SDN网络系统之MiniNet的安装与使用

2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>

MiniNet安装:执行以下指令

$sudo apt install mininet

但运行时会出现

$ sudo mn 
*** No default OpenFlow controller found for default switch!
*** Falling back to OVS Bridge

OpenFlow模块没有安装。

$git clone git://github.com/mininet/mininet

$cd mininet/util/

$ sudo ./install.sh -a

测试安装

$ sudo mn --test pingall
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 
*** Adding switches:
s1 
*** Adding links:
(h1, s1) (h2, s1) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 1 switches
s1 ...
*** Waiting for switches to connect
s1 
*** Ping: testing ping reachability
h1 -> h2 
h2 -> h1 
*** Results: 0% dropped (2/2 received)
*** Stopping 1 controllers
c0 
*** Stopping 2 links
..
*** Stopping 1 switches
s1 
*** Stopping 2 hosts
h1 h2 
*** Done
completed in 5.292 seconds

 

使用很简单，下面以界面截图为例，简单讲述常见的几个命令即可：

 $sudo mn --help
Usage: mn [options]
(type mn -h for details)

The mn utility creates Mininet network from the command line. It can create
parametrized topologies, invoke the Mininet CLI, and run tests.

Options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --switch=SWITCH       default|ivs|lxbr|ovs|ovsbr|ovsk|user[,param=value...]
                        ovs=OVSSwitch default=OVSSwitch ovsk=OVSSwitch
                        lxbr=LinuxBridge user=UserSwitch ivs=IVSSwitch
                        ovsbr=OVSBridge
  --host=HOST           cfs|proc|rt[,param=value...]
                        rt=CPULimitedHost{'sched': 'rt'} proc=Host
                        cfs=CPULimitedHost{'sched': 'cfs'}
  --controller=CONTROLLER
                        default|none|nox|ovsc|ref|remote|ryu[,param=value...]
                        ovsc=OVSController none=NullController
                        remote=RemoteController default=DefaultController
                        nox=NOX ryu=Ryu ref=Controller
  --link=LINK           default|ovs|tc|tcu[,param=value...] default=Link
                        ovs=OVSLink tcu=TCULink tc=TCLink
  --topo=TOPO           linear|minimal|reversed|single|torus|tree[,param=value
                        ...] linear=LinearTopo torus=TorusTopo tree=TreeTopo
                        single=SingleSwitchTopo
                        reversed=SingleSwitchReversedTopo minimal=MinimalTopo
  -c, --clean           clean and exit
  --custom=CUSTOM       read custom classes or params from .py file(s)
  --test=TEST           none|build|all|iperf|pingpair|iperfudp|pingall
  -x, --xterms          spawn xterms for each node
  -i IPBASE, --ipbase=IPBASE
                        base IP address for hosts
  --mac                 automatically set host MACs
  --arp                 set all-pairs ARP entries
  -v VERBOSITY, --verbosity=VERBOSITY
                        info|warning|critical|error|debug|output
  --innamespace         sw and ctrl in namespace?
  --listenport=LISTENPORT
                        base port for passive switch listening
  --nolistenport        don't use passive listening port
  --pre=PRE             CLI script to run before tests
  --post=POST           CLI script to run after tests
  --pin                 pin hosts to CPU cores (requires --host cfs or --host
                        rt)
  --nat                 [option=val...] adds a NAT to the topology that
                        connects Mininet hosts to the physical network.
                        Warning: This may route any traffic on the machine
                        that uses Mininet's IP subnet into the Mininet
                        network. If you need to change Mininet's IP subnet,
                        see the --ipbase option.
  --version             prints the version and exits
  --cluster=server1,server2...
                        run on multiple servers (experimental!)
  --placement=block|random
                        node placement for --cluster (experimental!)

sudo mn用于启动MiniNet(必须root权限)。

~$ sudo mn
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 
*** Adding switches:
s1 
*** Adding links:
(h1, s1) (h2, s1) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 1 switches
s1 ...
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> 

(1)MiniNet已经为大多数应用实现了四种类型的openflow网络拓扑：tree，single，linear和minimal。缺省情况下，创建的是minimal拓扑包括四个元素：one OpenFlow kernel switch connected to two hosts, plus the OpenFlowreference controller（交换机+两个节点+控制器）
(2)--topo 用于建立拓扑的参数，可以建立各种不同的拓扑：

