随着Internet的普及，网络信息正以极高的速度增长，在这么多数据中找到自己需要的信息是一件很繁琐的事情，找到需要的信息后如何获取也是件麻烦的事。这就需要Internet信息抓取程序来代替人工的操作。 所谓Internet信息抓取程序，就是程序会按照用户的关键词或关键网站来收集相应的信息，并提供给用户想要的信息格式。 信息量的增加会带来信息网站发布人员工作量的剧增，为实现信息发布系统实现信息自 动发布、减少工作人员工作量、即时跟踪最新信息，就需要自动信息提供程序，因此Internet信息抓取程序应运而生。 目标 实现自定义网站信息分类抓取，存入本地数据库、生成静态页面或其它用户定义的信息结构，并下载与信息相关的多媒体文件。 开发 l 目标站点结构分析 本步骤是准确抓取信息个关键。 首先要选择更新频率高的页面做为抓取地址，然后分析要抓取内容页面url特点。 然后分析要抓取信息页面的元素特性，比如标题位置，内容位置 等，得到定位标记点。 将以上信息写成自己的配置文件或存到数据库中。 每个网站都需要分析，写出单独的配置文件，供抓取程序使用。 l 信息提取 根据配置文件取得要抓取页面url，使用HttpWebRequest类获取内容：
//
获取http页面函数
public
string
Get_Http(
string
a_strUrl,
int
timeout)
{
string strResult ; try
{ HttpWebRequest myReq = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(a_strUrl) ; myReq.Timeout = timeout; HttpWebResponse HttpWResp = (HttpWebResponse)myReq.GetResponse(); Stream myStream = HttpWResp.GetResponseStream () ; StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(myStream , Encoding.Default); StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder(); while (-1 != sr.Peek()) { strBuilder.Append(sr.ReadLine()+"\r\n");
} strResult = strBuilder.ToString(); } catch(Exception exp) { strResult = "错误：" + exp.Message ; } return strResult ; 
}
获取页面内容后，分析页面中连接地址取到要抓取的url：
//
处理页面标题和链接
public
string
SniffWebUrl(
string
urlStr,
string
blockB,
string
blockE )
{ string urlch1 = ""; string urlch2 = ""; int end_n1 = 0; int end_nums = 0; int end_nums1 = 0; int end_nums2 = 0; int end_nums3 = 0; string reUTStr = ""; string reTitle = ""; string ret = ""; try { int pos01 = urlStr.IndexOf( "." ); int pos02 = urlStr.LastIndexOf( "/" ); if( pos01 < 0 ) { return ""; } if( pos02 < 0 ) { return ""; } int pos03 = urlStr.IndexOf( "/",pos01 ); if ( pos03 < 0 ) { urlch1 = urlStr; urlch2 = urlStr; } else { urlch1 = urlStr.Substring( 0,pos03 ); urlch2 = urlStr.Substring( 0,pos02 ); } string tmpAllStr = new PublicFun().Get_Http( urlStr ,time1); int pos1 = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( blockB ); int pos2 = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( blockE,pos1 + blockB.Length ); if ( pos1>0 && pos2>0 && pos2>pos1 ) { ret = tmpAllStr.Substring( pos1 + blockB.Length,pos2 - pos1 - blockB.Length ); ret = ret.Substring( ret.IndexOf( "<" )); while( ret.IndexOf( "<A" ) >= 0 ) { ret = ret.Substring( 0,ret.IndexOf( "<A" ) ) + "<a" + ret.Substring( ret.IndexOf( "<A" ) + 2 ); } while( ret.IndexOf( "</A" ) >=0 ) { ret = ret.Substring( 0,ret.IndexOf( "</A" ) ) + "</a" + ret.Substring( ret.IndexOf( "</A" ) + 3 ); } while( ret.IndexOf( "Href=" ) >=0 ) { ret = ret.Substring( 0,ret.IndexOf( "Href=" )) + "href=" + ret.Substring( ret.IndexOf( "Href=" ) + 5 ); } while( ret.IndexOf( "HREF=" ) >=0 ) { ret = ret.Substring( 0,ret.IndexOf( "HREF=" )) + "href=" + ret.Substring( ret.IndexOf( "HREF=" ) + 5 ); } while( ret.IndexOf( "href='" ) >=0 ) { ret = ret.Substring( 0,ret.IndexOf( "href='" )) + "href=\"" + ret.Substring( ret.IndexOf( "href='" ) + 6 ); } } tmpAllStr = ret; int begin_nums = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( "href=" ); while ( begin_nums >= 0 ) { string tmpStrA = ""; string tmpStrB = tmpAllStr.Substring( begin_nums + 5,1 ); if ( tmpStrB == "\"" ) { end_n1 = begin_nums + 6; if ( ( end_n1 + 1 ) > tmpAllStr.Length ) { return ""; } tmpStrA = tmpAllStr.Substring( begin_nums+6,1 ); } else { end_n1 = begin_nums + 5; tmpStrA = tmpStrB; } if ( tmpStrA == "#" ) { tmpAllStr = tmpAllStr.Substring( end_n1 ); begin_nums = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( "href=" ); } else { end_nums1 = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( " ",end_n1 ); end_nums2 = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( ">",end_n1 ); end_nums3 = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( "</a",end_nums2 ); if ( ( end_nums3 >= 0 ) && ( end_nums2 >= 0 ) ) { reTitle = tmpAllStr.Substring( end_nums2 + 1,end_nums3 - end_nums2 - 1 ); if ( end_nums1 > end_nums2 ) { end_nums = end_nums2; } else { if ( end_nums1 < 0 ) { end_nums = end_nums2; } else { end_nums = end_nums1; } } string str4 = tmpAllStr.Substring( end_nums-1, end_nums - end_nums + 1 ); if ( str4 =="\"" || str4 == "'" ) { end_nums = end_nums - 1; } string sTotalOne = tmpAllStr.Substring( end_n1,end_nums - end_n1 ); if ( sTotalOne.IndexOf( "http://" ) <0 ) { if ( sTotalOne.IndexOf( "/" ) == 0 ) { sTotalOne = urlch1 + sTotalOne; } else { int linshiIntNum = 0; int flags = 0; string urlChange = urlStr;; while( sTotalOne.IndexOf( "../" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalOne = sTotalOne.Substring( sTotalOne.IndexOf( "../" ) + 3 ); linshiIntNum = linshiIntNum + 1; flags = flags +1; } while( ( urlChange.LastIndexOf( "/" ) >= 0 ) && ( linshiIntNum >= 0 ) ) { urlChange = urlChange.Substring( 0,urlChange.LastIndexOf( "/" ) ); linshiIntNum = linshiIntNum - 1; } if ( flags == 0 ) { sTotalOne = urlch2 + "/" + sTotalOne; } else { sTotalOne = urlChange + "/" + sTotalOne; } } } reUTStr = reUTStr + new PublicFun().RemoveHtmlCode( reTitle ) + sTotalOne; tmpAllStr = tmpAllStr.Substring( end_nums3 + 4 ); begin_nums = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( "href=" ); } else { begin_nums = -1; } } } return reUTStr; } catch( Exception e) { return ""; } }
得到要抓取内容的url后，处理该页面：
//
获取链接内容并分类处理
public
string
GetWebContent(
string
gatherUrl,
string
subUrl,
string
subTitle,
string
b_Content,
string
e_Content,
string
b_Filter,
string
e_Filter,
string
root )
{ string tmpAllStr = ""; string dfStrB = ""; string dfStrE = ""; string rePicStr = "";//图片返回路径 string reContentStr = ""; string picHtml = "images"; //本地图片路径 string urlch1 =""; string urlch2 =""; int pos1 = gatherUrl.IndexOf( "." ); int pos2 = gatherUrl.LastIndexOf( "/" ); if( pos1 < 0 ) { return ""; } if( pos2 < 0 ) { return ""; } int pos3 = gatherUrl.IndexOf( "/",pos1 ); if ( pos3 < 0 ) { urlch1 = gatherUrl; urlch2 = gatherUrl; } else { urlch1 = gatherUrl.Substring( 0,pos3 ); urlch2 = gatherUrl.Substring( 0,pos2 ); } tmpAllStr = new PublicFun().Get_Http( subUrl,time1 ); //取稿源 string docFromStr = ""; if ( dfStrB != "" && dfStrE != "" ) { if ( tmpAllStr != "" ) { int b_docF = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( dfStrB ); if ( b_docF > 0 ) { int e_docF = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( dfStrE,b_docF + dfStrB.Length ); if ( e_docF > 0 && e_docF > b_docF && e_docF - b_docF < 20 ) { docFromStr = tmpAllStr.Substring( b_docF + dfStrB.Length, e_docF - b_docF - dfStrB.Length ); } } } } //取内容 if ( tmpAllStr != "" ) { int begin_strnum = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( b_Content ); if ( begin_strnum < 0 ) { return ""; } int end_strnum = tmpAllStr.IndexOf( e_Content,begin_strnum + b_Content.Length ); if ( end_strnum < 0 ) { return ""; } string sTotalSubM = ""; if ( end_strnum > begin_strnum ) { sTotalSubM = tmpAllStr.Substring ( begin_strnum,end_strnum - begin_strnum ); } if ( sTotalSubM == "" ) { return ""; } //过滤无用信息 int bfnum = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( b_Filter ); if ( bfnum > -1 ) { int efnum = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( e_Filter,bfnum ); if ( efnum > -1 ) { if ( efnum > bfnum ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,bfnum ) + sTotalSubM.Substring( efnum + e_Filter.Length ); } } } //格式化图片标记 while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "Src=" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "Src=" ) ) + "src=" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "Src=" ) + 4 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "SRC=" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "SRC=" ) ) + "src=" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "SRC=" ) + 