1，在根目录下创建images目录，然后依次创建iso和test。其中ISO目录是存放ISO镜像的，test是存放虚拟机的主机名的，然后把Linux安装镜像的iso文件，上传到iso文件夹里
|
1
2
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[root@KVM ~]
# mkdir -p /images/iso
[root@KVM ~]
# mkdir -p /images/test
|
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1
2
3
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[root@KVM ~]
# ll /data/iso/
total 407556
-rw-r--r-- 1 qemu qemu 417333248 Aug 5 09:11 CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso
|
2，安装Linux虚拟主机：
a)安装raw磁盘格式的虚拟机：
|
1
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[root@KVM images]
#virt-install --name hadoop2 --ram 1024 --vcpus 1 --disk path=/images/test/hadoop2.img,size=10 --network bridge=br0,model=virtio --noautoconsole --accelerate --vnc --vncport=5912 --vnclisten=0.0.0.0 --cdrom /images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso -d
|
b)安装qcow2格式的磁盘（空间动态增长），首先要先创建qcow2格式的磁盘。
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1
2
3
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[root@KVM
test
]
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 hadoop3.img 10G
Formatting
'hadoop3.img'
,
fmt
=qcow2 size=10737418240 encryption=off cluster_size=65536
[root@KVM
test
]
# virt-install --name=hadoop3 --ram 512 --vcpus=1 --disk path=/images/test/hadoop3.img,format=qcow2,size=7,bus=virtio --accelerate --cdrom /images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso -d --vnc --vncport=5913 --network network:default --noautoconsole
|
具体的安装信息，如下：
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[root@KVM
test
]
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 hadoop3.img 10G
Formatting
'hadoop3.img'
,
fmt
=qcow2 size=10737418240 encryption=off cluster_size=65536
[root@KVM
test
]
# virt-install --name=hadoop3 --ram 512 --vcpus=1 --disk path=/images/test/hadoop3.img,format=qcow2,size=7,bus=virtio --accelerate --cdrom /images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso -d --vnc --vncport=5913 --network network:default --noautoconsole
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Launched with
command
line:
/usr/sbin/virt-install
--name=hadoop3 --
ram
512 --vcpus=1 --disk path=
/images/test/hadoop3
.img,
format
=qcow2,size=7,bus=virtio --accelerate --cdrom
/images/iso/CentOS-6
.5-x86_64-minimal.iso -d --vnc --vncport=5913 --network network:default --noautoconsole
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Requesting libvirt URI default
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Received libvirt URI qemu:
///system
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Requesting virt method
'default'
, hv
type
'default'
.
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 WARNING KVM acceleration not available, using
'qemu'
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Received virt method
'hvm'
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Hypervisor name is
'qemu'
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG --graphics compat generated: vnc,port=5913
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG DistroInstaller location is a
local
file
/path
:
/images/iso/CentOS-6
.5-x86_64-minimal.iso
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Guest.has_install_phase: True
Starting
install
...
