1、计数器(counter)
Counter是对字典类型的补充,用于追踪值出现的次数。
提示:具备字典的所有功能和自己地功能
示例①
collections c1 =collections.Counter() c1
运行结果:
D:\Python27\python.exe C:/Users/ryan/PycharmProjects/s11day3/coll.py
Counter({'c': 4, 'd': 4, 'q': 4, 'a': 3, 'f': 3, 'e': 2})
常见方法:
>>> c = Counter('abcdeabcdabcaba')
# count elements from a string
>>> c.most_common(3)
# three most common elements
[('a', 5), ('b', 4), ('c', 3)]
>>> sorted(c)
# list all unique elements
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
>>> ''.join(sorted(c.elements()))
# list elements with repetitions
'aaaaabbbbcccdde'
>>> sum(c.values())
# total of all counts
15
>>> c['a']
# count of letter 'a'
5
>>> for elem in 'shazam':
# update counts from an iterable
... c[elem] += 1
# by adding 1 to each element's cou
>>> c['a']
# now there are seven 'a'
7
>>> del c['b']
# remove all 'b'
>>> c['b']
# now there are zero 'b'
0
>>> d = Counter('simsalabim')
# make another counter
>>> c.update(d)
# add in the second counter
>>> c['a']
# now there are nine 'a'
9
>>> c.clear()
# empty the counter
>>> c
Counter()
Note: If a count is set to zero or
reduced to zero, it will remain
in the counter until the entry is
deleted or the counter is cleared:
>>> c = Counter('aaabbc')
>>> c['b'] -= 2
# reduce the count of 'b' by two
>>> c.most_common()
# 'b' is still in, but its count is zero
[('a', 3), ('c', 1), ('b', 0)]
'''
提示:element是一个迭代器,迭代器中数据只有通过循环来获取
如果计数器中没有某个元素。则返回0
提示:更新计数器,其实就是增加,原来没有的就新建,原来有的就自动加一
提示:相减,原来的计数器中的每一个元素的数量减去后面添加元素的数量
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import collections
list_001 = ['a','a','b','b','c',11,434,44,333,11,22,33,444,653,33,333,653]
tuple_001 = ('a','b','c','a','b','c','c','c',122,122,3,3,3,3,3,5,5,5,5,6)
c1 =collections.Counter('aaaddddeefffccccqqqq')
c2 = collections.Counter(list_001)
c3 = collections.Counter(tuple_001)
print c1
print c2
print c3
Counter({'c': 4, 'd': 4, 'q': 4, 'a': 3, 'f': 3, 'e': 2})
Counter({'a': 2, 33: 2, 'b': 2, 11: 2, 333: 2, 653: 2, 'c': 1, 44: 1, 434: 1, 22: 1, 444: 1})
Counter({3: 5, 'c': 4, 5: 4, 'a': 2, 'b': 2, 122: 2, 6: 1})
提示:计数器中的计数对象可以是字符串也可以是列表也可以是元组
2、计数器之有序字典ordereddict
有序字典是在字典里面维护了一个以键为元素的列表,由于字典是无序而列表时有序的,所以当打印有序字典的时候,就出现有序的排列:
collections O1 = collections.OrderedDict() O1[] = O1[] = O1[] = O1 其实相当于在内部维护了一个列表:L = ['k1','k2','k3'] 那么当循环该列表的时候: for nu in L: print nu 就会出现有序的nu值 打印结果: OrderedDict([('k1', 1), ('k2', 2), ('k3', 3)]) k1 k2 k3
总结:有序字典的里面没有特殊方法,跟一般字典的方法完全一致,如果说区别的话那就是输出键值对是有序的
3、计数器之默认字典
dic = {:} dic[].append() dic = {} dic.keys(): dic[] = dic[].append() : dic[] = [] collections my_dic = collections.defaultdict()
4、计数器之可命名元组
collections Mytuple = collections.namedtuple([]) new = Mytuple() new new.x new.y 输出结果: Mytuple(x=1, y=2) 1 2 从以上结果可以看出语句 Mytuple = collections.namedtuple('Mytuple',['x','y']) 其实是创建了一个类似的字典,只要传值进去,就可以将x和y作为key与其值对应 起来:dic = {'x':1,'y':2}
5、计数器之双向队列(一个线程安全的双向队列)
from collections import deque q = deque() 方法append() q.append(11) q.append(12) q.append(13) q.append(14) print q 输出结果: deque([11, 12, 13, 14]) 方法pop() q.pop() print q 输出结果: deque([11, 12, 13]) 方法popleft() q.popleft() print q 输出结果 deque([12, 13])
6、单向队列(先进先出IFIO,栈是先进后出,后进先出,两者正好相反)不在collections里面,而是在Queue模块中
from Queue import Queue #创建一个队列,里面存放10条数据 q = Queue(10) print q #向队列q中存放至用方法put(),每执行一次就放入一个值 q.put(1) q.put(2) q.put(3) #向队列q中拿值,用方法put(),每执行一次就拿出一个值 q.get() q.get()
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/ucode/1716917