我们都知道C++中虚函数的作用是允许在派生类中重新定义与基类同名的函数,并且可以通过基类指针或引用来访问基类和派生类中的同名函数[1]。
比如
base *b = new derived();
b.display();//调用的是derived::display()
那如果在构造函数中调用虚函数呢?
1 构造函数中调用虚函数
eg
class base
{
public:
int a;
base():a(0)
{
cout<<"base constructor call show"<<endl;
show();
}
virtual void show()
{
cout<<a<<endl;
}
};
class der:public base
{
public:
der()
{
cout<<"derived constructor call show"<<endl;
show();
}
virtual void show()
{
++a;
cout<<a<<endl;
}
};
int main(int argc ,char* argv[])
{
base* b=new der();
cout<<endl<<"direct call show()"<<endl;
b->show();
return 0;
}
/*output
base constructor call show
0
derived constructor call show
1
direct call show()
2
*/
可以看出,这种情况下当前派生级别的虚函数会被调用
2 子类调用父类成员函数,该成员函数调用虚函数
eg
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class base
{
public:
int a;
base():a(0)
{
cout<<"base constructor call test"<<endl;
test();
}
void test()
{
cout<<"base test call show"<<endl;
show();
}
virtual void show()
{
cout<<a<<endl;
}
};
class der:public base
{
public:
der()
{
cout<<"derived constructor call test"<<endl;
test();
}
virtual void show()
{
++a;
cout<<a<<endl;
}
};
int main(int argc ,char* argv[])
{
base* b=new der();
cout<<endl<<"direct call show()"<<endl;
b->show();
return 0;
}
/*output
base constructor call test
base test call show
0
derived constructor call test
base test call show
1
direct call show()
2
*/
可以看出,这种情况下,父类的成员函数会调用子类的虚函数。因为子类是最开始的调用者