自动化测试综合实战
项目背景
在 http://localhost/news/ 新闻子页面进行登录测试。
功能实现
- 自动运行用例
- 自动生成测试报告
- 自动断言与截图
- 自动将最新测试报告发送到指定邮箱
- PageObject+Unittest
项目架构
浏览器driver定义
from selenium import webdriver
#启动浏览器驱动
def browser():
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
# driver = webdriver.Chrome()
# driver = webdriver.Ie()
# driver=webdriver.PhantomJS()
# driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")
return driver
#调试运行
if __name__ == '__main__':
browser()
用例运行前后的环境准备工作
import unittest
from driver import *
class StartEnd(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.driver=browser()
self.driver.implicitly_wait(10)
self.driver.maximize_window()
def tearDown(self):
self.driver.quit()
工具方法模块(截图,查找最新报告、邮件发送)
from selenium import webdriver
import os
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
#截图方法
def inser_img(driver,filename):
#获取当前模块所在路径
func_path=os.path.dirname(__file__)
# print("func_path is %s" %func_path)
#获取test_case目录
base_dir=os.path.dirname(func_path)
# print("base_dir is %s" %base_dir)
#将路径转化为字符串
base_dir=str(base_dir)
#对路径的字符串进行替换
base_dir=base_dir.replace('\\','/')
# print(base_dir)
#获取项目文件的根目录路径
base=base_dir.split('/Website')[0]
# print(base)
#指定截图存放路径
filepath=base+'/Website/test_report/screenshot/'+filename
# print(filepath)
driver.get_screenshot_as_file(filepath)
#查找最新的测试报告
def latest_report(report_dir):
lists = os.listdir(report_dir)
# print(lists)
lists.sort(key=lambda fn: os.path.getatime(report_dir + '\\' + fn))
# print("the latest report is " + lists[-1])
file = os.path.join(report_dir, lists[-1])
# print(file)
return file
#将测试报告发送到邮件
def send_mail(latest_report):
f=open(latest_report,'rb')
mail_content=f.read()
f.close()
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
user = 'yuexiaolu2015@163.com'
password = '...'
sender = 'yuexiaolu2015@163.com'
receives = ['yuexiaolu2015@126.com', 'yuexiaolu2015@sina.com']
subject = 'Web Selenium 自动化测试报告'
msg = MIMEText(mail_content, 'html', 'utf-8')
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
msg['From'] = sender
msg['To'] = ','.join(receives)
smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpserver, 465)
smtp.helo(smtpserver)
smtp.ehlo(smtpserver)
smtp.login(user, password)
print("Start send email...")
smtp.sendmail(sender, receives, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
print("Send email end!")
if __name__ == '__main__':
driver=webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.sogou.com")
inser_img(driver,"sogou.png")
driver.quit()
Pageobject页面对象封装
BasePage.py —— 基础页面类
fromtime
importsleep
class Page():
def __init__(self,driver):
self.driver=driver
self.base_url=
"http://localhost"
self.timeout=
20
def _open(self,url):
url_=self.base_url+url
print(
'Test page is:%s'%url_)
self.driver.maximize_window()
self.driver.get(url_)
sleep(
2)
assert
self.driver.current_url == url_,
'Did ont land on %s'% url_
def open(self):
self._open(self.url)
def find_element(self,*loc):
return
self.driver.find_element(*loc)
LoginPage.py —— 新闻登录页面
fromPageBase
import*
fromselenium
importwebdriver
fromselenium.webdriver.common.by
importBy
class LoginPage(Page):
'''新闻登录页面'''
url =
'/news/'
# 定位器——对相关元素进行定位
username_loc = (By.NAME,
'username')
password_loc = (By.NAME,
'password')
submit_loc = (By.NAME,
'Submit')
def type_username(self, username):
self.find_element(*self.username_loc).clear()
self.find_element(*self.username_loc).send_keys(username)
def type_password(self, password):
self.find_element(*self.password_loc).clear()
self.find_element(*self.password_loc).send_keys(password)
def type_submit(self):
self.find_element(*self.submit_loc).click()
def Login_action(self,username,password):
self.open()
self.type_username(username)
self.type_password(password)
self.type_submit()
LoginPass_loc = (By.LINK_TEXT,
'我的空间')
loginFail_loc = (By.NAME,
'username')
def type_loginPass_hint(self):
return
self.find_element(*self.LoginPass_loc).text
def type_loginFail_hint(self):
return
self.find_element(*self.loginFail_loc).text
test_login.py ——unittest组织测试用例
- 用户名密码正确点击登录
- 用户名正确,密码错误点击登录
- 用户名和密码为空点击登录
import unittest
from model import function,myunit
from page_object.LoginPage import *
from time import sleep
class LoginTest(myunit.StartEnd):
# @unittest.skip('skip this case')
def test_login1_normal(self):
'''username password is normal'''
print("test_login1_normal is start run...")