如指定一台交换机，三台主机  

$ sudo mn  --topo single,3 
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 h3 
*** Adding switches:
s1 
*** Adding links:
(h1, s1) (h2, s1) (h3, s1) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 h3 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 1 switches
s1 ...
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> net
h1 h1-eth0:s1-eth1
h2 h2-eth0:s1-eth2
h3 h3-eth0:s1-eth3
s1 lo:  s1-eth1:h1-eth0 s1-eth2:h2-eth0 s1-eth3:h3-eth0
c0

二层八叉树，即九台交换机加上64台主机  

$ sudo mn --switch ovsk --controller ref --topo tree,depth=2,fanout=8 
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10 h11 h12 h13 h14 h15 h16 h17 h18 h19 h20 h21 h22 h23 h24 h25 h26 h27 h28 h29 h30 h31 h32 h33 h34 h35 h36 h37 h38 h39 h40 h41 h42 h43 h44 h45 h46 h47 h48 h49 h50 h51 h52 h53 h54 h55 h56 h57 h58 h59 h60 h61 h62 h63 h64 
*** Adding switches:
s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8 s9 
*** Adding links:
(s1, s2) (s1, s3) (s1, s4) (s1, s5) (s1, s6) (s1, s7) (s1, s8) (s1, s9) (s2, h1) (s2, h2) (s2, h3) (s2, h4) (s2, h5) (s2, h6) (s2, h7) (s2, h8) (s3, h9) (s3, h10) (s3, h11) (s3, h12) (s3, h13) (s3, h14) (s3, h15) (s3, h16) (s4, h17) (s4, h18) (s4, h19) (s4, h20) (s4, h21) (s4, h22) (s4, h23) (s4, h24) (s5, h25) (s5, h26) (s5, h27) (s5, h28) (s5, h29) (s5, h30) (s5, h31) (s5, h32) (s6, h33) (s6, h34) (s6, h35) (s6, h36) (s6, h37) (s6, h38) (s6, h39) (s6, h40) (s7, h41) (s7, h42) (s7, h43) (s7, h44) (s7, h45) (s7, h46) (s7, h47) (s7, h48) (s8, h49) (s8, h50) (s8, h51) (s8, h52) (s8, h53) (s8, h54) (s8, h55) (s8, h56) (s9, h57) (s9, h58) (s9, h59) (s9, h60) (s9, h61) (s9, h62) (s9, h63) (s9, h64) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h7 h8 h9 h10 h11 h12 h13 h14 h15 h16 h17 h18 h19 h20 h21 h22 h23 h24 h25 h26 h27 h28 h29 h30 h31 h32 h33 h34 h35 h36 h37 h38 h39 h40 h41 h42 h43 h44 h45 h46 h47 h48 h49 h50 h51 h52 h53 h54 h55 h56 h57 h58 h59 h60 h61 h62 h63 h64 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 9 switches
s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 s8 s9 ...
*** Starting CLI:

1. minimal——最简单的，设置一个交换机和两个主机的简单拓扑，默认无--topo参数的情况下就是这样。其内部实现就是调用了single,2对应的函数     
2. single,n——设置一个交换机，n个主机与之相连的拓扑
3. tree,depth=x,fanout=y——设置深度为x，每层树枝为y的树形拓扑。这样形成的拓扑的交换机个数就是(y的x次方-1)/(y-1)，形成的主机的个数就是y的x次方。4. linear,x,y——设置线性拓扑，交换机线性相连，有x台交换机，每台交换机上连有y台主机
5. reversed,n——设置一个交换机，n个主机与之相连的拓扑，但是主机端口号大小与交换机端口号大小正好相反，即最小端口号对应交换机最大端口号
6. torus,x,y——设置双向环形拓扑，启动比较麻烦。
            2-D Torus topology 
           WARNING: this topology has LOOPS and WILL NOT WORK            
       with the default controller or any Ethernet bridge            
            without STP turned on! It can be used with STP, e.g.:            
           # mn --topo torus,3,3 --switch lxbr,stp=1 --test pingall

可以用--custom参数使用一个Python 脚本，例如--custom ~/mytopo.py --topo mytopo用于指定open加载Python文件建立自定义拓扑必须在mytopo.py文件中以dictionary的形式定义：topos = { 'mytopo': ( lambda: MyTopo() ) }