4 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "src='" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "src='" ) ) + "src=\"" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "src='" ) + 5 ); } //取图片地址 int end_n12 = 0; int end_nums2 = 0; int begin_nums2 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "src=" ); while( begin_nums2 >= 0 ) { String tmpStr = sTotalSubM.Substring( begin_nums2 + 4,1 ); if ( tmpStr == "\"" ) { end_n12 = begin_nums2 + 5; } else { end_n12 = begin_nums2 + 4; } int end_nums2a = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( " ",end_n12 ); int end_nums2b = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( ">",end_n12 ); if ( end_nums2b < 0 ) { break; } if ( end_nums2a > end_nums2b ) { end_nums2 = end_nums2b; } else { if (end_nums2a<0) { end_nums2 = end_nums2b; } else { end_nums2 = end_nums2a; } } tmpStr = sTotalSubM.Substring( end_nums2-1,1 ); if ( tmpStr == "\"" || tmpStr == "'" ) { end_nums2 = end_nums2 - 1; } string tmpPicStr = sTotalSubM.Substring( end_n12,end_nums2 - end_n12 ); if ( tmpPicStr.IndexOf( "http://" ) < 0 ) { if ( tmpPicStr.IndexOf( "/" ) == 0 ) { tmpPicStr = urlch1 + tmpPicStr; } else { int linshiIntNum = 0; int flags = 0; string urlChange = subUrl; while( tmpPicStr.IndexOf( "../" ) >= 0 ) { tmpPicStr = tmpPicStr.Substring( tmpPicStr.IndexOf("../") + 3 ); linshiIntNum = linshiIntNum + 1; flags = flags + 1; } while( ( urlChange.LastIndexOf( "/" ) >= 0 ) && ( linshiIntNum >= 0 ) ) { urlChange = urlChange.Substring( 0,urlChange.LastIndexOf( "/" ) ); linshiIntNum = linshiIntNum - 1; } if ( flags == 0 ) { tmpPicStr = urlch2 + "/" + tmpPicStr; } else { tmpPicStr = urlChange + "/" + tmpPicStr; } } } //tmpPicStr = tmpPicStr.ToLower(); string tmpPicStrTmp = tmpPicStr.ToLower(); //if ( tmpPicStr.IndexOf( ".jpg" ) > 0 || tmpPicStr.IndexOf( ".gif" ) > 0 || tmpPicStr.IndexOf( ".bmp" ) > 0 ) if ( tmpPicStrTmp.IndexOf( ".jpg" ) > 0 || tmpPicStrTmp.IndexOf( ".gif" ) > 0 || tmpPicStrTmp.IndexOf( ".bmp" ) > 0 ) { rePicStr = rePicStr + "||" + tmpPicStr ; int flagN2 = tmpPicStr.LastIndexOf( "/" ); string fileN2 = picHtml + tmpPicStr.Substring( flagN2 ); sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,end_nums2 ) + ">******" + fileN2 + "******<" + sTotalSubM.Substring( end_nums2 ); begin_nums2 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "src=", end_nums2 + fileN2.Length + 22 ); } else { begin_nums2 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "src=", end_nums2 + 4 ); } } if ( rePicStr.Length > 2 ) rePicStr = rePicStr.Substring(2); //内容处理 格式化关键标记 while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<P" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<P" ) ) + "|****|<" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<P" ) + 2 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<p" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<p" ) ) + "|****|<" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<p" ) + 2 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "</P" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "</P" ) ) + "|****|<" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "</P" ) + 3 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "</p" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "</p" ) ) + "|****|<" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "</p" ) + 3 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<br" ) >=0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<br" ) ) + "+****+<" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<br" ) + 3 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<BR" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<BR" ) ) + "+****+<" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<BR" ) + 3 