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Generated
install
XML:
<domain
type
=
'qemu'
>
<name>hadoop3<
/name
>
<uuid>ae9def17-b45b-f9ea-4ff9-ece22c95503e<
/uuid
>
<memory>524288<
/memory
>
<currentMemory>524288<
/currentMemory
>
<vcpu>1<
/vcpu
>
<os>
<
type
arch=
'x86_64'
>hvm<
/type
>
<boot dev=
'cdrom'
/>
<boot dev=
'hd'
/>
<
/os
>
<features>
<acpi/><apic/><pae/>
<
/features
>
<clock offset=
"utc"
/>
<on_poweroff>destroy<
/on_poweroff
>
<on_reboot>destroy<
/on_reboot
>
<on_crash>destroy<
/on_crash
>
<devices>
<emulator>
/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
<
/emulator
>
<disk
type
=
'file'
device=
'disk'
>
<driver name=
'qemu'
type
=
'qcow2'
cache=
'none'
/>
<
source
file
=
'/images/test/hadoop3.img'
/>
<target dev=
'vda'
bus=
'virtio'
/>
<
/disk
>
<disk
type
=
'file'
device=
'cdrom'
>
<driver name=
'qemu'
/>
<
source
file
=
'/images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso'
/>
<target dev=
'hdc'
bus=
'ide'
/>
<
readonly
/>
<
/disk
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-ehci1'
>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci1'
>
<master startport=
'0'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci2'
>
<master startport=
'2'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci3'
>
<master startport=
'4'
/>
<
/controller
>
<interface
type
=
'network'
>
<
source
network=
'default'
/>
<mac address=
'52:54:00:87:5b:c0'
/>
<
/interface
>
<input
type
=
'mouse'
bus=
'ps2'
/>
<graphics
type
=
'vnc'
port=
'5913'
/>
<console
type
=
'pty'
/>
<video>
<model
type
=
'cirrus'
/>
<
/video
>
<
/devices
>
<
/domain
>
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Generated boot XML:
<domain
type
=
'qemu'
>
<name>hadoop3<
/name
>
<uuid>ae9def17-b45b-f9ea-4ff9-ece22c95503e<
/uuid
>
<memory>524288<
/memory
>
<currentMemory>524288<
/currentMemory
>
<vcpu>1<
/vcpu
>
<os>
<
type
arch=
'x86_64'
>hvm<
/type
>
<boot dev=
'hd'
/>
<
/os
>
<features>
<acpi/><apic/><pae/>
<
/features
>
<clock offset=
"utc"
/>
<on_poweroff>destroy<
/on_poweroff
>
<on_reboot>restart<
/on_reboot
>
<on_crash>restart<
/on_crash
>
<devices>
<emulator>
/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
<
/emulator
>
<disk
type
=
'file'
device=
'disk'
>
<driver name=
'qemu'
type
=
'qcow2'
cache=
'none'
/>
<
source
file
=
'/images/test/hadoop3.img'
/>
<target dev=
'vda'
bus=
'virtio'
/>
<
/disk
>
<disk
type
=
'block'
device=
'cdrom'
>
<target dev=
'hdc'
bus=
'ide'
/>
<
readonly
/>
<
/disk
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-ehci1'
>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci1'
>
<master startport=
'0'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci2'
>
<master startport=
'2'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci3'
>
<master startport=
'4'
/>
<
/controller
>
<interface
type
=
'network'
>
<
source
network=
'default'
/>
<mac address=
'52:54:00:87:5b:c0'
/>
<
/interface
>
<input
type
=
'mouse'
bus=
'ps2'
/>
<graphics
type
=
'vnc'
port=
'5913'
/>
<console
type
=
'pty'
/>
<video>
<model
type
=
'cirrus'
/>
<
/video
>
<
/devices
>
<
/domain
>
Creating domain... | 0 B 00:00
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG Started guest, connecting to console
if
requested
Tue, 02 Feb 2016 14:12:36 DEBUG XML fetched from libvirt object:
<domain
type
=
'qemu'
id
=
'15'
>
<name>hadoop3<
/name
>
<uuid>ae9def17-b45b-f9ea-4ff9-ece22c95503e<
/uuid
>
<memory unit=
'KiB'
>524288<
/memory
>
<currentMemory unit=
'KiB'
>524288<
/currentMemory
>
<vcpu placement=
'static'
