Linux常用命令笔记---YUM

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-05 17:13:37 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-04-05 17:13:37 发布

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文章标签：运维操作系统 shell

原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/2816056/1153758

版权

软件包名称-软件包版本-软件包修订次数(3.el).适用的硬件平台.扩展名

[root@szm bash]# yum -h

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities, refresh-packagekit

Usage: yum [options] COMMAND

List of Commands:

check Check for problems in the rpmdb

check-update Check for available package updates

clean Remove cached data

deplist List a package's dependencies

distribution-synchronization Synchronize installed packages to the latest available versions

downgrade downgrade a package---下载可用升级包

erase Remove a package or packages from your system

groupinfo Display details about a package group

groupinstall Install the packages in a group on your system

grouplist List available package groups

groupremove Remove the packages in a group from your system

help Display a helpful usage message

history Display, or use, the transaction history

info Display details about a package or group of packages

install Install a package or packages on your system

list List a package or groups of packages

load-transaction load a saved transaction from filename

makecache Generate the metadata cache

provides Find what package provides the given value--从特别的文件搜索软件包

reinstall reinstall a package

repolist Display the configured software repositories----查看软件仓库信息

resolvedep Determine which package provides the given dependency--查询软件包依赖

search Search package details for the given string

shell Run an interactive yum shell

update Update a package or packages on your system

upgrade Update packages taking obsoletes into account

version Display a version for the machine and/or available repos.

Options:

-h, --help show this help message and exit

-t, --tolerant be tolerant of errors

-C, --cacheonly run entirely from system cache, don't update cache

-c [config file], --config=[config file]

config file location

-R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes]

maximum command wait time

-d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level]

debugging output level

--showduplicates show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands

-e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level]

error output level

--rpmverbosity=[debug level name]

debugging output level for rpm

-q, --quiet quiet operation

-v, --verbose verbose operation

-y, --assumeyes answer yes for all questions

--version show Yum version and exit

--installroot=[path] set install root----设置指定安装目录

--enablerepo=[repo] enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)

--disablerepo=[repo] disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)

-x [package], --exclude=[package]

exclude package(s) by name or glob

--disableexcludes=[repo]

disable exclude from main, for a repo or for

everything

--obsoletes enable obsoletes processing during updates

--noplugins disable Yum plugins

--nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking

--disableplugin=[plugin]

disable plugins by name

--enableplugin=[plugin]

enable plugins by name

--skip-broken skip packages with depsolving problems

--color=COLOR control whether color is used

--releasever=RELEASEVER

set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files

--setopt=SETOPTS set arbitrary config and repo options

Plugin Options:

--samearch-priorities

Priority-exclude packages based on name + arch

-localinstall安装本地rpm文件，解决依赖问题

[root@szm bash]# yum search zsh

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities, refresh-packagekit

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: centos.ustc.edu.cn

* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn

* remi: rpms.famillecollet.com

* rpmforge: mirror.oscc.org.my

* updates: mirror01.idc.hinet.net

epel/pkgtags | 325 B 00:00

=============================================== N/S Matched: zsh ===============================================

autojump-zsh.noarch : Autojump for zsh

gromacs-zsh.noarch : GROMACS zsh support

python-twisted-core-zsh.i686 : Tab completion for Zsh and Twisted Core

zsh-html.i686 : Zsh shell manual in html format

zsh.i686 : A powerful interactive shell

Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

[root@szm bash]# yum info zsh-html

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities, refresh-packagekit

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: centos.ustc.edu.cn

* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn

* remi: rpms.famillecollet.com

* rpmforge: mirror.oscc.org.my

* updates: mirror01.idc.hinet.net

Available Packages

Name : zsh-html

Arch : i686

Version : 4.3.10

Release : 5.el6

Size : 454 k

Repo : base

Summary : Zsh shell manual in html format

URL : http://zsh.sunsite.dk/

License : BSD

Description : The zsh shell is a command interpreter usable as an interactive login

: shell and as a shell script command processor. Zsh resembles the ksh

: shell (the Korn shell), but includes many enhancements. Zsh supports

: command line editing, built-in spelling correction, programmable

: command completion, shell functions (with autoloading), a history

: mechanism, and more.

