MySQL Proxy是一个处于你的client端和MySQL server端之间的简单程序，它可以监测、分析或改变它们的通信。它使用灵活，没有限制，常见的用途包括：负载平衡，故障、查询分析，查询过滤和修改等等。

MySQL Proxy就是这么一个中间层代理，简单的说，MySQL Proxy就是一个连接池，负责将前台应用的连接请求转发给后台的数据库，并且通过使用lua脚本，可以实现复杂的连接控制和过滤，从而实现读写分离和负载平衡。对于应用来说，MySQL Proxy是完全透明的，应用则只需要连接到MySQL Proxy的监听端口即可。当然，这样proxy机器可能成为单点失效，但完全可以使用多个proxy机器做为冗余，在应用服务器的连接池配置中配置到多个proxy的连接参数即可。

MySQL Proxy更强大的一项功能是实现“读写分离”，基本原理是让主数据库处理事务性查询，让从库处理SELECT查询。数据库复制被用来把事务性查询导致的变更同步到集群中的从库。


MySQL Proxy本身不支持读写分离，而是依赖Lua脚本进行扩展实现读写分离，它可以识别前端用户的sql语言并将写操作转发给主服务器，读操作转发给主服务器和从服务器或者只转发给从服务器


1、源码安装时，MySQL proxy的依赖关系：


libevent 1.x 或以上版本

lua 5.1.x或以上版本

glib2 2.6.0 或以上版本

pkg-config.

libtool 1.5或以上版本

MySQL 5.0.x 或以上版本


2、安装MySQL Proxy


# tar zxf mysql-proxy-0.8.2.tar.gz

# cd mysql-proxy-0.8.2

# ./configure

# make


# make check


如果管理员有密码，上面的步骤则需要使用如下格式进行：

# MYSQL_PASSWORD=root_pwd make check


# make install


默认情况下， mysql-proxy安装在/usr/local/sbin/mysql-proxy，而Lua示例脚本安装在/usr/local/share目录中。


3、配置指令


mysql proxy的各配置参数请参见官方文档，http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysql-proxy-configuration.html 



使用rpm包在rhel6上安装mysql-proxy-0.8.2，其会提供配置文件及服务脚本，但没有提供读写分离的脚本。


/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy文件用于定义mysql-proxy的启动参数。


ADMIN_USER – the user for the proxy's admin interface. You can leave the default admin user.

ADMIN_PASSWORD – the password for the admin user in clear text. Change the default password for better security.

ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT – the admin script in the Lua programming language. Without this script the admin interface cannot work. You can leave the default value.

PROXY_USER – the system user under which the proxy will work. By default it is mysql-proxy, and it's safe to leave it as is.

PROXY_OPTIONS – proxy options such as logging level, plugins, and Lua scripts to be loaded.



其中PROXY_OPTIONS是最常用的一个选项，用于定义mysql-proxy工作时的重要参数，例如：

PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.1.102:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.1.105:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/lib/mysql-proxy/lua/proxy/rw-splitting.lua"




四、安装配置mysql-proxy:


4.1 下载所需要的版本，这里的系统平台为rhel6.4 32位系统，因此就以mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-glibc2.3-x86-32bit.tar.gz为例。


# tar xf mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-glibc2.3-x86-32bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local

# cd /usr/local

# ln -sv mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-glibc2.3-x86-32bit  mysql-proxy


添加代理用户

# useradd mysql-proxy


4.2 为mysql-proxy提供SysV服务脚本，内容如下所示


#vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy


#!/bin/bash

#

# mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon

#

# chkconfig: - 78 30

# processname: mysql-proxy

# description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon for mysql


# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions


prog="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy"


# Source networking configuration.

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then

    . /etc/sysconfig/network

fi


# Check that networking is up.

[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0


# Set default mysql-proxy configuration.

ADMIN_USER="admin"

ADMIN_PASSWD="admin"

ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua"

PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon"

PROXY_PID=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid

PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy"


# Source mysql-proxy configuration.

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy ]; then

    . /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy

fi


RETVAL=0


start() {

    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

    daemon $prog $PROXY_OPTIONS --pid-file=$PROXY_PID --proxy-address="$PROXY_ADDRESS" --user=$PROXY_USER --admin-username="$ADMIN_USER" --admin-lua-script="$ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT" --admin-password="$ADMIN_PASSWORD"

    RETVAL=$?

    echo

    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then

        touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy

    fi

}


stop() {

    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

    killproc -p $PROXY_PID -d 3 $prog

    RETVAL=$?

