1.有时被称作发布/订阅模式,观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象同时监听某一个主题对象。这个主题对象在状态发生变化时,会通知所有观察者对象,使它们能够自动更新自己。在oc中也常用到这种设计模式:KVO、通知。
2.模式中主要包括四部分:抽象主题、具体主题、抽象观察者、具体观察者
抽象主题(Subject):它把所有观察者对象的引用保存到一个聚集里,每个主题都可以有任何数量的观察者。抽象主题提供一个接口,可以增加和删除观察者对象。
具体主题(ConcreteSubject):将有关状态存入具体观察者对象;在具体主题内部状态改变时,给所有登记过的观察者发出通知。
抽象观察者(Observer):为所有的具体观察者定义一个接口,在得到主题通知时更新自己。
具体观察者(ConcreteObserver):实现抽象观察者角色所要求的更新接口,以便使本身的状态与主题状态协调
3.UML类图
百度百科上有个类图,觉得还可以,就截图贴了进来
4.实现
1.代码结构
2.代码实现
抽象主题 Subject.h
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Observer.h"
@protocol Subject <NSObject>
-(void) attachObserver:(id<Observer>)observer;
-(void) detachObserver:(id<Observer>)observer;
-(void) notify;
@end
具体主题 ConcreteSubject 实现抽象主题
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#include "Subject.h"
#import "Observer.h"
@interface ConcreteSubject : NSObject<Subject>
@end
#import "ConcreteSubject.h"
@interface ConcreteSubject ()
@property(nonatomic,strong) NSMutableArray *ObserverList;
@end
@implementation ConcreteSubject
-(instancetype)init
{
self=[super init];
if (self) {
_ObserverList=[[NSMutableArray alloc]init];
}
return self;
}
-(void) attachObserver:(id<Observer>)observer
{
[self.ObserverList addObject:observer];
}
-(void) detachObserver:(id<Observer>)observer
{
[self.ObserverList removeObject:observer];
}
-(void) notify
{
NSLog(@"天气预报下大雨了");
for (id<Observer> observer in _ObserverList) {
[observer update];
}
}
@end
抽象观察者
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@protocol Observer <NSObject>
@optional
//新闻联播
-(void)update;
@end
具体观察者1
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Observer.h"
@interface ConcreteObserverOne : NSObject<Observer>
@end
#import "ConcreteObserverOne.h"
@implementation ConcreteObserverOne
-(void)update
{
NSLog(@"下雨了可以卖伞了");
}
@end
具体观察者2
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Observer.h"
@interface ConcreteObserverTwo : NSObject<Observer>
@end
#import "ConcreteObserverTwo.h"
@implementation ConcreteObserverTwo
-(void)update
{
NSLog(@"下雨了不上班了");
}
@end
运行:
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "ConcreteObserverOne.h"
#import "ConcreteObserverTwo.h"
#import "ConcreteSubject.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
ConcreteSubject *subject=[[ConcreteSubject alloc]init];
ConcreteObserverOne *observer1=[[ConcreteObserverOne alloc]init];
[subject attachObserver:observer1];
ConcreteObserverTwo *observer2=[[ConcreteObserverTwo alloc]init];
[subject attachObserver:observer2];
[subject detachObserver:observer2];
[subject notify];
}
return 0;
}
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "ConcreteObserverOne.h"
#import "ConcreteObserverTwo.h"
#import "ConcreteSubject.h"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
ConcreteSubject *subject=[[ConcreteSubject alloc]init];
ConcreteObserverOne *observer1=[[ConcreteObserverOne alloc]init];
[subject attachObserver:observer1];
ConcreteObserverTwo *observer2=[[ConcreteObserverTwo alloc]init];
[subject attachObserver:observer2];
[subject detachObserver:observer2];
[subject notify];
}
return 0;
}