: This package contains the Zsh manual in html format.

[root@szm bash]# yum grouplist

查询软件包安装了哪些文件：
[root@szm bash]# yum whatprovides /bin/ls

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities, refresh-packagekit

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: centos.ustc.edu.cn

* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

* extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn

* remi: rpms.famillecollet.com

* rpmforge: mirror.oscc.org.my

* updates: mirror01.idc.hinet.net

coreutils-8.4-19.el6.i686 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts

Repo : base

Matched from:

Filename : /bin/ls

coreutils-8.4-19.el6.i686 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts

Repo : installed

Matched from:

Other : Provides-match: /bin/ls

[root@szm bash]# rpm --help

Usage: rpm [OPTION...]

--quiet

Query/Verify package selection options:

-a, --all query/verify all packages

-f, --file query/verify package(s) owning file

-g, --group query/verify package(s) in group

-p, --package query/verify a package file--查询未安装rpm文件

-W, --ftswalk query/verify package(s) from TOP file tree walk

--pkgid query/verify package(s) with package identifier

--hdrid query/verify package(s) with header identifier

--fileid query/verify package(s) with file identifier

--specfile query a spec file

--triggeredby query the package(s) triggered by the package

--whatrequires query/verify the package(s) which require a dependency

--whatprovides query/verify the package(s) which provide a dependency

--nomanifest do not process non-package files as manifests

Query options (with -q or --query):

-c, --configfiles list all configuration files

-d, --docfiles list all documentation files

--dump dump basic file information

-l, --list list files in package

--queryformat=QUERYFORMAT use the following query format

-s, --state display the states of the listed files

Verify options (with -V or --verify):

--nofiledigest don't verify digest of files

--nomd5 don't verify digest of files

--nofiles don't verify files in package

--nodeps don't verify package dependencies

--noscript don't execute verify script(s)

File tree walk options (with --ftswalk):

--comfollow follow command line symlinks

--logical logical walk

--nochdir don't change directories

--nostat don't get stat info

--physical physical walk

--seedot return dot and dot-dot

--xdev don't cross devices

--whiteout return whiteout information

Signature options:

--addsign sign package(s) (identical to --resign)

-K, --checksig verify package signature(s)

--delsign delete package signatures

--import import an armored public key

--resign sign package(s) (identical to --addsign)

--nodigest don't verify package digest(s)

--nosignature don't verify package signature(s)

Database options:

--initdb initialize database

--rebuilddb rebuild database inverted lists from installed package headers

Install/Upgrade/Erase options:

--aid add suggested packages to transaction

--allfiles install all files, even configurations which might otherwise be skipped

--allmatches remove all packages which match <package> (normally an error is generated

if <package> specified multiple packages)

--badreloc relocate files in non-relocatable package

-e, --erase=<package>+ erase (uninstall) package

--excludedocs do not install documentation

--excludepath=<path> skip files with leading component <path>

--fileconflicts detect file conflicts between packages

--force short hand for --replacepkgs --replacefiles强制安装

-F, --freshen=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s) if already installed

-h, --hash print hash marks as package installs (good with -v)

--ignorearch don't verify package architecture

--ignoreos don't verify package operating system

--ignoresize don't check disk space before installing

-i, --install install package(s)

--justdb update the database, but do not modify the filesystem

--nodeps do not verify package dependencies

--nofiledigest don't verify digest of files

--nomd5 don't verify digest of files (obsolete)

--nocontexts don't install file security contexts

--noorder do not reorder package installation to satisfy dependencies

--nosuggest do not suggest missing dependency resolution(s)

--noscripts do not execute package scriptlet(s)

--notriggers do not execute any scriptlet(s) triggered by this package

--oldpackage upgrade to an old version of the package (--force on upgrades does this(安装旧版本软件)

automatically)

--percent print percentages as package installs

--prefix=<dir> relocate the package to <dir>, if relocatable

--relocate=<old>=<new> relocate files from path <old> to <new>

--replacefiles ignore file conflicts between packages

--replacepkgs reinstall if the package is already present

--test don't install, but tell if it would work or not

-U, --upgrade=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s)

Common options for all rpm modes and executables:

-D, --define='MACRO EXPR' define MACRO with value EXPR

-E, --eval='EXPR' print macro expansion of EXPR

--macros=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)

--nodigest don't verify package digest(s)

--nosignature don't verify package signature(s)

--rcfile=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)

-r, --root=ROOT use ROOT as top level directory (default: "/")

--querytags display known query tags

--showrc display final rpmrc and macro configuration

--quiet provide less detailed output

-v, --verbose provide more detailed output

--version print the version of rpm being used

Options implemented via popt alias/exec:

--scripts list install/erase scriptlets from package(s)

--setperms set permissions of files in a package

--setugids set user/group ownership of files in a package

--conflicts list capabilities this package conflicts with

--obsoletes list other packages removed by installing this package

--provides list capabilities that this package provides

--requires (-R) list capabilities required by package(s)

--info list descriptive information from package(s)

--changelog list change logs for this package

--xml list metadata in xml

--triggers list trigger scriptlets from package(s)

--last list package(s) by install time, most recent first

--dupes list duplicated packages

--filesbypkg list all files from each package

--fileclass list file names with classes

--filecolor list file names with colors

--fscontext list file names with security context from file system

--fileprovide list file names with provides

--filerequire list file names with requires

--filecaps list file names with POSIX1.e capabilities

Help options:

-?, --help Show this help message

--usage Display brief usage message

rpm数据库：

[root@szm bash]# cat /var/lib/rpm/

Basenames __db.003 Group Packages Requirename Sigmd5

Conflictname __db.004 Installtid Providename Requireversion Triggername

__db.001 Dirnames Name Provideversion .rpm.lock

__db.002 Filedigests Obsoletename Pubkeys Sha1header

查询所有配置文件

[root@szm bash]# rpm -qc bind

查询所有帮助文件：

[root@szm bash]# rpm -qd bind

文件属于哪个软件：

[root@szm bash]# rpm -qf /etc/passwd

setup-2.8.14-20.el6.noarch

依赖关系：

[root@szm bash]# rpm -qR bind

依赖关系和没安装的包：

[root@szm bash]# rpm -qRp bind

查询软件包安装文件：

[root@szm bash]# rpm -ql bind

rpm验证数字签名：

[root@szm bash]# rpm -Va

....L.... c /etc/dracut.conf

....L.... c /etc/pulse/default.pa

S.5....T. c /etc/rsyslog.conf

S.5....T. c /etc/dumpdates

S.5....T. c /etc/pam_ldap.conf

S.5....T. c /etc/yp.conf

S.5....T. c /etc/sudoers

.......T. c /etc/dnsmasq.conf

S.5....T. c /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

S.5....T. c /etc/openldap/ldap.conf

..5....T. /usr/share/ibus-table/tables/compose.db

..5....T. /usr/share/ibus-table/tables/latex.db

S.5....T. c /etc/updatedb.conf

S.5....T. c /var/lib/nfs/etab

.M....... c /etc/cups/subscriptions.conf

.M....G.. /var/log/gdm

.M....... /var/run/gdm

missing /var/run/gdm/greeter

....L.... c /etc/pam.d/fingerprint-auth

....L.... c /etc/pam.d/password-auth

....L.... c /etc/pam.d/smartcard-auth

....L.... c /etc/pam.d/system-auth

prelink: /usr/lib/libunistring.so.0.1.2: at least one of file's dependencies has changed since prelinking

S.?...... /usr/lib/libunistring.so.0.1.2

.......T. /var/log/tomcat6/catalina.out

..5....T. c /etc/inittab

..5....T. /etc/ld.so.conf.d/kernel-2.6.32-71.el6.i686.conf

S.5...... /usr/libexec/perf.2.6.32-71.el6.i686

第一列：文件的属性
第二列：文件的类型
第三列：所检查的文件

S：文件大小或容量与原文件不同
M：文件的属性或权限与原文件不同
5：MD5的HASH值与原文件不同
D：设备文件的主次设备号与原文件不同
L：文件的链接路径与原文件不同
U：文件拥有人信息与原文件不同
G：文件拥有组成员与原文件不同
T：文件的创建时间与原文件

c：代表配置文件
d：代表文档
g：代表Ghost类型文件
l：代表版权类型文件
r：自述类型文件

数字签名：

[root@szm Desktop]# ls /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/

RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-dag

RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6 RPM-GPG-KEY-remi RPM-GPG-KEY-rpmforge-fabian