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<Br" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<Br" ) ) + "+****+<" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<Br" ) + 3 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<bR" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<bR" ) ) + "+****+<" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<bR" ) + 3 ); } //去除html标记 int linshiInt1 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<" ); int linshiInt2 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( ">" ); if ( linshiInt2 < linshiInt1 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( linshiInt2 + 1 ); } int linshiInt11 = sTotalSubM.LastIndexOf( "<" ); int linshiInt12 = sTotalSubM.LastIndexOf( ">" ); if ( linshiInt12 < linshiInt11 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,linshiInt12 + 1 ); } linshiInt1 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "<" ); while ( linshiInt1 >= 0 ) { linshiInt2 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( ">",linshiInt1 ); if ( linshiInt2 >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,linshiInt1 ) + sTotalSubM.Substring( linshiInt2 + 1 ); } else { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,linshiInt1 ); } linshiInt1 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf("<"); } //还原关键标记 int linshiInt3 = 0; int linshiInt4 = 0; while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "+****+" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "+****+" ) ) + "<br>\n" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "+****+" ) + 9 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "|****|" ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "|****|" ) ) + "<br>\n" + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "|****|" ) + 9 ); } while( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "******" ) >= 0 ) { linshiInt3 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "******" ) + 9; linshiInt4 = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "******",linshiInt3 ); if ( linshiInt4 >= 0 ) { int tmpPos = sTotalSubM.IndexOf( "******" ); string tmpStr1 = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,tmpPos ); string tmpStr2 = sTotalSubM.Substring( linshiInt3,linshiInt4 - linshiInt3 ); string tmpStr3 = sTotalSubM.Substring( linshiInt4 + 9 ); sTotalSubM = tmpStr1 + "<img src=" + tmpStr2 + ">" + tmpStr3; } else { break; } } //去除内容中的标题 if ( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( subTitle ) >= 0 ) { sTotalSubM = sTotalSubM.Substring( 0,sTotalSubM.IndexOf( subTitle ) ) + sTotalSubM.Substring( sTotalSubM.IndexOf( subTitle ) + subTitle.Length ); } reContentStr = sTotalSubM; //调用下载图片功能 //下载图片到指定目录 string[] img_Url = new PublicFun().split( rePicStr,"||" ); for ( int i=0;i<img_Url.Length;i++ ) { if ( img_Url[i] != "" ) { new PublicFun().Get_Img( img_Url[i],10000,root + "\\images\\" + img_Url[i].Substring( img_Url[i].LastIndexOf("/")+1 ) ); } } } return reContentStr; }
以上方法返回要取得的信息，包括标题内容，图片地址等。 下载页面中图片：
//
下载图片
public
void
Get_Img(
string
a_strUrl,
int
timeout,
string
filepath)
{ try { HttpWebRequest myReq = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(a_strUrl) ; myReq.Timeout = timeout; HttpWebResponse HttpWResp = (HttpWebResponse)myReq.GetResponse(); Stream myStream = HttpWResp.GetResponseStream () ; Bitmap map = new Bitmap( myStream ); PictureBox picB = new PictureBox(); picB.Image = (Image)map; string path = filepath.Substring( 0,filepath.LastIndexOf( "\\" ) ); if (!Directory.Exists(path)) { CreateDir( path ); } picB.Image.Save(filepath); } catch(Exception exp) { string ss = exp.Message; WriteLog( filepath.Substring(0,filepath.LastIndexOf("\\")) + "\\error.log",a_strUrl + "--" + ss + "\r\n"); } }
l 保存文件或入库 上面取得的信息可以按自己的要求保存。
****
设计的时候没有使用url按层次循环抓取，这样定义抓取url效率更高，速度更快。
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