开题：【好东西，值得研究！】
标题：树莓派2代B model 上手初体验，不用显示器，Python GPIO 点亮一颗LED
【知识普及】
1，树莓派各版本对比：
2，树莓派2代BModel 主板，图样
树莓派2 代B GPIO 图
【所需硬件】
一张TF卡，8G或者8G以上，我的是 【三星TF卡16g class10 EVO】
一根网线，让树莓派与路由器连接
一个5V 500MA 的普通USB电源，为树莓派供电 ，我试过了，5V 500ma没问题
一个树莓派2代B
一个普通路由器【如果你连路由器都没有，可以参照windows的网络共享功能】
一个LED，及导线俩根
一个1K电阻
【软件准备】
windows下操作：：
【官方】树莓派统集合：
http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/
https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads
下载【树莓派定制的Debian系统】
下载最新版树莓派Debian系统： http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_latest
下载后得到文件：2015-09-24-raspbian-jessie.zip
解压这个压缩文件得到：2015-09-24-raspbian-jessie.img
下载【Win32DiskImager】
【写入Linux系统】
TF内存卡插入读卡器，读卡器插入电脑USB
打开Win32DiskImager，找到img文件，目标盘符为TF卡，点击write，大约10几分钟，OK！
确保路由器开启DHCP服务，以便于让树莓派开机就能得到IP地址
Win32DiskImager写入Sucessfully之后，把TF卡插在树莓派的TF卡槽，
【准备就绪,开机】
插好网线，与开启DHCP的路由器连接
插入USB电源，开机
打开路由器管理页面，在ARP映射可以看到多出一个树莓派的IP
Xshell下载：http://www.netsarang.com/products/xsh_overview.html
得到IP后，打开Xshell工具，ssh跟上树莓派的IP
ssh 10.11.12.100
账户：pi
密码：raspberry
【切换到root】
pi@raspberrypi ~ $ sudo su root@raspberrypi:/home/pi#
【更新源】晚上网速有些慢，我的用了15分钟
root@raspberrypi:~# apt-get update Get:1 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie InRelease [15.0 kB] Get:2 http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie InRelease [13.3 kB] Get:3 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/main armhf Packages [8,962 kB] Get:4 http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/main Sources [31.2 kB] Get:5 http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/ui Sources [5,197 B] Get:6 http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/main armhf Packages [101 kB] Get:7 http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/ui armhf Packages [7,639 B] Ign http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/main Translation-en_GB Ign http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/main Translation-en Ign http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/ui Translation-en_GB Ign http://archive.raspberrypi.org jessie/ui Translation-en Get:8 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/contrib armhf Packages [37.5 kB] Get:9 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/non-free armhf Packages [70.2 kB] Get:10 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/rpi armhf Packages [1,356 B] Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/contrib Translation-en_GB Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/contrib Translation-en Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/main Translation-en_GB Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/main Translation-en Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/non-free Translation-en_GB Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/non-free Translation-en Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/rpi Translation-en_GB Ign http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org jessie/rpi Translation-en Fetched 9,244 kB in 15min 48s (9,742 B/s) Reading package lists... Done
【安装Python的GPIO库】
先安装python开发包
root@raspberrypi:~# apt-get -y install python-dev Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: libpython-dev libpython2.7-dev python2.7-dev The following NEW packages will be installed: libpython-dev libpython2.7-dev python-dev python2.7-dev 0 upgraded, 4 newly installed, 0 to remove and 56 not upgraded. Need to get 18.2 MB of archives. After this operation, 25.7 MB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie/main libpython2.7-dev armhf 2.7.9-2 Get:2 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie/main python-dev armhf 2.7.9-1 [1,188 B] 13% [1 libpython2.7-dev 2,376 kB/17.9 MB 13%] [2 python-dev 1,188 B/1,188 Get:3 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie/main libpython-dev armhf 2.7.9-1 [19.6 kB] Get:4 http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie/main python2.7-dev armhf 2.7.9-2 [281 kB] Fetched 18.2 MB in 13s (1,306 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libpython2.7-dev:armhf. (Reading database ... 118460 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libpython2.7-dev_2.7.9-2_armhf.deb ... Unpacking libpython2.7-dev:armhf (2.7.9-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package libpython-dev:armhf. Preparing to unpack .../libpython-dev_2.7.9-1_armhf.deb ... Unpacking libpython-dev:armhf (2.7.9-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package python2.7-dev. Preparing to unpack .../python2.7-dev_2.7.9-2_armhf.deb ... Unpacking python2.7-dev (2.7.9-2) ... Selecting previously unselected package python-dev. Preparing to unpack .../python-dev_2.7.9-1_armhf.deb ... Unpacking python-dev (2.7.9-1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.0.2-5) ... Setting up libpython2.7-dev:armhf (2.7.9-2) ... Setting up libpython-dev:armhf (2.7.9-1) ... Setting up python2.7-dev (2.7.9-2) ... Setting up python-dev (2.7.9-1) ... root@raspberrypi:~#
树莓派GPIO官方说明 https://pypi.python.org/pypi/RPi.GPIO
下载树莓派python GPIO库
