mysql续集2

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最新推荐文章于 2024-10-15 16:37:50 发布

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文章标签：数据库

原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/10983441/2398951

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2.8单表查询

"单表查询语法顺序"

select distinct 字段1,字段2,字段3 from 库.表 
    where 条件
    group by 分组条件
    having 过滤
    order by 排序字段
    limit n;

"单标查询的执行顺序"

mysql续集2

2.8.1准备表和数据

#创建表
create table employee(
id int not null unique auto_increment,
name varchar(20) not null,
sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', #大部分是男的
age int(3) unsigned not null default 28,
hire_date date not null,
post varchar(50),
post_comment varchar(100),
salary double(15,2),
office int, #一个部门一个屋子
depart_id int
);

#查看表结构
mysql> desc employee;
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id           | int(11)               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name         | varchar(20)           | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| sex          | enum('male','female') | NO   |     | male    |                |
| age          | int(3) unsigned       | NO   |     | 28      |                |
| hire_date    | date                  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| post         | varchar(50)           | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| post_comment | varchar(100)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| salary       | double(15,2)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| office       | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| depart_id    | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+

#插入记录
#三个部门：教学，销售，运营
insert into employee(name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values
('egon','male',18,'20170301','大使Post',7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部
('alex','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1),
('wupeiqi','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1),
('yuanhao','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1),
('liwenzhou','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1),
('jingliyang','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1),
('jinxin','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1),
('成龙','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1),

('歪歪','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门
('丫丫','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2),
('丁丁','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2),
('星星','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2),
('格格','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2),

('张野','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门
('程咬金','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3),
('程咬银','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3),
('程咬铜','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3),
('程咬铁','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3)
;

#简单查询
    SELECT id,name,sex,age,hire_date,post,post_comment,salary,office,depart_id 
    FROM employee;

    SELECT * FROM employee;

    SELECT name,salary FROM employee;

#避免重复DISTINCT
    SELECT DISTINCT post FROM employee;  

mysql> select distinct post from employee;
+-----------------------------------------+
| post                                    |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 大使Post              |
| teacher                                 |
| sale                                    |
| operation                               |
+-----------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#通过四则运算查询
    SELECT name, salary*12 FROM employee;
    SELECT name, salary*12 AS Annual_salary FROM employee;
    SELECT name, salary*12 Annual_salary FROM employee;

mysql> select name,salary*12 as annual_salary from employee;
+------------+---------------+
| name       | annual_salary |
+------------+---------------+
| egon       |      87603.96 |
| alex       |   12000003.72 |
| wupeiqi    |      99600.00 |
| yuanhao    |      42000.00 |
| liwenzhou  |      25200.00 |
| jingliyang |     108000.00 |

# 定义显示格式
   "CONCAT() 函数用于连接字符串"
   SELECT CONCAT('姓名: ',name,'  年薪: ', salary*12)  AS Annual_salary 
   FROM employee;

mysql> select CONCAT('姓名:',name,' 工资:',salary) from employee where post='sale';
+------------------------------------------+
| CONCAT('姓名:',name,' 工资:',salary)     |
+------------------------------------------+
| 姓名:歪歪 工资:3000.13                   |
| 姓名:丫丫 工资:2000.35                   |
| 姓名:丁丁 工资:1000.37                   |
| 姓名:星星 工资:3000.29                   |
| 姓名:格格 工资:4000.33                   |
+------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

  "CONCAT_WS() 第一个参数为分隔符"
   SELECT CONCAT_WS(':',name,salary*12)  AS Annual_salary 
   FROM employee;

     mysql> select CONCAT_WS(':',name,salary*12) from employee where post='sale';
+-------------------------------+
| CONCAT_WS(':',name,salary*12) |
+-------------------------------+
| 歪歪:36001.56                 |
| 丫丫:24004.20                 |
| 丁丁:12004.44                 |
| 星星:36003.48                 |
| 格格:48003.96                 |
+-------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.8.2where约束

