装饰器:
定义:本质是函数(装饰其它函数) 为其它函数添加附加功能
原则: 1 不能修改被装饰函数源代码 2 不修改被装饰函数调用方式
实现装饰器知识储备:
1 函数即‘’变量‘’
2 高阶函数
a 把一个函数名当实参传给另外一个函数(在不修改被装饰函数的情况下 为其添加功能)
b 返回值中包含函数名(不修改函数的调用方式)
3嵌套函数
高阶函数 + 嵌套函数 =》 装饰器
简单版高阶函数
import time
def bar():
time.sleep(3)
print('in the bar')
def test2(func):
print(func)
return func
bar=test2(bar)
bar() #run bar
简单版 嵌套函数
def foo():
print('in the foo')
def bar():
print('in the bar')
bar()
foo()
装饰器 = 高阶函数 + 嵌套函数
import time
def timmer(func):
def warpper(*args,**kwargs):
start_time=time.time()
func()
stop_time=time.time()
print('the func run time is %s' %(stop_time-start_time))
return warpper
@timmer
def test1():
time.sleep(3)
print('in the test1')
test1()
修改版装饰器 任意传参数版:
import time
def timer(func): #timer(test1) func=test1
def deco(*args,**kwargs):
start_time=time.time()
func(*args,**kwargs) #run test1()
stop_time = time.time()
print("the func run time is %s" %(stop_time-start_time))
return deco
@timer #test1=timer(test1)
def test1():
time.sleep(1)
print('in the test1')
test1()
修改版装饰器 任意传参数版2
# Author:Lance
import time
def timer(func): #timer(test1) func=test1
def deco(*args,**kwargs):
start_time=time.time()
r =func(*args,**kwargs) #run test1()
stop_time = time.time()
print("the func run time is %s" %(stop_time-start_time))
return r
return deco
@timer #test1=timer(test1)
def test1():
time.sleep(1)
print('in the test1')
return "你是大撒B"
@timer # test2 = timer(test2) = deco test2(name) =deco(name)
def test2(name,age):
print("test2:",name,age)
a =test1()
print(a)
test2("abc",123)
输出结果:
in the test1
the func run time is 1.0000011920928955
你是大撒B
test2: abc 123
the func run time is 0.0
加强版 装饰器
import time user,passwd = 'lance','123456' def auth(auth_type): print("auth func:",auth_type) def outer_wrapper(func): def wrapper(*args, **kwargs): print("wrapper func args:", *args, **kwargs) if auth_type == "local": username = input("Username:").strip() password = input("Password:").strip() if user == username and passwd == password: print("\033[32;1mUser has passed authentication\033[0m") res = func(*args, **kwargs) # from home print("---after authenticaion ") return res else: exit("\033[31;1mInvalid username or password\033[0m") elif auth_type == "ldap": print("搞毛线ldap,不会。。。。") return wrapper return outer_wrapper @auth(auth_type="local") # home = wrapper()如果没有语法糖@ 相当于这样的写法home = auth(auth_type='local')(home) def home(): print("welcome to home page") return "from home" print(home()) #wrapper() 输出结果 auth func: local wrapper func args: Username:lance Password:123456 User has passed authentication welcome to home page ---after authenticaion from home
装饰器更高级的用法:请参照 https://www.cnblogs.com/cicaday/p/python-decorator.html
生成器:略
迭代器:略