    echo

    if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then

        rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy

        rm -f $PROXY_PID

    fi

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

    start)

        start

        ;;

    stop)

        stop

        ;;

    restart)

        stop

        start

        ;;

    condrestart|try-restart)

        if status -p $PROXY_PIDFILE $prog >&/dev/null; then

            stop

            start

        fi

        ;;

    status)

        status -p $PROXY_PID $prog

        ;;

    *)

        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|condrestart|try-restart}"

        RETVAL=1

        ;;

esac


exit $RETVAL


将上述内容保存为/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy，给予执行权限，而后加入到服务列表。

# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy

# chkconfig --add mysql-proxy




4.3 为服务脚本提供配置文件（即启动时的参数配置文件）/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy，内容如下所示：


# Options for mysql-proxy 

ADMIN_USER="admin"

ADMIN_PASSWORD="admin"

ADMIN_ADDRESS=""

ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua"

PROXY_ADDRESS=""

PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy"

PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog"



其中最后一行，需要按实际场景进行修改，例如：

PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=172.16.100.6:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=172.16.100.7:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua"


其中的proxy-backend-addresses选项和proxy-read-only-backend-addresses选项均可重复使用多次，以实现指定多个读写服务器或只读服务器。


4.4 mysql-proxy的配置选项


mysql-proxy的配置选项大致可分为帮助选项、管理选项、代理选项及应用程序选项几类，下面一起去介绍它们。


--help

--help-admin

--help-proxy

--help-all ———— 以上四个选项均用于获取帮助信息；


--proxy-address=host:port ———— 代理服务监听的地址和端口；

--admin-address=host:port ———— 管理模块监听的地址和端口；

--proxy-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端mysql服务器的地址和端口；

--proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端只读mysql服务器的地址和端口；

--proxy-lua-script=file_name ———— 完成mysql代理功能的Lua脚本；

--daemon ———— 以守护进程模式启动mysql-proxy；

--keepalive ———— 在mysql-proxy崩溃时尝试重启之；

--log-file=/path/to/log_file_name ———— 日志文件名称；

--log-level=level ———— 日志级别；

--log-use-syslog ———— 基于syslog记录日志；

--plugins=plugin,.. ———— 在mysql-proxy启动时加载的插件；

--user=user_name ———— 运行mysql-proxy进程的用户；

--defaults-file=/path/to/conf_file_name ———— 默认使用的配置文件路径；其配置段使用[mysql-proxy]标识；

--proxy-skip-profiling ———— 禁用profile；

--pid-file=/path/to/pid_file_name ———— 进程文件名；





5、复制如下内容建立admin.lua文件，将其保存至/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/目录中。


--[[ $%BEGINLICENSE%$

 Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.


 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as

 published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the

 License.


 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

 GNU General Public License for more details.


 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

 Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA

 02110-1301  USA


 $%ENDLICENSE%$ --]]


function set_error(errmsg) 

proxy.response = {

type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR,

errmsg = errmsg or "error"

}

end


function read_query(packet)

if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then

set_error("[admin] we only handle text-based queries (COM_QUERY)")

return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT

end


local query = packet:sub(2)


local rows = { }

local fields = { }


if query:lower() == "select * from backends" then

fields = { 

{ name = "backend_ndx", 

 type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },


{ name = "address",

 type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "state",

 type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "type",

 type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "uuid",

 type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "connected_clients", 

 type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },

}


for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do

local states = {

"unknown",

"up",

"down"

}

local types = {

"unknown",

"rw",

"ro"

}

local b = proxy.global.backends[i]


rows[#rows + 1] = {

i,

b.dst.name,          -- configured backend address

states[b.state + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0

types[b.type + 1],   -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0

b.uuid,              -- the MySQL Server's UUID if it is managed

b.connected_clients  -- currently connected clients

}

end

elseif query:lower() == "select * from help" then

fields = { 

{ name = "command", 

 type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "description", 

 type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

}

rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM help", "shows this help" }

rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM backends", "lists the backends and their state" }

else

set_error("use 'SELECT * FROM help' to see the supported commands")

return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT

end


proxy.response = {

type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK,

resultset = {

fields = fields,

rows = rows

}

}

return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT

end



6.1 管理功能测试


# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h172.16.100.107 --port=4041 


Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.0.99-agent-admin


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the buffer.


mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;

+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+

| backend_ndx | address       | state | type | uuid | connected_clients |

+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+

|       1 | 172.16.100.6:3306 | up    | rw   | NULL |          0 | 

|       2 | 172.16.100.7:3306 | up    | ro   | NULL |          0 | 

+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)


6.2 读写分离测试


# mysql -uroot -pmagedu.com -h172.16.100.107 --port=4040