po=LoginPage(self.driver)
po.Login_action('51zxw',123456)
sleep(3)
#断言与截屏
self.assertEqual(po.type_loginPass_hint(),'我的空间')
function.insert_img(self.driver,"51zxw_login1_normal.jpg")
print("test_login1_normal is test end!")
def test_login2_PasswdError(self):
'''username is ok,passwd is error!'''
print("test_login2_PasswdError is start run...")
po=LoginPage(self.driver)
po.Login_action("51zxw",12342)
sleep(2)
self.assertEqual(po.type_loginFail_hint(),'')
function.insert_img(self.driver,"51zxw_login2_fail.jpg")
print("test_login2_PasswdError is test end!")
#
# @unittest.skip
def test_login3_empty(self):
'''username password is empty'''
print("test_login3_empty is start run...")
po=LoginPage(self.driver)
po.Login_action('','')
sleep(2)
#断言与截屏
self.assertEqual(po.type_loginFail_hint(),'')
function.insert_img(self.driver,"51zxw_login3_empty.jpg")
print("test_login3_empty is test end!")
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()
run_test.py——执行测试用例
import unittest
from function import *
from BSTestRunner import BSTestRunner
import time
report_dir = './test_report'
test_dir = './test_case'
print("start run testcase...")
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(test_dir, pattern="test_login.py")
now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H_%M_%S")
report_name = report_dir + '/' + now + 'result.html'
print("start write report...")
# 运行前记得把BSTestRunner.py 120行‘unicode’ 换成‘str’
with open(report_name, 'wb') as f:
runner = BSTestRunner(stream=f, title="Test Report", description="localhost login test")
runner.run(discover)
f.close()
print("find latest report...")
# 查找最新的测试报告
latest_report = latest_report(report_dir)
# 邮件发送报告
print("send email report...")
send_mail(latest_report)
print("test end!")
浏览器内核
Webkit:目前最主流的浏览器内核,webkit是苹果公司开源的浏览器内核,其前身是KHTML。基于Webkit的浏览器很多,比如Safari,Chrome,Opera
Gecko:是Firefox浏览器的内核
Trident:是IE浏览器的内核
Blink:是webkit的一个分支版本,由google开发
无头浏览器
无头浏览器即headless browser,是一种没有界面的浏览器。既然是浏览器那么浏览器该有的东西它都应该有,只是看不到界面而已。
PhantomJS
PhantomJS is a headless WebKit scriptable with a JavaScript API. It has fast and native support for various web standards: DOM handling, CSS selector, JSON, Canvas, and SVG.
PhantomJS可以说是目前使用最为广泛,也是最被认可的无头浏览器。由于采用的是Webkit内核,因此其和目前的Safari,Chrome等浏览器兼容性十分好。
为什么要使用PhantomJS?
PhantomJS 是一个无界面, 基于Webkit 的javascript 引擎. 一般来说我们的自动化脚本是须要运行在服务器上的, 往往这个时候系统并没有图形界面(如liunx服务器), 或者配置太低跑个浏览器实在是浪费. 而不需要图形界面的 PhantomJS 可谓是我们的不二之选.
PhantomJS安装配置
下载地址:http://phantomjs.org/download.html
下载完成后将phantomjs.exe文件放置Python安装目录即可。
运行使用
driver=webdriver.
PhantomJS()
参考文档
http://www.cnblogs.com/diaosicai/p/6370321.html
http://blog.csdn.net/xtuhcy/article/details/52814210?locationNum=5