[root@szm Desktop]# cat /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

Version: GnuPG v1.4.5 (GNU/Linux)

mQINBE4P06MBEACqn48FZgYkG2QrtUAVDV58H6LpDYEcTcv4CIFSkgs6dJ9TavCW

NyPBZRpM2R+Rg5eVqlborp7TmktBP/sSsxc8eJ+3P2aQWSWc5ol74Y0OznJUCrBr

bIdypJllsD9Fe+h7gLBXTh3vdBEWr2lR+xA+Oou8UlO2gFbVFQqMafUgU1s0vqaE

/hHH0TzwD0/tJ6eqIbHwVR/Bu6kHFK4PwePovhfvyYD9Y+C0vOYd5Ict2vbLHz1f

QBDZObv4M6KN3j7nzme47hKtdMd+LwFqxM5cXfM6b5doDulWPmuGV78VoX6OR7el

x1tlfpuiFeuXYnImm5nTawArcQ1UkXUSYcTUKShJebRDLR3BycxR39Q9jtbOQ29R

FumHginovEhdUcinRr22eRXgcmzpR00zFIWoFCwHh/OCtG14nFhefuZ8Z80qbVhW

2J9+/O4tksv9HtQBmQNOK5S8C4HNF2M8AfOWNTr8esFSDc0YA5/cxzdfOOtWam/w

lBpNcUUSSgddRsBwijPuWhVA3NmA/uQlJtAo4Ji5vo8cj5MTPG3+U+rfNqRxu1Yc

ioXRo4LzggPscaTZX6V24n0fzw0J2k7TT4sX007k+7YXwEMqmHpcMYbDNzdCzUer

Zilh5hihJwvGfdi234W3GofttoO+jaAZjic7a3p6cO1ICMgfVqrbZCUQVQARAQAB

tEZDZW50T1MtNiBLZXkgKENlbnRPUyA2IE9mZmljaWFsIFNpZ25pbmcgS2V5KSA8

Y2VudG9zLTYta2V5QGNlbnRvcy5vcmc+iQI8BBMBAgAmBQJOD9OjAhsDBQkSzAMA

BgsJCAcDAgQVAggDBBYCAwECHgECF4AACgkQCUb8osEFud6ajRAAnb6d+w6Y/v/d

MSy7UEy4rNquArix8xhqBwwjoGXpa37OqTvvcJrftZ1XgtzmTbkqXc+9EFch0C+w

ST10f+H0SPTUGuPwqLkg27snUkDAv1B8laub+l2L9erzCaRriH8MnFyxt5v1rqWA

mVlRymzgXK+EQDr+XOgMm1CvxVY3OwdjdoHNox4TdVQWlZl83xdLXBxkd5IRciNm

sg5fJAzAMeg8YsoDee3m4khg9gEm+/Rj5io8Gfk0nhQpgGGeS1HEXl5jzTb44zQW

qudkfcLEdUMOECbu7IC5Z1wrcj559qcp9C94IwQQO+LxLwg4kHffvZjCaOXDRiya

h8KGsEDuiqwjU9HgGq9fa0Ceo3OyUazUi+WnOxBLVIQ8cUZJJ2Ia5PDnEsz59kCp

JmBZaYPxUEteMtG3yDTa8c8jUnJtMPpkwpSkeMBeNr/rEH4YcBoxuFjppHzQpJ7G

hZRbOfY8w97TgJbfDElwTX0/xX9ypsmBezgGoOvOkzP9iCy9YUBc9q/SNnflRWPO

sMVrjec0vc6ffthu2xBdigBXhL7x2bphWzTXf2T067k+JOdoh5EGney6LhQzcp8m

YCTENStCR+L/5XwrvNgRBnoXe4e0ZHet1CcCuBCBvSmsPHp5ml21ahsephnHx+rl

JNGtzulnNP07RyfzQcpCNFH7W4lXzqM=

=jrWY

-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----

安装证书：

[root@szm bash]# rpm --import ...