$ sudo mn --custom ~/mininet/custom/topo-2sw-2host.py --topo mytopo
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 
*** Adding switches:
s3 s4 
*** Adding links:
(h1, s3) (s3, s4) (s4, h2) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 2 switches
s3 s4 ...
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> 
mininet> nodes
available nodes are: 
c0 h1 h2 s3 s4
mininet> dump
<Host h1: h1-eth0:10.0.0.1 pid=6725> 
<Host h2: h2-eth0:10.0.0.2 pid=6727> 
<OVSSwitch s3: lo:127.0.0.1,s3-eth1:None,s3-eth2:None pid=6732> 
<OVSSwitch s4: lo:127.0.0.1,s4-eth1:None,s4-eth2:None pid=6735> 
<Controller c0: 127.0.0.1:6653 pid=6718> 
mininet> net
h1 h1-eth0:s3-eth1
h2 h2-eth0:s4-eth2
s3 lo:  s3-eth1:h1-eth0 s3-eth2:s4-eth1
s4 lo:  s4-eth1:s3-eth2 s4-eth2:h2-eth0
c0
mininet> s3 ifconfig
enp6s0    Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 20:47:47:72:19:04  
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:0 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:0 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000 
          接收字节:0 (0.0 B)  发送字节:0 (0.0 B)

lo        Link encap:本地环回  
          inet 地址:127.0.0.1  掩码:255.0.0.0
          inet6 地址: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:36142 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:36142 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1 
          接收字节:10517695 (10.5 MB)  发送字节:10517695 (10.5 MB)

s3-eth1   Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 62:77:b4:ad:32:cf  
          inet6 地址: fe80::6077:b4ff:fead:32cf/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:8 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:62 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000 
          接收字节:648 (648.0 B)  发送字节:8488 (8.4 KB)

s3-eth2   Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 12:76:df:23:4d:d1  
          inet6 地址: fe80::1076:dfff:fe23:4dd1/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:35 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:34 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000 
          接收字节:4568 (4.5 KB)  发送字节:4478 (4.4 KB)

s4-eth1   Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 2a:a5:41:38:f1:45  
          inet6 地址: fe80::28a5:41ff:fe38:f145/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:34 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:35 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000 
          接收字节:4478 (4.4 KB)  发送字节:4568 (4.5 KB)

s4-eth2   Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 9a:ec:f4:dd:be:85  
          inet6 地址: fe80::98ec:f4ff:fedd:be85/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:8 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:61 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000 
          接收字节:648 (648.0 B)  发送字节:8398 (8.3 KB)

wlp7s0    Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 4c:34:88:a6:13:a0  
          inet 地址:192.168.0.104  广播:192.168.0.255  掩码:255.255.255.0
          inet6 地址: fe80::351c:c1e9:50ec:91bb/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  跃点数:1
          接收数据包:996508 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 帧数:0
          发送数据包:988661 错误:0 丢弃:0 过载:0 载波:0
          碰撞:0 发送队列长度:1000 
          接收字节:1001980929 (1.0 GB)  发送字节:588414728 (588.4 MB)

详见(http://yuba.stanford.edu/foswiki/bin/view/OpenFlow/MininetWalkthrough)。

在用户主目录下执行了 git clone https://github.com/mininet/mininet，即mininet源码已经克隆到用户主目录，~/mininet/custom/topo-2sw-2host.py文件才存在,该文件定义了两个节点(h1,h2)+两个交换机(s3,s4)+一个转发控制(c0)的网络拓扑。

通过对文件 mininet/custom/topo-2sw-2host.py的修改来自定义拓扑结构

为了不影响原来的内容，把配置模板拷贝到用户主目录

~$ cp ~/mininet/custom/topo-2sw-2host.py mytopo.py

修改mytopo.py增加主机h3，并增加h3到s4的链路，修改后的内容如下：

$ cat mytopo.py 
"""Custom topology example

Two directly connected switches plus a host for each switch:

   host --- switch --- switch --- host

Adding the 'topos' dict with a key/value pair to generate our newly defined
topology enables one to pass in '--topo=mytopo' from the command line.
"""

from mininet.topo import Topo

class MyTopo( Topo ):
    "Simple topology example."

    def __init__( self ):
        "Create custom topo."

        # Initialize topology
        Topo.__init__( self )

        # Add hosts and switches
        leftHost = self.addHost( 'h1' )
        rightHost = self.addHost( 'h2' )
        rightHost1 = self.addHost( 'h3' )
        leftSwitch = self.addSwitch( 's3' )
        rightSwitch = self.addSwitch( 's4' )

        # Add links
        self.addLink( leftHost, leftSwitch )
        self.addLink( leftSwitch, rightSwitch )
        self.addLink( rightSwitch, rightHost )
        self.addLink( rightSwitch, rightHost1 )


topos = { 'mytopo': ( lambda: MyTopo() ) }

运行：

~$ sudo mn --custom mytopo.py --topo mytopo --mac
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 h3 
*** Adding switches:
s3 s4 
*** Adding links:
(h1, s3) (s3, s4) (s4, h2) (s4, h3) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 h3 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 2 switches
s3 s4 ...
*** Starting CLI:

由于 Mininet 也支持参数化拓扑，通过 Python 代码也可以创建一个灵活的拓扑结构,也可根据自定义传递进去的参数进行配置，并且可重用到多个环境中，下面简短列出其代码的大致结构及含义(不需要mn ​​​直接运行py脚本​​​。)

#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf-8 
from mininet.topo import Topo
from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.util import dumpNodeConnections
from mininet.log import setLogLevel
from mininet.cli import CLI
 
class SingleSwitchTopo(Topo):
	def __init__(self, n=2, **opts):
		Topo.__init__(self, **opts)
		switch = self.addSwitch('s1')	#添加一个交换机在拓扑中
		for h in range(n):
			host = self.addHost('h%s' % (h + 1))   #添加主机到拓扑中
			self.addLink(host, switch)   #添加双向连接拓扑
 
def simpleTest():
	topo = SingleSwitchTopo(n=4)
	net = Mininet(topo)    #主要类来创建和管理网络
	net.start()    #启动您的拓扑网络
	print "Dumping host connections"
	dumpNodeConnections(net.hosts)       #转存文件连接
	print "Testing network connectivity"     
	net.pingAll()    #所有节点彼此测试互连
	CLI(net)		#进入mininet>提示符 
	net.stop()       #停止您的网络
 		
if __name__ == '__main__':
	setLogLevel('info')  # 设置 Mininet 默认输出级别，设置 info 它将提供一些有用的信息
	simpleTest()

运行结果如下: 

~$ chmod a+x simpleTest.py
~$ sudo ./simpleTest.py 
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 h3 h4 
*** Adding switches:
s1 
*** Adding links:
(h1, s1) (h2, s1) (h3, s1) (h4, s1) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 h3 h4 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 1 switches
s1 ...
Dumping host connections
h1 h1-eth0:s1-eth1
h2 h2-eth0:s1-eth2
h3 h3-eth0:s1-eth3
h4 h4-eth0:s1-eth4
Testing network connectivity
*** Ping: testing ping reachability
h1 -> h2 h3 h4 
h2 -> h1 h3 h4 
h3 -> h1 h2 h4 
h4 -> h1 h2 h3 
*** Results: 0% dropped (12/12 received)
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> 

也可用miniedit创建和修改拓扑图

$sudo mininet/examples/miniedit.py

使用图形界面设置好拓扑后

，可以将其保存为python脚本mytopo1.py（选择File-Export Level 2 Script），以后直接运行python脚本（需要增加执行权限）即可重现拓扑。

python脚本代码mytopo1.py

#!/usr/bin/python

from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.node import Controller, RemoteController, OVSController
from mininet.node import CPULimitedHost, Host, Node
from mininet.node import OVSKernelSwitch, UserSwitch
from mininet.node import IVSSwitch
from mininet.cli import CLI
from mininet.log import setLogLevel, info
from mininet.link import TCLink, Intf
from subprocess import call

def myNetwork():

    net = Mininet( topo=None,
                   build=False,
                   ipBase='10.0.0.0/8')

    info( '*** Adding controller\n' )
    c0=net.addController(name='c0',
                      controller=Controller,
                      protocol='tcp',
                      port=6633)

    info( '*** Add switches\n')
    s2 = net.addSwitch('s2', cls=OVSKernelSwitch)
    s1 = net.addSwitch('s1', cls=OVSKernelSwitch)

    info( '*** Add hosts\n')
    h5 = net.addHost('h5', cls=Host, ip='10.0.0.5', defaultRoute=None)
    h3 = net.addHost('h3', cls=Host, ip='10.0.0.3', defaultRoute=None)
    h4 = net.addHost('h4', cls=Host, ip='10.0.0.4', defaultRoute=None)
    h2 = net.addHost('h2', cls=Host, ip='10.0.0.2', defaultRoute=None)
    h1 = net.addHost('h1', cls=Host, ip='10.0.0.1', defaultRoute=None)

    info( '*** Add links\n')
    net.addLink(h1, s1)
    net.addLink(h2, s1)
    net.addLink(h3, s1)
    net.addLink(h4, s2)
    net.addLink(h5, s2)

    info( '*** Starting network\n')
    net.build()
    info( '*** Starting controllers\n')
    for controller in net.controllers:
        controller.start()

    info( '*** Starting switches\n')
    net.get('s2').start([c0])
    net.get('s1').start([c0])

    info( '*** Post configure switches and hosts\n')