1.比较运算符：><>= <= <> !=
2.between 80 and 100 值在10到20之间
3.in(80,90,100) 值是10或20或30
4.like 'egon%'
   pattern可以是%或_，
   %表示任意多字符
   _表示一个字符
5.逻辑运算符：在多个条件直接可以使用逻辑运算符 and or not

#1:单条件查询
    SELECT name FROM employee
        WHERE post='sale';

#2:多条件查询
    SELECT name,salary FROM employee
        WHERE post='teacher' AND salary>10000;

#3:关键字BETWEEN AND
    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000;

    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000;

#4:关键字IS NULL(判断某个字段是否为NULL不能用等号，需要用IS)
    SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee 
        WHERE post_comment IS NULL;

    SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee 
        WHERE post_comment IS NOT NULL;

    SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee 
        WHERE post_comment=''; 注意''是空字符串，不是null
    ps：
        执行
        update employee set post_comment='' where id=2;
        再用上条查看，就会有结果了

#5:关键字IN集合查询
    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary=3000 OR salary=3500 OR salary=4000 OR salary=9000 ;

    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ;

    SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
        WHERE salary NOT IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ;

#6:关键字LIKE模糊查询
    通配符’%’
    SELECT * FROM employee 
            WHERE name LIKE 'eg%';

    通配符’_’
    SELECT * FROM employee 
            WHERE name LIKE 'al__';

"练习"

1. 查看岗位是teacher的员工姓名、年龄
mysql> select name,age from employee where post='teacher'
    -> ;
+------------+-----+
| name       | age |
+------------+-----+
| alex       |  78 |
| wupeiqi    |  81 |
| yuanhao    |  73 |
| liwenzhou  |  28 |
| jingliyang |  18 |
| jinxin     |  18 |
| 成龙       |  48 |
+------------+-----+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2. 查看岗位是teacher且年龄大于30岁的员工姓名、年龄
mysql> select name,age from employee where post='teacher' and age > 30;
+---------+-----+
| name    | age |
+---------+-----+
| alex    |  78 |
| wupeiqi |  81 |
| yuanhao |  73 |
| 成龙    |  48 |
+---------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

3. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资在9000-1000范围内的员工姓名、年龄、薪资

mysql> select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary between 1000 and 9000;;
+------------+-----+---------+
| name       | age | salary  |
+------------+-----+---------+
| wupeiqi    |  81 | 8300.00 |
| yuanhao    |  73 | 3500.00 |
| liwenzhou  |  28 | 2100.00 |
| jingliyang |  18 | 9000.00 |
+------------+-----+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> desc employee;
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field        | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id           | int(11)               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name         | varchar(20)           | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| sex          | enum('male','female') | NO   |     | male    |                |
| age          | int(3) unsigned       | NO   |     | 28      |                |
| hire_date    | date                  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
| post         | varchar(50)           | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| post_comment | varchar(100)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| salary       | double(15,2)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| office       | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| depart_id    | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4. 查看岗位描述不为NULL的员工信息
mysql> select * from employee where post_comment is not null;
Empty set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from employee where post_comment is  null;
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name       | sex    | age | hire_date  | post       | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
|  1 | egon       | male   |  18 | 2017-03-01 | 大使Post   | NULL         |    7300.33 |    401 |         1 |
|  2 | alex       | male   |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher    | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |  81 | 2013-03-05 | teacher    | NULL         |    8300.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  4 | yuanhao    | male   |  73 | 2014-07-01 | teacher    | NULL         |    3500.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |  28 | 2012-11-01 | teacher    | NULL         |    2100.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |  18 | 2011-02-11 | teacher    | NULL         |    9000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  7 | jinxin     | male   |  18 | 1900-03-01 | teacher    | NULL         |   30000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  8 | 成龙       | male   |  48 | 2010-11-11 | teacher    | NULL         |   10000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  9 | 歪歪       | female |  48 | 2015-03-11 | sale       | NULL         |    3000.13 |    402 |         2 |
| 10 | 丫丫       | female |  38 | 2010-11-01 | sale       | NULL         |    2000.35 |    402 |         2 |
| 11 | 丁丁       | female |  18 | 2011-03-12 | sale       | NULL         |    1000.37 |    402 |         2 |
| 12 | 星星       | female |  18 | 2016-05-13 | sale       | NULL         |    3000.29 |    402 |         2 |
| 13 | 格格       | female |  28 | 2017-01-27 | sale       | NULL         |    4000.33 |    402 |         2 |
| 14 | 张野       | male   |  28 | 2016-03-11 | operation  | NULL         |   10000.13 |    403 |         3 |
| 15 | 程咬金     | male   |  18 | 1997-03-12 | operation  | NULL         |   20000.00 |    403 |         3 |
| 16 | 程咬银     | female |  18 | 2013-03-11 | operation  | NULL         |   19000.00 |    403 |         3 |
| 17 | 程咬铜     | male   |  18 | 2015-04-11 | operation  | NULL         |   18000.00 |    403 |         3 |
| 18 | 程咬铁     | female |  18 | 2014-05-12 | operation  | NULL         |   17000.00 |    403 |         3 |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
18 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
mysql> select name,age,salary from employee where salary in (10000,90000,30000)
    -> ;
+--------+-----+----------+
| name   | age | salary   |
+--------+-----+----------+
| jinxin |  18 | 30000.00 |
| 成龙   |  48 | 10000.00 |
+--------+-----+----------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

6. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资不是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
mysql> select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary not in (9000,10000,30000);
+-----------+-----+------------+
| name      | age | salary     |
+-----------+-----+------------+
| alex      |  78 | 1000000.31 |
| wupeiqi   |  81 |    8300.00 |
| yuanhao   |  73 |    3500.00 |
| liwenzhou |  28 |    2100.00 |
+-----------+-----+------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7. 查看岗位是teacher且名字是jin开头的员工姓名、年薪
mysql> select * from employee where name like 'jin%';
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
| id | name       | sex    | age | hire_date  | post    | post_comment | salary   | office | depart_id |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
|  6 | jingliyang | female |  18 | 2011-02-11 | teacher | NULL         |  9000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  7 | jinxin     | male   |  18 | 1900-03-01 | teacher | NULL         | 30000.00 |    401 |         1 |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.8.3group by

#1、首先明确一点：分组发生在where之后，即分组是基于where之后得到的记录而进行的
#2、分组指的是：将所有记录按照某个相同字段进行归类，比如针对员工信息表的职位分组，或者按照性别进行分组等
#3、为何要分组呢？
    取每个部门的最高工资
    取每个部门的员工数
    取男人数和女人数
小窍门：‘每’这个字后面的字段，就是我们分组的依据

#4、大前提：
    可以按照任意字段分组，但是分组完毕后，比如group by post，只能查看post字段，如果想查看组内信息，需要借助于聚合函数

"ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY"
在ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY模式下，select 的列中的值要么是来自于聚集函数的结果，要么是来自于group by list中的表达式的值。

mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
+-------------------+
| @@global.sql_mode |
+-------------------+
|                   |
+-------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp group by post; 
+----+------+--------+-----+------------+----------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | sex    | age | hire_date  | post                       | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
+----+------+--------+-----+------------+----------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| 14 | 张野 | male   |  28 | 2016-03-11 | operation                  | NULL         |   10000.13 |    403 |         3 |
|  9 | 歪歪 | female |  48 | 2015-03-11 | sale                       | NULL         |    3000.13 |    402 |         2 |
|  2 | alex | male   |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher                    | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
|  1 | egon | male   |  18 | 2017-03-01 | 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使 | NULL         |    7300.33 |    401 |         1 |
+----+------+--------+-----+------------+----------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

