Fragment是一种Android 3.0后引入的API ,它出现的初衷是为了适应平板电脑的大屏幕,手机界面小巧可放下的内容有限,而平板宽阔可以放下手机上的两三个界面一起合起来展示,多个Fragment可以组装拼接嵌套进一个Activity当中,它的生命周期也会受到Activity宿主的生命周期的影响。Fragment有静态创建和动态创建两种方式,静态创建方式是先创建好Fragment,通过继承Fragment类,实现onCreateView()方法返回一个页面视图View,然后在Activity页面中嵌套进去,通过Activity的布局文件XML文件中用标签中的name属性引入事先创建好的Fragement的java文件。而动态创建方式的不同点在于嵌套进Activity这里,不是通过XML里面嵌套进去,是在Activity的java文件里面通过Fragment的事务对象执行增删改查替换操作嵌套进去。 下面是一个软件主界面的制作,使用了4个Fragment嵌套进主页当中展示。 先上效果图:
第一个Fragment制作文件:HomeActivity.java
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import main.com.com.R;
public class HomeActivity extends Fragment {
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_home,null);
return view;
}
}
第二个文件:activity_home.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge"
android:text="第一个页面"
android:textSize="40sp"
android:id="@+id/textView"
android:layout_centerInParent="true" />
</RelativeLayout>
第二个Fragment的制作:SearchActivity.java
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import main.com.com.R;
public class SearchActivity extends Fragment{
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view=inflater.inflate(R.layout.activity_search,null);
return view;
}
}
布局文件activity_search.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge"
android:text="第二个页面"
android:textSize="40sp"
android:id="@+id/textView2"
android:layout_centerInParent="true" />
</RelativeLayout>
剩下的2个Fragment的制作一样的就不重复了。 Activity的文件: MainActivity.java
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import main.com.com.R;
public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity{
RadioGroup titleGroup;
RadioButton radioHome,radioSearch,radioMore,radioPersonal;
LinearLayout contentLayout;
FragmentManager manager;
FragmentTransaction transaction;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
titleGroup=(RadioGroup)findViewById(R.id.titleGroup);
radioHome=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.radioHome);
contentLayout=(LinearLayout)findViewById(R.id.contentLayout);
//1.获取Fragment管理器对象,这里用的是support.v4.app包下的Fragment,有个app包下Fragment的不一样
manager=getSupportFragmentManager();
//2.获取Fragment事务对象,并开启事务
transaction=manager.beginTransaction();
//3.调用事务的动态方法这里是给contentLayout控件下添加一个Fragment页面
transaction.add(R.id.contentLayout,new HomeActivity());
//4.把添加事务提交,不提交不生效
transaction.commit();//提交后事务对象就没了,需要还要重新获得
titleGroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
transaction=manager.beginTransaction();
switch (checkedId){
case R.id.radioHome:
//事务的替换方法,在这个控件下用new HomeActivity()替换旧的Fragment
transaction.replace(R.id.contentLayout, new HomeActivity());
break;
case R.id.radioSearch:
transaction.replace(R.id.contentLayout,new SearchActivity());
break;
case R.id.radioMore:
transaction.replace(R.id.contentLayout, new MoreActivity());
break;
case R.id.radioPersonal:
transaction.replace(R.id.contentLayout, new PersonalActivity());
break;
}
transaction.commit();
}
});
}
}
Activity的布局文件:activity_main.java
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:focusable="false"
>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/contentLayout"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:focusable="false"
android:background="#ffffff"
android:gravity="center"
>
/>
</LinearLayout>
<RadioGroup
android:id="@+id/titleGroup"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="80dp"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_below="@+id/line"
android:focusable="false"
>
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/radioHome"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/title_home"
android:checked="true"
android:enabled="true"
android:focusable="true"
android:button="@null"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/home_selected"
android:drawablePadding="5dp"
android:padding="5dp"
/>
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/radioSearch"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="@string/title_search"
android:checked="false"
android:button="@null"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/find_selected"
android:drawablePadding="5dp"
android:padding="5dp"/>
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/radioMore"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="@string/title_more"
android:checked="false"
android:button="@null"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/more_selected"
android:drawablePadding="5dp"
android:padding="5dp"/>
<RadioButton
android:id="@+id/radioPersonal"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="@string/title_personal"
android:checked="false"
android:button="@null"
android:drawableTop="@drawable/personal_user"
android:drawablePadding="5dp"
android:padding="5dp"/>
</RadioGroup>
</RelativeLayout>