    CLI(net)
    net.stop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    setLogLevel( 'info' )
    myNetwork()

运行：

~$ sudo chmod a+x mytopo1.py 
~$ sudo ./mytopo1.py 
*** Adding controller
*** Add switches
*** Add hosts
*** Add links
*** Starting network
*** Configuring hosts
h5 h3 h4 h2 h1 
*** Starting controllers
*** Starting switches
*** Post configure switches and hosts
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> dump
<Host h5: h5-eth0:10.0.0.5 pid=12407> 
<Host h3: h3-eth0:10.0.0.3 pid=12409> 
<Host h4: h4-eth0:10.0.0.4 pid=12411> 
<Host h2: h2-eth0:10.0.0.2 pid=12413> 
<Host h1: h1-eth0:10.0.0.1 pid=12415> 
<OVSSwitch s2: lo:127.0.0.1,s2-eth1:None,s2-eth2:None pid=12399> 
<OVSSwitch s1: lo:127.0.0.1,s1-eth1:None,s1-eth2:None,s1-eth3:None pid=12402> 
<Controller c0: 127.0.0.1:6633 pid=12391> 

(3)--switch 用于选择交换机的种类，有以下交换机可供选择：
1. user——UserSwitch, 顾名思义，运行于用户空间的交换机。这种交换机的带宽比较小，ping的延迟也会比较大
2. ovs——OVSSwitch
3. ovsbr——OVSBridge ，就是处在桥接模式（stand-alone/bridge mode）的OVSSwitch
4. ovsk——也是OVSSwitch ，为了和mininet 2.0兼容而保留的参数
5. ovsl——OVSLegacyKernelSwitch，是传统的工作在内核空间的OVSSwitch，当前只能工作在root的命名空间中
6. ivs——IVSSwitch，即Indigo Virtual Switch
7. lxbr,stp=1——LinuxBridge，其中stp=1表示开启生成树协议，避免环形拓扑造成的广播风暴。
8. default——默认无--switch参数的时候，就是OVSSwitch，也可以使用--switch default来指定。 

   例如sudomn --switchuser使用用户态的交换

sudo mn --switch ovs,protocols=openflow13

(4)--controller 用于选择控制器的种类，有以下控制器可供选择：

• --controller=CONTROLLER[nox_dumpnonerefremotenox_pysw]  
• 1. ref——
• 2. ovsc——OVSController
• 3. nox——NOX控制器
• 4. remote,ip='127.0.0.1',port=6633——远端部署的控制器，是独立于mininet的。
• 5. ryu——Ryu控制器
• 6. default——代替了下面的none参数，表示默认控制器
• 7. none——无控制器
• sudo mn 执行 mn 命令未指定一个控制器的话，它会默认采用 ovsc 控制，ovs-controller

可以是参考控制器，NOX或者虚拟机之外的远端控制器，一个指定远端控制器的方法：

sudo mn --controller=remote --ip=[controller IP] --port=[controllerlistening port]

实例（POX作为控制器）：

$ sudo ./install.sh -a执行后会在用户主目录下安装pox，进入该子目录cd $~/pox

也可以用git克隆一个pox

git clone http://github.com/noxrepo/pox

启动pox控制器（无需超级用户权限），一开始是这样的。

~/pox$ ./pox.py openflow.of_01 --address=127.0.0.1 --port=6666
POX 0.2.0 (carp) / Copyright 2011-2013 James McCauley, et al.

INFO:core:POX 0.2.0 (carp) is up.
 

在另一终端启动mininet

$ sudo mn --controller=remote,ip=127.0.0.1,port=6666
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 
*** Adding switches:
s1 
*** Adding links:
(h1, s1) (h2, s1) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 1 switches
s1 ...
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> dpctl dump-flows
*** s1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):
mininet> h1 ping -c2 h2
PING 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 10.0.0.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 10.0.0.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable

--- 10.0.0.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, +2 errors, 100% packet loss, time 1019ms
pipe 2
mininet> dump
<Host h1: h1-eth0:10.0.0.1 pid=8928> 
<Host h2: h2-eth0:10.0.0.2 pid=8930> 
<OVSSwitch s1: lo:127.0.0.1,s1-eth1:None,s1-eth2:None pid=8935> 
<RemoteController{'ip': '127.0.0.1', 'port': 6666} c0: 127.0.0.1:6666 pid=8922> 
mininet> 