#由于没有设置ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,于是也可以有结果，默认都是组内的第一条记录，但其实这是没有意义的

mysql> set global sql_mode='ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit #设置成功后，一定要退出，然后重新登录方可生效
Bye

mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
+--------------------+
| @@global.sql_mode  |
+--------------------+
| ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

mysql> use db1;
Database changed
mysql> select * from emp group by post; #报错
ERROR 1055 (42000): 'db1.emp.id' isn't in GROUP BY
mysql> select post,count(id) from emp group by post; #只能查看分组依据和使用聚合函数
+----------------------------+-----------+
| post                       | count(id) |
+----------------------------+-----------+
| operation                  |         5 |
| sale                       |         5 |
| teacher                    |         7 |
|  大使Post|         1 |
+----------------------------+-----------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

单独使用GROUP BY关键字分组
    SELECT post FROM employee GROUP BY post;
    注意：我们按照post字段分组，那么select查询的字段只能是post，想要获取组内的其他相关信息，需要借助聚合函数

GROUP BY关键字和GROUP_CONCAT()函数一起使用
    SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(name) FROM employee GROUP BY post;#按照岗位分组，并查看组内成员名
    SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(name) as emp_members FROM employee GROUP BY post;

mysql> select post,group_concat(name) as emp_name from employee group by post;
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| post       | emp_name                                                |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| operation  | 程咬铁,程咬铜,程咬银,程咬金,张野                        |
| sale       | 格格,星星,丁丁,丫丫,歪歪                                |
| teacher    | 成龙,jinxin,jingliyang,liwenzhou,yuanhao,wupeiqi,alex   |
| 大使Post   | egon                                                    |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

GROUP BY与聚合函数一起使用
    select post,count(id) as count from employee group by post;#按照岗位分组，并查看每个组有多少人

"如果我们用unique的字段作为分组的依据，则每一条记录自成一组，这种分组没有意义
多条记录之间的某个字段值相同，该字段通常用来作为分组的依据"

2.8.4聚合函数

#强调：聚合函数聚合的是组的内容，若是没有分组，则默认一组

示例：
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee;
    SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=1;
    SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee;
    SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee;
    SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee;
    SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee;
    SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=3;

1. 查询岗位名以及岗位包含的所有员工名字
mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post;
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| post       | group_concat(name)                                      |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| operation  | 程咬铁,程咬铜,程咬银,程咬金,张野                        |
| sale       | 格格,星星,丁丁,丫丫,歪歪                                |
| teacher    | 成龙,jinxin,jingliyang,liwenzhou,yuanhao,wupeiqi,alex   |
| 大使Post   | egon                                                    |
+------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

2. 查询岗位名以及各岗位内包含的员工个数
mysql> select post,count(name) from employee group by post;
+------------+-------------+
| post       | count(name) |
+------------+-------------+
| operation  |           5 |
| sale       |           5 |
| teacher    |           7 |
| 大使Post   |           1 |
+------------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

3. 查询公司内男员工和女员工的个数
mysql> select sex,count(*) from employee group by sex;
+--------+----------+
| sex    | count(*) |
+--------+----------+
| male   |       10 |
| female |        8 |
+--------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

4. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的平均薪资
mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post;
+------------+---------------+
| post       | avg(salary)   |
+------------+---------------+
| operation  |  16800.026000 |
| sale       |   2600.294000 |
| teacher    | 151842.901429 |
| 大使Post   |   7300.330000 |
+------------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

5. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最高薪资
mysql> select post,max(salary) from employee group by post;
+------------+-------------+
| post       | max(salary) |
+------------+-------------+
| operation  |    20000.00 |
| sale       |     4000.33 |
| teacher    |  1000000.31 |
| 大使Post   |     7300.33 |
+------------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

6. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最低薪资
mysql> select post,min(salary) from employee group by post;
+------------+-------------+
| post       | min(salary) |
+------------+-------------+
| operation  |    10000.13 |
| sale       |     1000.37 |
| teacher    |     2100.00 |
| 大使Post   |     7300.33 |
+------------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

7. 查询男员工与男员工的平均薪资，女员工与女员工的平均薪资
mysql> select sex,avg(salary) from employee group by sex;
+--------+---------------+
| sex    | avg(salary)   |
+--------+---------------+
| male   | 110920.077000 |
| female |   7250.183750 |
+--------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.8.5having