root@raspberrypi:~# mkdir /home/gpio root@raspberrypi:~# cd /home/gpio root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio# wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/R/RPi.GPIO/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz --2015-09-24 16:38:10-- https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/R/RPi.GPIO/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz Resolving pypi.python.org (pypi.python.org)... 43.249.72.223 Connecting to pypi.python.org (pypi.python.org)|43.249.72.223|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 27060 (26K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz’ RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz 100%[======================>] 26.43K 94.0KB/s in 0.3s 2015-09-24 16:38:15 (94.0 KB/s) - ‘RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz’ saved [27060/27060]
可以看到下载的GPIO库文件只有27K root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio# ls -lh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 27K May 14 18:27 RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz 解压并进入目录 root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio# tar xf RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.tar.gz root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio# cd RPi.GPIO-0.5.11 root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11#
安装GPIO库
root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11# python setup.py install running install running build running build_py creating build creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7 creating build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi copying RPi/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi running build_ext building 'RPi.GPIO' extension creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7 creating build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c source/py_gpio.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/py_gpio.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c source/c_gpio.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/c_gpio.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c source/cpuinfo.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/cpuinfo.o source/cpuinfo.c: In function ‘get_rpi_info’: source/cpuinfo.c:41:7: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result] fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer) , fp); ^ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c source/event_gpio.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/event_gpio.o source/event_gpio.c: In function ‘gpio_export’: source/event_gpio.c:75:5: warning: ignoring return value of ‘write’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result] write(fd, str_gpio, len); ^ source/event_gpio.c: In function ‘gpio_unexport’: source/event_gpio.c:90:5: warning: ignoring return value of ‘write’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result] write(fd, str_gpio, len); ^ source/event_gpio.c: In function ‘gpio_set_direction’: source/event_gpio.c:106:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘write’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result] write(fd, "in", 3); ^ source/event_gpio.c:108:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘write’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result] write(fd, "out", 4); ^ source/event_gpio.c: In function ‘gpio_set_edge’: source/event_gpio.c:124:5: warning: ignoring return value of ‘write’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result] write(fd, stredge[edge], strlen(stredge[edge]) + 1); ^ arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c source/soft_pwm.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/soft_pwm.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c source/py_pwm.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/py_pwm.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c source/common.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/common.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -fno-strict-aliasing -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c source/constants.c -o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/constants.o arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -pthread -shared -Wl,-O1 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -Wstrict-prototypes -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -Wl,-z,relro -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -g -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/py_gpio.o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/c_gpio.o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/cpuinfo.o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/event_gpio.o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/soft_pwm.o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/py_pwm.o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/common.o build/temp.linux-armv7l-2.7/source/constants.o -o build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi/GPIO.so running install_lib creating /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi copying build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi/GPIO.so -> /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi copying build/lib.linux-armv7l-2.7/RPi/__init__.py -> /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi/__init__.py to __init__.pyc running install_egg_info Writing /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11.egg-info root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11# echo $? 0 可以看到，没有错误
编写一个程序，点亮LED！
注意: 这里使用GPIO.BOARD模式,对应的是主板物理引脚号的排序,也就是说pin1就是板子上的3V3.
把led的负极接到板子上的GPIO.0（pin11） LED正极接一个1K的电阻,在接到5V上（pin2）. 特别注意python的缩进.