>1<
/vcpu
>
<os>
<
type
arch=
'x86_64'
machine=
'rhel6.6.0'
>hvm<
/type
>
<boot dev=
'cdrom'
/>
<boot dev=
'hd'
/>
<
/os
>
<features>
<acpi/>
<apic/>
<pae/>
<
/features
>
<clock offset=
'utc'
/>
<on_poweroff>destroy<
/on_poweroff
>
<on_reboot>destroy<
/on_reboot
>
<on_crash>destroy<
/on_crash
>
<devices>
<emulator>
/usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
<
/emulator
>
<disk
type
=
'file'
device=
'disk'
>
<driver name=
'qemu'
type
=
'qcow2'
cache=
'none'
/>
<
source
file
=
'/images/test/hadoop3.img'
/>
<target dev=
'vda'
bus=
'virtio'
/>
<
alias
name=
'virtio-disk0'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x05'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
<
/disk
>
<disk
type
=
'file'
device=
'cdrom'
>
<driver name=
'qemu'
type
=
'raw'
/>
<
source
file
=
'/images/iso/CentOS-6.5-x86_64-minimal.iso'
/>
<target dev=
'hdc'
bus=
'ide'
/>
<
readonly
/>
<
alias
name=
'ide0-1-0'
/>
<address
type
=
'drive'
controller=
'0'
bus=
'1'
target=
'0'
unit=
'0'
/>
<
/disk
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-ehci1'
>
<
alias
name=
'usb0'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x04'
function
=
'0x7'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci1'
>
<
alias
name=
'usb0'
/>
<master startport=
'0'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x04'
function
=
'0x0'
multifunction=
'on'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci2'
>
<
alias
name=
'usb0'
/>
<master startport=
'2'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x04'
function
=
'0x1'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'usb'
index=
'0'
model=
'ich9-uhci3'
>
<
alias
name=
'usb0'
/>
<master startport=
'4'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x04'
function
=
'0x2'
/>
<
/controller
>
<controller
type
=
'ide'
index=
'0'
>
<
alias
name=
'ide0'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x01'
function
=
'0x1'
/>
<
/controller
>
<interface
type
=
'network'
>
<mac address=
'52:54:00:87:5b:c0'
/>
<
source
network=
'default'
/>
<target dev=
'vnet3'
/>
<
alias
name=
'net0'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x03'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
<
/interface
>
<serial
type
=
'pty'
>
<
source
path=
'/dev/pts/8'
/>
<target port=
'0'
/>
<
alias
name=
'serial0'
/>
<
/serial
>
<console
type
=
'pty'
tty
=
'/dev/pts/8'
>
<
source
path=
'/dev/pts/8'
/>
<target
type
=
'serial'
port=
'0'
/>
<
alias
name=
'serial0'
/>
<
/console
>
<input
type
=
'mouse'
bus=
'ps2'
/>
<graphics
type
=
'vnc'
port=
'5913'
autoport=
'no'
listen=
'127.0.0.1'
>
<listen
type
=
'address'
address=
'127.0.0.1'
/>
<
/graphics
>
<video>
<model
type
=
'cirrus'
vram=
'9216'
heads=
'1'
/>
<
alias
name=
'video0'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x02'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
<
/video
>
<memballoon model=
'virtio'
>
<
alias
name=
'balloon0'
/>
<address
type
=
'pci'
domain=
'0x0000'
bus=
'0x00'
slot=
'0x06'
function
=
'0x0'
/>
<
/memballoon
>
<
/devices
>
<
/domain
>
|
然后按照提示安装步骤一步步来安装，操作系统的安装省略。
也可以通过VNC使用virt-manager远程进行安装管理
[参数说明]
--name 虚拟机名称
--hvm 使用全虚拟化（与para-irtualization向对），不支持xen hypervisor
--ram 虚拟机内存大小
--vcpus 虚拟机虚拟CPU个数
--disk 虚拟机使用的磁盘（文件）的路径，本例中文件放置在/images/test目录下
--network 网络设置，使用默认设置即可
--vnc 设置连接桌面环境的vnc端口，本例是5911
--cdrom 设置光驱获取虚拟光驱文件的路径 -d 指示从光驱启动（ -c 指示从硬盘启动）我们这里是/images/iso
安装时建议一个来安装，否则会出现报错信息
本文转自 lqbyz 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/liqingbiao/1740672
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