说明该虚拟网络已经使用了pox控制器，这时候回到pox那个终端，就变成这样了

~/pox$ ./pox.py openflow.of_01 --address=127.0.0.1 --port=6666
POX 0.2.0 (carp) / Copyright 2011-2013 James McCauley, et al.
INFO:core:POX 0.2.0 (carp) is up.
INFO:openflow.of_01:[None 1] closed
INFO:openflow.of_01:[00-00-00-00-00-01 2] connected

上面我们可以看到主机h1和h2是ping不通的，因为控制器没有定义h1到h2的转发规则，加上pox.forwarding.l2_pairs就可以了：

$ ./pox.py openflow.of_01 --address=127.0.0.1 --port=6666 pox.forwarding.l2_pairs
POX 0.2.0 (carp) / Copyright 2011-2013 James McCauley, et al.
INFO:forwarding.l2_pairs:Pair-Learning switch running.
INFO:core:POX 0.2.0 (carp) is up.
INFO:openflow.of_01:[None 1] closed
INFO:openflow.of_01:[00-00-00-00-00-01 2] connected

$ sudo mn --controller=remote,ip=127.0.0.1,port=6666
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 
*** Adding switches:
s1 
*** Adding links:
(h1, s1) (h2, s1) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 1 switches
s1 ...
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> h1 ping -c2 h2
PING 10.0.0.2 (10.0.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=53.3 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.042 ms

--- 10.0.0.2 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.042/26.694/53.346/26.652 ms

不制定port默认端口号为6633

 流表测试：

启动pox

$ ./pox.py openflow.of_01 --address=127.0.0.1 --port=6633 py

启动mininet

$ sudo mn --controller=remote,ip=127.0.0.1

mininet> dpctl dump-flows    //数据流表空
*** s1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):
mininet> pingall                 //不可以ping通
*** Ping: testing ping reachability
h1 -> X 
h2 -> X 
*** Results: 100% dropped (0/2 received)
mininet> dump
<Host h1: h1-eth0:10.0.0.1 pid=8730> 
<Host h2: h2-eth0:10.0.0.2 pid=8732> 
<OVSSwitch s1: lo:127.0.0.1,s1-eth1:None,s1-eth2:None pid=8737> 
<RemoteController{'ip': '127.0.0.1'} c0: 127.0.0.1:6633 pid=8722> 

不通。

pox配置流表

POX> from pox.lib.addresses import IPAddr
POX> from pox.lib.addresses import EthAddr
POX> import pox.openflow.libopenflow_01 as of    //导出核心模块，并命名为of
POX> core.openflow.connections.keys()         //获取连接控制端的openflow switch的key
[1]
POX> msg=of.ofp_flow_mod()               //编辑消息
POX> msg.priority=3
POX> msg.match.in_port=1
POX> msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port=2))
POX> core.openflow.connections[1].send(msg)
POX> msg.match.in_port=2
POX> msg.actions.append(of.ofp_action_output(port=1))
POX> core.openflow.connections[1].send(msg)
POX> 

 

mininet端

mininet> dump
<Host h1: h1-eth0:10.0.0.1 pid=8730> 
<Host h2: h2-eth0:10.0.0.2 pid=8732> 
<OVSSwitch s1: lo:127.0.0.1,s1-eth1:None,s1-eth2:None pid=8737> 
<RemoteController{'ip': '127.0.0.1'} c0: 127.0.0.1:6633 pid=8722> 
mininet> dpctl dump-flows                  //显示已添加流表
*** s1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
NXST_FLOW reply (xid=0x4):
 cookie=0x0, duration=53.468s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=53, priority=3,in_port=1 actions=output:2
 cookie=0x0, duration=19.214s, table=0, n_packets=0, n_bytes=0, idle_age=19, priority=3,in_port=2 actions=output:2,output:1
mininet> pingall                        //可以ping通
*** Ping: testing ping reachability

POXDESK实现拓扑的显示
今天实习第二天，开始深入逐渐玩POX跟mininet！之前只是会基本的操作，慢慢的要更加了解！今天早上就实现了一下poxdesk的功能！

操作步骤如下：

git clone https://github.com/noxrepo/pox
cd pox
git checkout betta
cd ext
git clone https://github.com/MurphyMc/poxdesk
cd poxdesk
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/qooxdoo/qooxdoo-2.0.2-sdk.zip
unar qooxdoo-2.0.2-sdk.zip
mv qooxdoo-2.0.2-sdk qx
cd poxdesk
./generate.py
cd ../../..
./pox.py samples.pretty_log web messenger messenger.log_service messenger.ajax_transport openflow.of_service poxdesk