root@raspberrypi:/home/gpio/RPi.GPIO-0.5.11# cd root@raspberrypi:~# vim test.py #!/user/bin/python import RPi.GPIO as GPIO import time GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(11,GPIO.OUT) while True: GPIO.output(11,True) time.sleep(1) GPIO.output(11,False) time.sleep(1) 运行程序 root@raspberrypi:~# python test.py
【效果图】 ctrl+c用来终止程序
再来写一个检查按键的小程序：
按键一端接到GND（pin6）,一端加到GPIO.1（PIN12）
root@raspberrypi:~# vim test2.py #!/user/bin/python import RPi.GPIO as GPIO import time GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD) GPIO.setup(11,GPIO.OUT) GPIO.setup(12,GPIO.IN) while True: in_value= GPIO.input(12) if in_value ==False: GPIO.output(11,False) time.sleep(1) GPIO.output(11,True) while in_value == False: in_value = GPIO.input(12)
不按下按键，灯会以1HZ的频率闪烁
按下按键，LED灯熄灭，松手，LED亮起！
【效果图】ctrl+c用来终止程序
gif动画没做好，不去碰按键，灯是1HZ闪烁状态的，
按下按键，LED是熄灭的。
物联网家居，开始折腾！
【树莓派关机命令】
root@raspberrypi:~# init 0
等2秒，可以拔电源了！
[树莓派新手入门基础命令】
查看CPU信息
root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 1 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 2 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 processor : 3 model name : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l) BogoMIPS : 38.40 Features : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm CPU implementer : 0x41 CPU architecture: 7 CPU variant : 0x0 CPU part : 0xc07 CPU revision : 5 Hardware : BCM2709 Revision : a21041 Serial : 000000000f4c5cc4 BCM2708/9 属于处理器的家族 BCM2835/6 属于处理的具体型号
为root设置密码
root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# passwd root Enter new UNIX password:haha Retype new UNIX password: haha passwd: password updated successfully
安装vim编辑器 root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# apt-get -y install vim 开启vim语法高亮 root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# vim /etc/vim/vimrc +19 去掉前面的引号“syntax on，改为下面的，按ESC，按shift+zz保存退出 syntax on 开启root远程登录 root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config +28 把PermitRootLogin without-password改为下面的，按ESC，按shift+zz保存退出 PermitRootLogin yes 重启sshd服务 root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# service sshd restart root@Ubuntu:~# ssh 10.11.12.100 -l root The authenticity of host '10.11.12.100 (10.11.12.100)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is 42:6a:d5:02:d4:23:46:a6:da:00:24:8f:16:2c:c4:49. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.11.12.100' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@10.11.12.100's password: haha The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. Last login: Thu Sep 24 16:15:36 2015 from 10.11.12.14 root@raspberrypi:~# root远程 登录成功！
修改root的配置文件：
root@raspberrypi:~# vim .bashrc
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# Note: PS1 and umask are already set in /etc/profile. You should not
# need this unless you want different defaults for root.
# PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\h:\w\$ '
# umask 022
# You may uncomment the following lines if you want `ls' to be colorized:
export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
eval "`dircolors`"
alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
alias ll='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lh'
alias l='ls $LS_OPTIONS -lA'
#
# Some more alias to avoid making mistakes:
alias rm='rm -i'
alias cp='cp -i'
alias mv='mv -i'
使配置立即生效，注意两个点之间的空格
root@raspberrypi:~# . .bashrc
查看推荐的源
root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# cat /etc/apt/sources.list deb http://mirrordirector.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie main contrib non-free rpi # Uncomment line below then 'apt-get update' to enable 'apt-get source' #deb-src http://archive.raspbian.org/raspbian/ jessie main contrib non-free rpi
查看内存信息：看到的是1G的哈
root@raspberrypi:~# cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 948120 kB MemFree: 789508 kB MemAvailable: 862084 kB Buffers: 17436 kB Cached: 79256 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 85240 kB Inactive: 46372 kB Active(anon): 35252 kB Inactive(anon): 6476 kB Active(file): 49988 kB Inactive(file): 39896 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 102396 kB SwapFree: 102396 kB Dirty: 0 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 35016 kB Mapped: 37816 kB Shmem: 6812 kB Slab: 13516 kB SReclaimable: 6344 kB SUnreclaim: 7172 kB KernelStack: 1136 kB PageTables: 1868 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 576456 kB Committed_AS: 521112 kB VmallocTotal: 1105920 kB VmallocUsed: 1188 kB VmallocChunk: 900580 kB CmaTotal: 8192 kB CmaFree: 3740 kB
查看内存使用情况：
root@raspberrypi:~# free -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 925 172 752 7 25 82 -/+ buffers/cache: 65 860 Swap: 99 0 99
查看磁盘挂载情况：
root@raspberrypi:~# df -hT Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root ext4 3.9G 3.2G 515M 87% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 459M 0 459M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 463M 0 463M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 463M 6.3M 457M 2% /run tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs tmpfs 463M 0 463M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mmcblk0p1 vfat 56M 20M 37M 36% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 93M 0 93M 0% /run/user/1000 tmpfs tmpfs 93M 0 93M 0% /run/user/0
插入一个32GU盘：
