H3CNE实验(静态路由/RIP/OSPF 部分)

实验拓扑：

实验简述：

       1、为方便起见，图中R1和R2分别由三层交换机来代替；

       2、PC1和PC3分别用真机实现，但PC2和PC4分别用换回接口来实现；

实验器材：

       两台H3C S3610三层交换机

实验目标：

1、 分别用静态路由、RIP、OSPF实现全网互通

2、 通过聚合的方式将路由表的大小控制在最小的范围内(静态路由要求此步骤)

3、 RIP要求开启毒性逆转，并通过debug的方式验证

4、 OSPF中用debug的方式观察并理解OSPF的工作过程

实验内容：

       R1采用静态路由并实现聚合的的简要配置：

#

vlan 1

#

domain system

 access-limit disable

 state active

 idle-cut disable

 self-service-url disable

#

user-group system

#

interface Ethernet1/0/1

 port link-mode route

 ip address 192.168.110.1 255.255.255.0

#

interface Ethernet1/0/24

 port link-mode route

 ip address 192.161.0.1 255.255.255.0

#

interface NULL0

#

interface LoopBack1

 ip address 192.162.0.2 255.255.255.255

#

ip route-static 172.160.0.0 255.252.0.0 192.168.110.2             //路由汇聚

#

Return

R2采用静态路由并实现聚合的简要配置

vlan 1

#

domain system

 access-limit disable

 state active

 idle-cut disable

 self-service-url disable

#

user-group system

#

interface Ethernet1/0/1

 port link-mode route

 ip address 192.168.110.2 255.255.255.0

#

interface Ethernet1/0/24

 port link-mode route

 ip address 172.161.0.1 255.255.255.0

#              

interface NULL0

#

interface LoopBack0

 ip address 172.162.0.1 255.255.255.255

#    

ip route-static 192.160.0.0 255.252.0.0 192.168.110.1             //路由汇聚

#

return

       RIP的简要配置

              R1上的配置：

#

interface Ethernet1/0/1

 port link-mode route

 ip address 192.168.110.1 255.255.255.0

#

interface NULL0

#

interface LoopBack0

 ip address 192.161.0.1 255.255.255.255

#

interface LoopBack1

 ip address 192.162.0.1 255.255.255.255

#

rip 11

 network 192.168.110.0

 network 192.161.0.0

 network 192.162.0.0

#

return

       R2的简要配置

#

interface Ethernet1/0/1

 port link-mode route

 ip address 192.168.110.2 255.255.255.0

#

interface NULL0

#

interface LoopBack0

 ip address 172.161.0.1 255.255.255.255

#

interface LoopBack1

 ip address 172.162.0.1 255.255.255.255

#

rip 22         

 network 192.168.110.0

 network 172.161.0.0

 network 172.162.0.0

#

return

OSPF的简要配置

       R1的简要配置：

#

interface Ethernet1/0/1

 port link-mode route

 ip address 192.168.110.1 255.255.255.0

#

interface NULL0

#

interface LoopBack0

 ip address 192.161.0.1 255.255.255.255

#

interface LoopBack1

 ip address 192.162.0.1 255.255.255.255

#

ospf 11 router-id 1.1.1.1

 area 0.0.0.0

  network 192.168.110.0 0.0.0.255

  network 192.161.0.0 0.0.0.255

  network 192.162.0.0 0.0.0.255

#

return

       R2的简要配置

#

interface Ethernet1/0/1

 port link-mode route

 ip address 192.168.110.2 255.255.255.0

#

interface NULL0

#

interface LoopBack0

 ip address 172.161.0.1 255.255.255.255

#

interface LoopBack1

 ip address 172.162.0.1 255.255.255.255

#

ospf 22 router-id 2.2.2.2

 area 0.0.0.0

  network 192.168.110.0 0.0.0.255

  network 172.161.0.0 0.0.0.255

  network 172.162.0.0 0.0.0.255

#

Return

RIP毒性逆转debug的查看与分析：

当接口开启毒性逆转后，该端口每接收到一个与自己直连网段的路由更新信息时，其都会立刻回复一个cost为16的路由信息。

Debug查看与分析ospf的工作过程：

       OSPF的Debug信息：

*Apr 26 12:50:16:854 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:OSPF 1: SEND Packet.

