttpMessageConverter 将方法返回值转换并输出响应消息。
替换默认的MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter
SpringBoot中,使用FastJsonHttpMessageConverter替换默认的MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter。
import com.alibaba.fastjson.serializer.SerializerFeature;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.config.FastJsonConfig;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.support.spring.FastJsonHttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConverters;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
@Configuration
public class HttpMessageConverterConfig {
/**
* 引入Fastjson解析json,不使用默认的jackson
* 必须在pom.xml引入fastjson的jar包,并且版必须大于1.2.10
*/
@Bean
public HttpMessageConverters fastJsonHttpMessageConverters() {
//1、定义一个convert转换消息的对象
FastJsonHttpMessageConverter fastConverter = new FastJsonHttpMessageConverter();
//2、添加fastjson的配置信息
FastJsonConfig fastJsonConfig = new FastJsonConfig();
SerializerFeature[] serializerFeatures = new SerializerFeature[]{
// 输出key是包含双引号
// SerializerFeature.QuoteFieldNames,
// 是否输出为null的字段,若为null 则显示该字段
// SerializerFeature.WriteMapNullValue,
// 数值字段如果为null,则输出为0
SerializerFeature.WriteNullNumberAsZero,
// List字段如果为null,输出为[],而非null
SerializerFeature.WriteNullListAsEmpty,
// 字符类型字段如果为null,输出为"",而非null
SerializerFeature.WriteNullStringAsEmpty,
// Boolean字段如果为null,输出为false,而非null
SerializerFeature.WriteNullBooleanAsFalse,
// Date的日期转换器
SerializerFeature.WriteDateUseDateFormat,
// 循环引用
SerializerFeature.DisableCircularReferenceDetect,
};
fastJsonConfig.setSerializerFeatures(serializerFeatures);
fastJsonConfig.setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
//3、在convert中添加配置信息
fastConverter.setFastJsonConfig(fastJsonConfig);
//4、将convert添加到converters中
HttpMessageConverter<?> converter = fastConverter;
return new HttpMessageConverters(converter);
}
}