#！！！执行优先级从高到低：where > group by > having 
#1. Where 发生在分组group by之前，因而Where中可以有任意字段，但是绝对不能使用聚合函数。

#2. Having发生在分组group by之后，因而Having中可以使用分组的字段，无法直接取到其他字段,可以使用聚合函数

"验证"
mysql> select @@sql_mode;
+--------------------+
| @@sql_mode         |
+--------------------+
| ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY |
+--------------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp where salary > 100000;
+----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | sex  | age | hire_date  | post    | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
+----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
|  2 | alex | male |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
+----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from emp having salary > 100000;
ERROR 1463 (42000): Non-grouping field 'salary' is used in HAVING clause

mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from emp group by post having salary > 10000;#错误，分组后无法直接取到salary字段
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'salary' in 'having clause'
mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from emp group by post having avg(salary) > 10000;
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| post | group_concat(name) |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| operation | 程咬铁,程咬铜,程咬银,程咬金,张野 |
| teacher | 成龙,jinxin,jingliyang,liwenzhou,yuanhao,wupeiqi,alex |
+-----------+-------------------------------------------------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

1. 查询各岗位内包含的员工个数小于2的岗位名、岗位内包含员工名字、个数
mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post having count(*)<2;
+------------+--------------------+
| post       | group_concat(name) |
+------------+--------------------+
| 大使Post   | egon               |
+------------+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

2. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资
mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary)>10000;
+-----------+---------------+
| post      | avg(salary)   |
+-----------+---------------+
| operation |  16800.026000 |
| teacher   | 151842.901429 |
+-----------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

3. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000且小于20000的岗位名、平均工资
mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) between 10000 and 20000;
+-----------+--------------+
| post      | avg(salary)  |
+-----------+--------------+
| operation | 16800.026000 |
+-----------+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.8.6order by

按单列排序
    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary;
    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary ASC;升序
    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC;降序

按多列排序:先按照age排序，如果年纪相同，则按照薪资排序
    SELECT * from employee
        ORDER BY age,
        salary DESC;

1. 查询所有员工信息，先按照age升序排序，如果age相同则按照hire_date降序排序
mysql> select * from employee order by age asc, hire_date desc;
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name       | sex    | age | hire_date  | post       | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
|  1 | egon       | male   |  18 | 2017-03-01 | 大使Post   | NULL         |    7300.33 |    401 |         1 |
| 12 | 星星       | female |  18 | 2016-05-13 | sale       | NULL         |    3000.29 |    402 |         2 |
| 17 | 程咬铜     | male   |  18 | 2015-04-11 | operation  | NULL         |   18000.00 |    403 |         3 |
| 18 | 程咬铁     | female |  18 | 2014-05-12 | operation  | NULL         |   17000.00 |    403 |         3 |
| 16 | 程咬银     | female |  18 | 2013-03-11 | operation  | NULL         |   19000.00 |    403 |         3 |
| 11 | 丁丁       | female |  18 | 2011-03-12 | sale       | NULL         |    1000.37 |    402 |         2 |
|  6 | jingliyang | female |  18 | 2011-02-11 | teacher    | NULL         |    9000.00 |    401 |         1 |
| 15 | 程咬金     | male   |  18 | 1997-03-12 | operation  | NULL         |   20000.00 |    403 |         3 |
|  7 | jinxin     | male   |  18 | 1900-03-01 | teacher    | NULL         |   30000.00 |    401 |         1 |
| 13 | 格格       | female |  28 | 2017-01-27 | sale       | NULL         |    4000.33 |    402 |         2 |
| 14 | 张野       | male   |  28 | 2016-03-11 | operation  | NULL         |   10000.13 |    403 |         3 |
|  5 | liwenzhou  | male   |  28 | 2012-11-01 | teacher    | NULL         |    2100.00 |    401 |         1 |
| 10 | 丫丫       | female |  38 | 2010-11-01 | sale       | NULL         |    2000.35 |    402 |         2 |
|  9 | 歪歪       | female |  48 | 2015-03-11 | sale       | NULL         |    3000.13 |    402 |         2 |
|  8 | 成龙       | male   |  48 | 2010-11-11 | teacher    | NULL         |   10000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  4 | yuanhao    | male   |  73 | 2014-07-01 | teacher    | NULL         |    3500.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  2 | alex       | male   |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher    | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
|  3 | wupeiqi    | male   |  81 | 2013-03-05 | teacher    | NULL         |    8300.00 |    401 |         1 |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
18 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

2. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资,结果按平均薪资升序排列
mysql> select post,avg(salary) as avg_salary from employee group by post having avg(salary)>10000 order by avg_salary asc;
+-----------+---------------+
| post      | avg_salary    |
+-----------+---------------+
| operation |  16800.026000 |
| teacher   | 151842.901429 |
+-----------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

3. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资,结果按平均薪资降序排列
mysql> mysql> select post,avg(salary) as avg_salary from employee group by post having avg(salary order by avg_salary desc;
+-----------+---------------+
| post      | avg_salary    |
+-----------+---------------+
| teacher   | 151842.901429 |
| operation |  16800.026000 |
+-----------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.8.7sql语句的执行顺序验证

mysql续集2

"这里只能order by select的几个列，即 post,avg(salary) as avg_salary，因为代码的执行顺序"
mysql> select post,avg(salary) as avg_salary from employee group by post having avg(salary)>10000 order by id desc;
ERROR 1055 (42000):db1.employee.id isnt in GROUP BY
"因为select的几个列即 post,avg(salary) as avg_salary 还没执行到，所以不能再having里使用列的别名"
mysql> select post,avg(salary) as avg_salary from employee group by post having avg_salary>10000;  
ERROR 1463 (42000): Non-grouping field 'avg_salary' is used in HAVING clause

2.8.8limit

示例：
    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC 
        LIMIT 3;                    #默认初始位置为0 ,共取三条

    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
        LIMIT 0,5; #从第0开始，即先查询出第一条，然后包含这一条在内往后查5条

    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
        LIMIT 5,5; #从第5开始，即先查询出第6条，然后包含这一条在内往后查5条

mysql> select * from employee limit 0,5;
+----+-----------+------+-----+------------+------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name      | sex  | age | hire_date  | post       | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
+----+-----------+------+-----+------------+------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
|  1 | egon      | male |  18 | 2017-03-01 | 大使Post   | NULL         |    7300.33 |    401 |         1 |
|  2 | alex      | male |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher    | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
|  3 | wupeiqi   | male |  81 | 2013-03-05 | teacher    | NULL         |    8300.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  4 | yuanhao   | male |  73 | 2014-07-01 | teacher    | NULL         |    3500.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  5 | liwenzhou | male |  28 | 2012-11-01 | teacher    | NULL         |    2100.00 |    401 |         1 |
+----+-----------+------+-----+------------+------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from employee limit 5,5;
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
| id | name       | sex    | age | hire_date  | post    | post_comment | salary   | office | depart_id |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
|  6 | jingliyang | female |  18 | 2011-02-11 | teacher | NULL         |  9000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  7 | jinxin     | male   |  18 | 1900-03-01 | teacher | NULL         | 30000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  8 | 成龙       | male   |  48 | 2010-11-11 | teacher | NULL         | 10000.00 |    401 |         1 |
|  9 | 歪歪       | female |  48 | 2015-03-11 | sale    | NULL         |  3000.13 |    402 |         2 |
| 10 | 丫丫       | female |  38 | 2010-11-01 | sale    | NULL         |  2000.35 |    402 |         2 |
+----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2.8.9正则表达式查询

SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name REGEXP '^ale';
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name REGEXP 'on$';
SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name REGEXP 'm{2}';

小结：对字符串匹配的方式
WHERE name = 'egon';
WHERE name LIKE 'yua%';
WHERE name REGEXP 'on$';

mysql> select * from employee where name REGEXP '^a';
+----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
| id | name | sex  | age | hire_date  | post    | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
+----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
|  2 | alex | male |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
+----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/10983441/2398951