*Apr 26 12:50:16:855 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Source Address: 192.168.110.2

*Apr 26 12:50:16:855 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Destination Address: 224.0.0.5

*Apr 26 12:50:16:856 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 48.

*Apr 26 12:50:16:856 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Router: 1.1.1.1, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 24896.

*Apr 26 12:50:16:874 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.

*Apr 26 12:50:16:895 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.

*Apr 26 12:50:16:915 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 192.168.10.2, BDR:192.168.10.1.

*Apr 26 12:50:16:935 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Attached Neighbor: 2.2.2.2.

                                                               

*Apr 26 12:50:19:218 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:OSPF 1: RECV Packet.

*Apr 26 12:50:19:219 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Source Address: 192.168.110.1

*Apr 26 12:50:19:219 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Destination Address: 224.0.0.5

*Apr 26 12:50:19:219 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Ver# 2, Type: 1, Length: 48.

*Apr 26 12:50:19:220 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Router: 2.2.2.2, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 24896.

*Apr 26 12:50:19:239 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.

*Apr 26 12:50:19:258 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Net Mask: 255.255.255.0, Hello Int: 10, Option: _E_.

*Apr 26 12:50:19:278 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Rtr Priority: 1, Dead Int: 40, DR: 192.168.110.2, BDR: 192.168.110.1.

*Apr 26 12:50:19:299 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Attached Neighbor: 1.1.1.1.

[r1-LoopBack0]un shut

*Apr 26 12:53:16:752 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:OSPF 1: SEND Packet.

*Apr 26 12:53:16:753 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Source Address: 192.168.110.2

*Apr 26 12:53:16:753 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Destination Address: 224.0.0.5

*Apr 26 12:53:16:754 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Ver# 2, Type: 4, Length: 88.

*Apr 26 12:53:16:754 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Router: 1.1.1.1, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 40190.

*Apr 26 12:53:16:773 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.

*Apr 26 12:53:16:793 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:LSA Count: 1.

                                                               

*Apr 26 12:53:16:995 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:OSPF 1: RECV Packet.

*Apr 26 12:53:16:995 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Source Address: 192.168.110.1

*Apr 26 12:53:16:996 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Destination Address: 224.0.0.5

*Apr 26 12:53:16:996 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Ver# 2, Type: 5, Length: 44.

*Apr 26 12:53:16:997 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Router: 2.2.2.2, Area: 0.0.0.0, Checksum: 47559.

*Apr 26 12:53:17:15 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:AuType: 00, Key(ascii): 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.

*Apr 26 12:53:17:35 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:LSAType: 1, LinkStateId: 1.1.1.1, Advertising Rtr: 1.1.1.1.

*Apr 26 12:53:17:55 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:LSA Age: 3194 Options: ExRouting:ON.

*Apr 26 12:53:17:56 2000 r1 RM/6/RMDEBUG:Length: 60 Seq# 80000008 CheckSum: 47543.

分析：

1、              由debug信息可以看出，在ospf的hello报文中，只有双方的网络掩码、发送间隔和死亡间隔时间都相同时，才可能建立邻居关系。且在hello报文中包含了路由器的router id和优先级，凭此可以进行DR和BDR的选举。

2、              当一个链路down掉以后，当前路由器会迅速组播发送LSU报文告诉网络中的邻居，此链路已经不存在，邻居收到以后会回复一个LSACK的报文，需要注意的是，回复的LSACK报文不是以单播的方式发送，而是以组播的形式发送。

 

实验总结：

       1、在用RIP进行路由协议时，尽量将自动汇总功能关闭，因为  RIP默认开启自动汇总，若开启自动汇总功能，当网络中存在不连续子网时(个人理解不连续子网，改为跨路由子网更为贴切)，会造成路由学习有误的现象。

       2、若在创建ospf中，采用手工方式指定router id，且router id不是某个接口的地址时，则不需要在宣告网络时另外宣告router id的网络地址，因为router id只是路由器的一个标识，只要保证全网唯一即可(必须全网唯一：因为在选举DR/BDR时可能会用到它)。