(5)--host 用于选择主机的种类，有以下主机可供选择：
1. proc——就是简单的主机，在没有--host参数的时候，它就是默认选项
2. rt——        # BL: Setting the correct period/quota is tricky, particularly
3.         # for RT. RT allows very small quotas, but the overhead
4.         # seems to be high. CFS has a mininimum quota of 1 ms, but
5.         # still does better with larger period values.
6. cfs——、

(6)--mac: 作用是让MAC地址易读，即 setsthe switch MAC and host MAC and IP addrs to small, unique, easy-to-read IDs。默认情况下，主机跟交换机启动后分配的MAC地址是随机的，这在某些情况下不方便查找问题。可以使用–mac选项，这样主机跟交换机分配到的MAC地址跟他们的ID是一致的，容易通过MAC地址较快找到对应的节点。使用XTerm

通过使用-x参数，mn在启动后会在每个节点上自动打开一个XTerm，方便某些情况下的对多个节点分别进行操作。命令为

sudo mn -x

在进入mn cli之后，也可以使用 xterm node 命令指定启动某些节点上的xterm，例如分别启用s1跟h2上的xterm，可以用

xterm s1 h2

链路操作

在mn cli中，使用link命令，禁用或启用某条链路，格式为 link node1 node2 up/down，例如临时禁用s1跟h2之间的链路，可以用

link s1 h2 down

名字空间

默认情况下，主机节点有用独立的名字空间（namespace），而控制节点跟交换节点都在根名字空间（root namespace）中。如果想要让所有节点拥有各自的名字空间，需要添加 –innamespace 参数，即启动方式为 sudo mn –innamespace

其他操作

执行

$ sudo mn -c

会进行清理配置操作，适合故障后恢复。

其他一些调试可能用到的命令：Nodes，Net，H2 ping h3，S1 ifconfig等

Mininet 常用操作

表 1.Mininet 常用指令

名称	作用
nodes	查看全部节点
net	查看链路信息
dump	输出各节点的信息
h1 ping -c 4 h2	测试主机之间的连通性
iperf	两个节点之间用指定简单的 TCP 测试
iperfudp	两个节点之间用指定款单 udp 进行测试
noecho	运行交互窗口，关闭回应
pingpair	两个主机将互 ping
help	列出命令文档，查看命令帮助： help command
dpctl	在所有交换机
exit/quit	退出 mininet 命令行
hX ifconfig	查看当前那主机的 ip 地址，如： h1 ifconfig
py/sh	执行 python 表达式或运行外部 shell 程序

参数使用部分例子：

1. sudo mn --test pingall --topo single,3 //一台交换机，三台主机  
2. sudo mn --test pingall --topo linear,4 //linear表示每台交换机链接一台主机  
3. sudo mn --link tc,bw=10,delay=10ms //带宽设置10M，延迟为10ms  
   --link 用于选择链路的类型，有以下链路可供选择：
   1. default——普通链路。默认无--link参数的时候，就是这个。
   2. tc——对称tc接口连接的链路。
4. sudo mn --mac //mac以1、2递增的顺序保存  
5. sudo mn --switch ovsk --controller ref --topo tree,depth=2,fanout=8 --test pingall        //二层八叉树，即九台交换机加上64台主机  
6. sudo mn --topo single,3 --mac --switch ovsk --controller remote 

 

下面的指令代表发h3个包ping 3个包的方法来测试主机h3跟主机h1之间连通情况

mininet> h3 ping -c 3 h1
PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.287 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.044 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms

--- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2047ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.044/0.126/0.287/0.113 ms

