ajumail 发表于 2005-04-22
SQLite内建语法表
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column-def [, column-def]*
[, constraint]*
)sql-command ::= CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TABLE [database-name.] table-name AS select-statementcolumn-def ::= name [type] [[CONSTRAINT name] column-constraint]*type ::= typename |
typename ( number ) |
typename ( number , number )column-constraint ::= NOT NULL [ conflict-clause ] |
PRIMARY KEY [sort-order] [ conflict-clause ] |
UNIQUE [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ] |
DEFAULT value |
COLLATE collation-nameconstraint ::= PRIMARY KEY ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] |
UNIQUE ( column-list ) [ conflict-clause ] |
CHECK ( expr ) [ conflict-clause ]conflict-clause ::= ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm CREATE VIEW
创建一个视图(虚拟表),该表以另一种方式表示一个或多个表中的数据。
语法:
sql-command ::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW [database-name.] view-name AS select-statement |
例子:
CREATE VIEW master_view AS
SELECT * FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='view';
说明:
创建一个名为master_view的视图,其中包括sqlite_master这个表中的所有视图表。 CREATE TRIGGER
创建触发器,触发器是一种特殊的存储过程,在用户试图对指定的表执行指定的数据修改语句时自动执行。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name [ BEFORE | AFTER ] database-event ON [database-name .] table-name trigger-action |
sql-statement ::= | CREATE [TEMP | TEMPORARY] TRIGGER trigger-name INSTEAD OF database-event ON [database-name .] view-name trigger-action |
database-event ::= | DELETE | INSERT | UPDATE | UPDATE OF column-list |
trigger-action ::= | [ FOR EACH ROW | FOR EACH STATEMENT ] [ WHEN expression ] BEGIN trigger-step ; [ trigger-step ; ]* END |
trigger-step ::= | update-statement | insert-statement | delete-statement | select-statement |
例子:
CREATE TRIGGER update_customer_address UPDATE OF address ON customers
BEGIN
UPDATE orders SET address = new.address WHERE customer_name = old.name;
END;
说明:
创建了一个名为update_customer_address的触发器,当用户更新customers表中的address字段时,将触发并更新orders表中的address字段为新的值。
比如执行如下一条语句:
UPDATE customers SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE name = 'Jack Jones';
数据库将自动执行如下语句:
UPDATE orders SET address = '1 Main St.' WHERE customer_name = 'Jack Jones';
为给定表或视图创建索引。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX index-name ON [database-name .] table-name ( column-name [, column-name]* ) [ ON CONFLICT conflict-algorithm ] |
column-name ::= | name [ COLLATE collation-name] [ ASC | DESC ] |
例子:
CREATE INDEX idx_email ON customers (email);
说明:
为customers表中的email创建一个名为idx_email的字段。
删除表定义及该表的所有索引。
语法:
sql-command ::= | DROP TABLE [database-name.] table-name |
DROP TABLE customers; DROP VIEW
删除一个视图。
语法:
sql-command ::= | DROP VIEW view-name |
例子:
DROP VIEW master_view;
删除一个触发器。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | DROP TRIGGER [database-name .] trigger-name |
例子:
DROP TRIGGER update_customer_address;
删除一个索引。
语法:
sql-command ::= | DROP INDEX [database-name .] index-name |
例子:
DROP INDEX idx_email;
将新行插入到表。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] VALUES(value-list) | INSERT [OR conflict-algorithm] INTO [database-name .] table-name [(column-list)] select-statement |
更新表中的现有数据。
语法:
SET assignment [, assignment]*
[WHERE expr]assignment ::= column-name = expr DELETE
从表中删除行。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | DELETE FROM [database-name .] table-name [WHERE expr] |
从表中检索数据。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] result [FROM table-list] [WHERE expr] [GROUP BY expr-list] [HAVING expr] [compound-op select]* [ORDER BY sort-expr-list] [LIMIT integer [( OFFSET | , ) integer]] |
result ::= | result-column [, result-column]* |
result-column ::= | * | table-name . * | expr [ [AS] string ] |
table-list ::= | table [join-op table join-args]* |
table ::= | table-name [AS alias] | ( select ) [AS alias] |
join-op ::= | , | [NATURAL] [LEFT | RIGHT | FULL] [OUTER | INNER | CROSS] JOIN |
join-args ::= | [ON expr] [USING ( id-list )] |
sort-expr-list ::= | expr [sort-order] [, expr [sort-order]]* |
sort-order ::= | [ COLLATE collation-name ] [ ASC | DESC ] |
compound_op ::= | UNION | UNION ALL | INTERSECT | EXCEPT |
类似INSERT
语法:
sql-statement ::= | REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] VALUES ( value-list ) | REPLACE INTO [database-name .] table-name [( column-list )] select-statement |
标记一个事务的起始点。
语法:
标记一个事务的终止。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | END [TRANSACTION [name]] |
标志一个事务的结束。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | COMMIT [TRANSACTION [name]] |
将事务回滚到事务的起点。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | ROLLBACK [TRANSACTION [name]] |
主要用于导入大量的数据。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | COPY [ OR conflict-algorithm ] [database-name .] table-name FROM filename [ USING DELIMITERS delim ] |
COPY customers FROM customers.csv; EXPLAIN
语法:
sql-statement ::= | EXPLAIN sql-statement |
语法:
sql-statement ::= | PRAGMA name [= value] | PRAGMA function(arg) |
语法:
sql-statement ::= | VACUUM [index-or-table-name] |
附加一个数据库到当前的数据库连接。
语法:
sql-statement ::= | ATTACH [DATABASE] database-filename AS database-name |
从当前的数据库分离一个使用ATTACH DATABASE附加的数据库。
语法:
sql-command ::= | DETACH [DATABASE] database-name |
SQLite内建函数表
算术函数 | |
abs(X) | 返回给定数字表达式的绝对值。 |
max(X,Y[,...]) | 返回表达式的最大值。 |
min(X,Y[,...]) | 返回表达式的最小值。 |
random(*) | 返回随机数。 |
round(X[,Y]) | 返回数字表达式并四舍五入为指定的长度或精度。 |
字符处理函数 | |
length(X) | 返回给定字符串表达式的字符个数。 |
lower(X) | 将大写字符数据转换为小写字符数据后返回字符表达式。 |
upper(X) | 返回将小写字符数据转换为大写的字符表达式。 |
substr(X,Y,Z) | 返回表达式的一部分。 |
randstr() | |
quote(A) | |
like(A,B) | 确定给定的字符串是否与指定的模式匹配。 |
glob(A,B) | |
条件判断函数 | |
coalesce(X,Y[,...]) | |
ifnull(X,Y) | |
nullif(X,Y) | |
集合函数 | |
avg(X) | 返回组中值的平均值。 |
count(X) | 返回组中项目的数量。 |
max(X) | 返回组中值的最大值。 |
min(X) | 返回组中值的最小值。 |
sum(X) | 返回表达式中所有值的和。 |
其他函数 | |
typeof(X) | 返回数据的类型。 |
last_insert_rowid() | 返回最后插入的数据的ID。 |
sqlite_version(*) | 返回SQLite的版本。 |
change_count() | 返回受上一语句影响的行数。 |
last_statement_change_count() |
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