1、前言:
目前很多网站会在正常的账号密码认证之外加一些验证码,以此来明确区分人/机行为,最典型的就是极验滑动验证。(如下图)
这里我们以简单实例说明如何实现自动校验类似验证。
2、步骤:
1)点击验证,弹出验证码图片;
2)操作JS,获取完整验证码图片并截图;
3)操作JS恢复原图,获取带有缺口的验证码图片并截图;
4)对比两张图片所有的像素点,得到要移动的距离;
5)模拟人的行为,把需要拖动的总距离分成一段一段的轨迹;
6)按照轨迹拖动,完成验证;
7)完成登录;
3、准备工作:
1)安装chrome浏览器;
2)配置好python+selenium环境;
3)安装Pillow模块;
4、详细代码:
from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains # 破解滑动验证码的时候用的 可以拖动图片 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC from PIL import Image from io import BytesIO import time class AccessCode(object): def __init__(self,driver): self.driver = driver self.wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 20) self.border = 6 #设置偏差值 def get_position(self): """ 获取验证码位置 :return: 验证码位置元组 """ img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_window'))) time.sleep(2) location = img.location size = img.size top, bottom, left, right = location['y'], location['y'] + size['height'], location['x'], location['x'] + size['width'] return (top, bottom, left, right) def get_screenshot(self): """ 获取网页截图 :return: 截图对象 """ screenshot = self.driver.get_screenshot_as_png() screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot)) return screenshot def get_image1(self,filename): ''' 获取完整验证码图片 :return: 图片对象 ''' time.sleep(0.2) js_code = '''document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].style.display="block";''' time.sleep(1) self.driver.execute_script(js_code) # 截取图片 top, bottom, left, right = self.get_position() screenshot = self.get_screenshot() captcha = screenshot.crop((2 * left, 2 * top, 2 * right, 2 * bottom)) size = 258, 159 captcha.thumbnail(size) # 生成缩略图 captcha.save(filename) return captcha def get_image2(self,filename): ''' 获取有缺口的验证码图片 :param filename: 图片名称 :return: 有缺口的验证码图片对象 ''' time.sleep(0.2) js_code = '''document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].style.display="none";''' self.driver.execute_script(js_code) time.sleep(1) # 截取图片 top, bottom, left, right = self.get_position() screenshot = self.get_screenshot() captcha = screenshot.crop((2*left, 2*top, 2*right, 2*bottom)) size = 258, 159 captcha.thumbnail(size) # 生成缩略图 captcha.save(filename) return captcha def get_gap(self,image1, image2): """ 获取缺口偏移量 :param img1: 不带缺口图片 :param img2: 带缺口图片 :return:缺口偏移量 """ left = 57 for i in range(left, image1.size[0]): for j in range(image1.size[1]): if not self.is_pixel_equal(image1, image2, i, j): left = i return left return left def is_pixel_equal(self,img1, img2, x, y): """ 判断两个像素是否相同 :param image1: 图片1 :param image2: 图片2 :param x: 位置x :param y: 位置y :return: 像素是否相同 """ # 取两个图片的像素点 pixel1 = img1.getpixel((x, y)) pixel2 = img2.getpixel((x, y)) for i in range(0, 3): if abs(pixel1[i] - pixel2[i]) >= 60: return False return True def get_track(self,distance): """ 根据偏移量获取移动轨迹 :param distance: 偏移量 :return: 移动轨迹 """ # 移动轨迹 track = [] # 当前位移 current = 0 # 减速阈值 mid = distance * 4 / 5 # 计算间隔 t = 0.2 # 初速度 v = 0 while current < distance: if current < mid: # 加速度为正2 a = 2 else: # 加速度为负3 a = -3 # 初速度v0 v0 = v # 当前速度v = v0 + at v = v0 + a * t # 移动距离x = v0t + 1/2 * a * t^2 move = v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t # 当前位移 current += move # 加入轨迹 track.append(round(move)) return track def move_to_gap(self,slider, track): """ 拖动滑块到缺口处 :param slider: 滑块 :param track: 轨迹 :return: """ ActionChains(self.driver).click_and_hold(slider).perform() for x in track: ActionChains(self.driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=x, yoffset=0).perform() time.sleep(0.5) ActionChains(self.driver).release().perform() def get_slider(self): """ 获取滑块 :return: 滑块对象 """ slider = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_slider_button'))) return slider def crack(self): '''验证操作''' #1.针对完整的图片进行截取 image1 = self.get_image1('snap_full.png') #2.针对有缺口的图片进行截取 image2 = self.get_image2('snap.png') #3.对比两张图片,获取滑动距离 distance = self.get_gap(image1,image2) #4减去缺口位移 distance -= self.border #5.获取滑块对象 slider = self.get_slider() #6.模拟人为滑动轨迹 track = self.get_track(distance) #7.拖动滑块 self.move_to_gap(slider, track) time.sleep(0.5) #8.失败重试 try: success = self.wait.until(EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.XPATH,"//span[@class='geetest_success_radar_tip_content']"), '验证成功')) if not success: content = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='geetest_result_content']").text if "怪物吃了拼图" in content: # 如果出现"怪物吃了拼图"字样,需要等待3S后继续操作 time.sleep(3) if "拖动滑块将悬浮图像正确拼合" in content: #距离计算错误,刷新图片验证码重试 self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/a[2]").click() self.crack() else: #博客园校验成功后自动登录跳转 time.sleep(5) print("------------登录成功--------------") except Exception as e: content = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='geetest_result_content']").text if "怪物吃了拼图" in content: # 如果出现"怪物吃了拼图"字样,需要等待3S后继续操作 time.sleep(3) if "拖动滑块将悬浮图像正确拼合" in content: # 距离计算错误,刷新图片验证码重试 self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div[1]/div/div[2]/div/a[2]").click() self.crack() if __name__ == '__main__': chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions() chrome_options.add_argument('--start-maximized') # 指定浏览器分辨率 chrome_options.add_argument('--disable-gpu') # 谷歌文档提到需要加上这个属性来规避bug driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=DRIVER_PATH, options=chrome_options) #DRIVER_PATH为chromedriver存放路径,自行变更 crack = AccessCode(driver) # 1.打开网页 driver.get("https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin") driver.maximize_window() #窗口最大化 # 2.输入用户名,username自行补全 driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='input1']").send_keys(username) # 3.输入密码,password自行补全 driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='input2']").send_keys(password) # 4.点击登录,弹出验证按钮 driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='signin']").click() # 5.点击验证按钮 time.sleep(3) driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='modal-content center-block']").click() driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div[@class='geetest_radar_tip']").click() # 6.调用验证 crack.crack()