clock函数的时间单位_详细介绍下C/C++时间相关的那些函数

大家平时工作，如果有计算函数耗时或者打印当前时间的需求，一定要来看看这篇文章！

首先介绍下C++标准中的chrono库

chrono是一个关于时间的库，起源于boost，现在是C++的标准，话说现在的C++标准好多都是源于boost，要进标准的特性似乎都会先在boost试验一番。

首先看一下使用chrono简单计时的示例代码：

void func() {  // 计时   std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::high_resolution_clock> begin = high_resolution_clock::now();   std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(20));   auto end = high_resolution_clock::now();   cout << "time " << duration_cast(end - begin).count() << endl;}

chrono中有三个概念duration、time_point、clock

duration：表示一段时间，三分钟、三秒等，它的定义如下：

template <class _Rep, class _Period = ratio<1>> class duration;

ratio的定义如下：

 template <intmax_t N, intmax_t D = 1> class ratio;

Rep表示数据类型，int，long等，Period表示时间单位，N是分子，D是分母，直接看例子吧：

using atto  = ratio<1, 1000000000000000000LL>;using femto = ratio<1, 1000000000000000LL>;using pico  = ratio<1, 1000000000000LL>;using nano  = ratio<1, 1000000000>;using micro = ratio<1, 1000000>;using milli = ratio<1, 1000>;using centi = ratio<1, 100>;using deci  = ratio<1, 10>;using deca  = ratio<10, 1>;using hecto = ratio<100, 1>;using kilo  = ratio<1000, 1>;using mega  = ratio<1000000, 1>;using giga  = ratio<1000000000, 1>;using tera  = ratio<1000000000000LL, 1>;using peta  = ratio<1000000000000000LL, 1>;using exa   = ratio<1000000000000000000LL, 1>;using nanoseconds  = duration<long long, nano>;using microseconds = duration<long long, micro>;using milliseconds = duration<long long, milli>;using seconds      = duration<long long>;using minutes      = duration<int, ratio<60>>;using hours        = duration<int, ratio<3600>>;using hours2       = duration<int, ratio<3600, 1>>;using hours2       = duration<int, ratio<7200, 2>>;

详细看完上述例子您也明白了，ratio的默认的时间单位是1秒，以小时为例，一小时等于3600秒，3600 / 1 == 7200 / 2 == 3600，所以hours == hours2 == hours3。

标准库还提供了duration_cast用于转换各种duration。