wireshark捕捉情况

dpctl

mininet> dpctl show
*** s3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY (xid=0x2): dpid:0000000000000003
n_tables:254, n_buffers:256
capabilities: FLOW_STATS TABLE_STATS PORT_STATS QUEUE_STATS ARP_MATCH_IP
actions: output enqueue set_vlan_vid set_vlan_pcp strip_vlan mod_dl_src mod_dl_dst mod_nw_src mod_nw_dst mod_nw_tos mod_tp_src mod_tp_dst
 1(s3-eth1): addr:1e:f9:ca:69:45:88
     config:     0
     state:      0
     current:    10GB-FD COPPER
     speed: 10000 Mbps now, 0 Mbps max
 2(s3-eth2): addr:8a:92:49:2a:34:a1
     config:     0
     state:      0
     current:    10GB-FD COPPER
     speed: 10000 Mbps now, 0 Mbps max
 LOCAL(s3): addr:82:d9:53:79:1d:42
     config:     PORT_DOWN
     state:      LINK_DOWN
     speed: 0 Mbps now, 0 Mbps max
OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REPLY (xid=0x4): frags=normal miss_send_len=0
*** s4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
OFPT_FEATURES_REPLY (xid=0x2): dpid:0000000000000004
n_tables:254, n_buffers:256
capabilities: FLOW_STATS TABLE_STATS PORT_STATS QUEUE_STATS ARP_MATCH_IP
actions: output enqueue set_vlan_vid set_vlan_pcp strip_vlan mod_dl_src mod_dl_dst mod_nw_src mod_nw_dst mod_nw_tos mod_tp_src mod_tp_dst
 1(s4-eth1): addr:82:73:74:93:93:10
     config:     0
     state:      0
     current:    10GB-FD COPPER
     speed: 10000 Mbps now, 0 Mbps max
 2(s4-eth2): addr:ee:87:7a:4b:55:de
     config:     0
     state:      0
     current:    10GB-FD COPPER
     speed: 10000 Mbps now, 0 Mbps max
 LOCAL(s4): addr:1a:3c:80:17:7f:4f
     config:     PORT_DOWN
     state:      LINK_DOWN
     speed: 0 Mbps now, 0 Mbps max
OFPT_GET_CONFIG_REPLY (xid=0x4): frags=normal miss_send_len=0

使用mininet构建一个简单的路由实验Router.py 

from mininet.topo import Topo
class Router_Topo(Topo):
    def __init__(self):
        "Create P2P topology."
        # Initialize topology
        Topo.__init__(self)
        # Add hosts and switches
        H1 = self.addHost('h1')
        H2 = self.addHost('h2')
        H3 = self.addHost('h3')
        S1 = self.addSwitch('s1')
        S2 = self.addSwitch('s2')
        # Add links
        self.addLink(H1, S1)
        self.addLink(H2, S1)
        self.addLink(H2, S2)
        self.addLink(H3, S2)
topos = {
        'router': (lambda: Router_Topo())
}

运行

$ sudo mn --custom Router.py --topo router --mac
*** Creating network
*** Adding controller
*** Adding hosts:
h1 h2 h3 
*** Adding switches:
s1 s2 
*** Adding links:
(h1, s1) (h2, s1) (h2, s2) (h3, s2) 
*** Configuring hosts
h1 h2 h3 
*** Starting controller
c0 
*** Starting 2 switches
s1 s2 ...
*** Starting CLI:
mininet> net
h1 h1-eth0:s1-eth1
h2 h2-eth0:s1-eth2 h2-eth1:s2-eth1
h3 h3-eth0:s2-eth2
s1 lo:  s1-eth1:h1-eth0 s1-eth2:h2-eth0
s2 lo:  s2-eth1:h2-eth1 s2-eth2:h3-eth0
c0
mininet> h1 ping -c 3 h3
PING 10.0.0.3 (10.0.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 10.0.0.1 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable
From 10.0.0.1 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 10.0.0.1 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable

--- 10.0.0.3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 received, +3 errors, 100% packet loss, time 2033ms
pipe 3
mininet> h1 ifconfig h1-eth0 192.168.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
mininet> h2 ifconfig h2-eth0 192.168.12.2 netmask 255.255.255.0
mininet> h2 ifconfig h2-eth1 192.168.23.2 netmask 255.255.255.0
mininet> h3 ifconfig h3-eth0 192.168.23.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
mininet> h1 route add default gw 192.168.12.2
mininet> h3 route add default gw 192.168.23.2
mininet> h2 sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
mininet> h1 ping -c 3 h3
PING 192.168.23.3 (192.168.23.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.23.3: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=3.33 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.23.3: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.584 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.23.3: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.046 ms

--- 192.168.23.3 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2005ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.046/1.321/3.335/1.441 ms

这里可以看到一开始主机h1和h3是ping不同的，执行了一下命令配置了路由就可以ping通：

mininet> sudo mn --custom Router.py --topo router
mininet> h1 ifconfig h1-eth0 192.168.12.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
mininet> h2 ifconfig h2-eth0 192.168.12.2 netmask 255.255.255.0
mininet> h2 ifconfig h2-eth1 192.168.23.2 netmask 255.255.255.0
mininet> h3 ifconfig h3-eth0 192.168.23.3 netmask 255.255.255.0
mininet> h1 route add default gw 192.168.12.2
mininet> h3 route add default gw 192.168.23.2
mininet> h2 sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Enough for MiniNet!

参见：

SDN 网络系统之 Mininet 与 API 详解

Mininet常用命令 

最新OpenDaylight与Mininet环境搭建-亲测可用

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/2245781/blog/889820