Android开发实践：布局的平分

从一个简单的任务入手，“如何在水平方向上一左一右均匀地放置两个Button”，有很多种方式可以实现这个功能，在此做一个简单的总结，顺便深入理解下有关 gravity, layout_weight 等相关概念的原理和应用。

一、效果图

二、思考 RelativeLayout 和 LinearLayout 中分别如何左右放置button

（1） 在RelativeLayout中放置

由于 RelativeLayout 内部的子控件都可以指定相对位置，因此很容易实现左右放置两个Button的任务，如下所示：

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< RelativeLayout      android:layout_width = "match_parent"      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 　　  android:orientation = "horizontal" > 　　       < Button 　　      android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 　　      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 　　      android:text = "Left Button"          android:layout_alignParentLeft = "true" /> 　　  　   < Button 　　      android:layout_width = "wrap_content" 　　       android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 　　       android:text = "Right Button" 　　       android:layout_alignParentRight = "true" /> 　　  </ RelativeLayout >

效果如图所示：

（2） 在LinearLayout中放置

由于LinearLayout是顺序排放所有的控件，如果希望两个button分开地位于一左一右，则必须在两个Button之间再加一个layout_weight为1.0的隐形view才能实现。示例如下：

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< LinearLayout      android:layout_width = "match_parent"      android:layout_height = "wrap_content"      android:layout_margin = "10dp"      android:orientation = "horizontal" >                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        < Button          android:layout_width = "wrap_content"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:text = "Left Button" />                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        < View          android:layout_width = "0dp"          android:layout_weight = "1.0"          android:layout_height = "0dp" />                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        < Button          android:layout_width = "wrap_content"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:text = "Right Button" />                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   </ LinearLayout >

效果如图所示：

三、 在水平方向“均分”整个Layout

其实，对于LinearLayout而言，最简单地平分方式就是将子控件的layout_width属性值设置为0，同时layout_weight属性设置为1.0这样，所有的子控件就会自动均分整个LinearLayout ，例如：

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< LinearLayout      android:layout_width = "match_parent" 　　  android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 　　  android:layout_margin = "10dp" 　　  android:orientation = "horizontal" > 　　  　　 < Button 　　      android:layout_width = "0dp" 　　      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 　　      android:layout_weight = "1.0" 　　      android:text = "Left Button" /> 　　       < Button 　　      android:layout_width = "0dp" 　　      android:layout_height = "wrap_content" 　　      android:layout_weight = "1.0"      　　       android:text = "Right" /> 　　  </ LinearLayout >

效果如图：

由图中效果可以看到，两个Button很好地一左一右平分了整个LinearLayout，但是由于Button的layout_width设置的是0dp，通过layout_weight来决定长度，因此Button都被横向拉长了，如果希望Button的layout_width设置为wrap_content，那该如何实现均分呢？其实，可以通过在Button外再包围一层LinearLayout来实现，示例如下：

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< LinearLayout      android:layout_width = "match_parent"      android:layout_height = "wrap_content"      android:layout_margin = "10dp"      android:orientation = "horizontal" >                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             < LinearLayout          android:layout_width = "0dp"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:layout_weight = "1.0"          android:orientation = "horizontal" >                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     < Button          android:layout_width = "wrap_content"              android:layout_height = "wrap_content"                     android:text = "Left Button"              android:layout_gravity = "center" />      </ LinearLayout >                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          < LinearLayout          android:layout_width = "0dp"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:layout_weight = "1.0"          android:orientation = "horizontal"          android:gravity = "center_horizontal" >                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              < Button          android:layout_width = "wrap_content"              android:layout_height = "wrap_content"              android:text = "Right Button" />      </ LinearLayout > </ LinearLayout >

这样地话，由两个Button外围的LinearLayout平分了整个水平的layout，两个button的大小采用wrap_content，也不会被拉伸，并且通过外围的LinearLayout的android:gravity属性实现了居中。

这里注意Button外围的LinearLayout的android:gravity属性，很关键，该属性决定其子控件在该控件中的位置。所以Button外围的LinearLayout设置了android:gravity="center"，因此Button才能在该LinearLayout的正中央。

思考，如果给Button加一个android:gravity="right"的属性，会是什么效果呢？

答案： 会使得 Button 内部的文字向右靠齐，而不是在中央。

本文转自 Jhuster 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/ticktick/1321114，如需转载请自行联系原作者