root@raspberrypi:~# df -hT Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root ext4 3.9G 3.2G 515M 87% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 459M 0 459M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 463M 0 463M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 463M 6.3M 457M 2% /run tmpfs tmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock tmpfs tmpfs 463M 0 463M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mmcblk0p1 vfat 56M 20M 37M 36% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 93M 0 93M 0% /run/user/1000 tmpfs tmpfs 93M 0 93M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sda1 vfat 30G 14G 16G 47% /media/pi/SSK_32G
查看磁盘的详细信息：
root@raspberrypi:~# hdparm -I /dev/sda /dev/sda: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ATA device, with non-removable media Media Serial Num: YZ[\]^_`ab Media Manufacturer: cdefg Transport: Parallel Standards: Supported: 5 3 Likely used: 5 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 0 0 heads 2560 0 sectors/track 32 0 -- Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes device size with M = 1024*1024: 0 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 0 MBytes cache/buffer size = unknown Capabilities: IORDY(may be)(cannot be disabled) Standby timer values: spec'd by Vendor R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 0 Current = ? DMA: not supported PIO: pio0 Security: Master password revision code = 47 supported not enabled not locked not frozen not expired: security count not supported: enhanced erase 92min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT. Integrity word not set (found 0x0000, expected 0x61a5) root@raspberrypi:~# root@raspberrypi:~# hdparm -I /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: SG_IO: bad/missing sense data, sb[]: 70 00 05 00 00 00 00 0a 00 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ATA device, with non-removable media Media Serial Num: YZ[\]^_`ab Media Manufacturer: cdefg Transport: Parallel Standards: Supported: 5 3 Likely used: 5 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 0 0 heads 2560 0 sectors/track 32 0 -- Logical/Physical Sector size: 512 bytes device size with M = 1024*1024: 0 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 0 MBytes cache/buffer size = unknown Capabilities: IORDY(may be)(cannot be disabled) Standby timer values: spec'd by Vendor R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 0 Current = ? DMA: not supported PIO: pio0 Security: Master password revision code = 47 supported not enabled not locked not frozen not expired: security count not supported: enhanced erase 92min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT. Integrity word not set (found 0x0000, expected 0x61a5) root@raspberrypi:~#
查看发行版信息，可以看到是基于Debian 8.0的jessie版本二次开发的
root@raspberrypi:/home/pi# lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Raspbian Description: Raspbian GNU/Linux 8.0 (jessie) Release: 8.0 Codename: jessie root@raspberrypi:~# uname -a Linux raspberrypi 4.1.7-v7+ #817 SMP PREEMPT Sat Sep 19 15:32:00 BST 2015 armv7l GNU/Linux root@raspberrypi:~# cat /etc/debian_version 8.0 root@raspberrypi:~# cat /etc/issue Raspbian GNU/Linux 8 \n \l
查看USB设备：
root@raspberrypi:~# lsusb -tv /: Bus 01.Port 1: Dev 1, Class=root_hub, Driver=dwc_otg/1p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 2, If 0, Class=Hub, Driver=hub/5p, 480M |__ Port 1: Dev 3, If 0, Class=Vendor Specific Class, Driver=smsc95xx, 480M |__ Port 4: Dev 4, If 0, Class=Mass Storage, Driver=usb-storage, 480M
查看加载的内核驱动：
root@raspberrypi:~# lsmod Module Size Used by iptable_filter 1260 0 ip_tables 11618 1 iptable_filter x_tables 13602 2 ip_tables,iptable_filter sg 18159 0 cfg80211 420690 0 rfkill 16659 1 cfg80211 bcm2835_gpiomem 2995 0 uio_pdrv_genirq 2966 0 uio 8235 1 uio_pdrv_genirq i2c_dev 6047 0 snd_bcm2835 19769 3 snd_pcm 74825 1 snd_bcm2835 snd_timer 18157 1 snd_pcm snd 52116 9 snd_bcm2835,snd_timer,snd_pcm fuse 81710 3 ipv6 339514 30
查看IP信息：
root@raspberrypi:~# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:4c:5c:c4 inet addr:10.11.12.100 Bcast:10.11.12.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::ba27:ebff:fe4c:5cc4/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1572 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1377 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:113971 (111.2 KiB) TX bytes:213173 (208.1 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB) TX bytes:1104 (1.0 KiB)
查看路由表：
root@raspberrypi:~# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 10.11.12.13 0.0.0.0 UG 202 0 0 eth0 10.11.12.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 202 0 0 eth0
查看开启服务的端口，以及建立的连接
root@raspberrypi:~# netstat -lntpa Active Internet connections (servers and established) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 469/sshd tcp 0 152 10.11.12.100:22 10.11.12.14:8041 ESTABLISHED 798/0 tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 469/sshd
查看树莓派上一共有多少个用户
root@raspberrypi:~# cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin systemd-timesync:x:100:103:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false systemd-network:x:101:104:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false systemd-resolve:x:102:105:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:106:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false pi:x:1000:1000:,,,:/home/pi:/bin/bash sshd:x:104:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin messagebus:x:105:110::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false avahi:x:106:111:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false ntp:x:107:112::/home/ntp:/bin/false statd:x:108:65534::/var/lib/nfs:/bin/false lightdm:x:109:114:Light Display Manager:/var/lib/lightdm:/bin/false
转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/990487026/1714461
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