查询系统中已经安装了哪些数字证书：

[root@szm bash]# rpm -qa | grep -i GPG

pygpgme-0.1-18.20090824bzr68.el6.i686

gpg-pubkey-00f97f56-467e318a

gpgme-1.1.8-3.el6.i686

gpg-pubkey-0608b895-4bd22942

libgpg-error-1.7-4.el6.i686

gpg-pubkey-7fac5991-4615767f

gpg-pubkey-6b8d79e6-3f49313d

gpg-pubkey-c105b9de-4e0fd3a3

验证数字证书：

[root@szm Downloads]# rpm -K rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm

rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm: (sha1) dsa sha1 md5 gpg OK

MD5校验：

[root@szm Downloads]# md5sum rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm

7cc287ef15afe2809d9d24b69ba4d434 rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm

删除RPM包：

[root@szm Downloads]# rpm -e ...

YUM源配置：

Enable：0禁用，1启用

gpgcheck：0禁用，1启用

帮助文档：man yum.conf

查看系统所有可用的yum安装源：

[root@szm Downloads]# yum repolist all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, priorities, refresh-packagekit

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

* base: ftp.stu.edu.tw

* epel: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn

* extras: ftp.stu.edu.tw

* remi: rpms.famillecollet.com

* rpmforge: mirror.oscc.org.my

* updates: mirror01.idc.hinet.net

http://dl.google.com/linux/rpm/stable/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 7 - "Failed to connect to 2404:6800:4005:c00::5d: Network is unreachable"

Trying other mirror.

http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/rpm/stable/i386/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 7 - "Failed to connect to 2404:6800:4005:c00::5d: Network is unreachable"

Trying other mirror.

http://dl.google.com/linux/rpm/stable/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] PYCURL ERROR 7 - "Failed to connect to 2404:6800:4005:c00::5d: Network is unreachable"

Trying other mirror.

repo id repo name status

C6.0-base CentOS-6.0 - Base disabled

C6.0-centosplus CentOS-6.0 - CentOSPlus disabled

C6.0-contrib CentOS-6.0 - Contrib disabled

C6.0-extras CentOS-6.0 - Extras disabled

C6.0-updates CentOS-6.0 - Updates disabled

C6.1-base CentOS-6.1 - Base disabled

C6.1-centosplus CentOS-6.1 - CentOSPlus disabled

C6.1-contrib CentOS-6.1 - Contrib disabled

C6.1-extras CentOS-6.1 - Extras disabled

C6.1-updates CentOS-6.1 - Updates disabled

C6.2-base CentOS-6.2 - Base disabled

C6.2-centosplus CentOS-6.2 - CentOSPlus disabled

C6.2-contrib CentOS-6.2 - Contrib disabled

C6.2-extras CentOS-6.2 - Extras disabled

C6.2-updates CentOS-6.2 - Updates disabled

C6.3-base CentOS-6.3 - Base disabled

C6.3-centosplus CentOS-6.3 - CentOSPlus disabled

C6.3-contrib CentOS-6.3 - Contrib disabled

C6.3-extras CentOS-6.3 - Extras disabled

C6.3-updates CentOS-6.3 - Updates disabled

base CentOS-6 - Base enabled: 4,802

c6-media CentOS-6 - Media disabled

centosplus CentOS-6 - Plus disabled

contrib CentOS-6 - Contrib disabled

debug CentOS-6 - Debuginfo disabled

epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - i386 enabled: 7,002

epel-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - i386 - Debug disabled

epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - i386 - Source disabled

epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - i386 disabled

epel-testing-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - i386 - Debug disabled

epel-testing-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - i386 - Source disabled

extras CentOS-6 - Extras enabled: 12

google Google - i386 enabled: 3

google-chrome google-chrome enabled: 3

google64 Google - x86_64 enabled: 3

remi Les RPM de remi pour Enterprise Linux 6 - i386 enabled: 953

remi-debuginfo Les RPM de remi pour Enterprise Linux 6 - i386 - debuginfo disabled

remi-test Les RPM de remi en test pour Enterprise Linux 6 - i386 disabled

remi-test-debuginfo Les RPM de remi en test pour Enterprise Linux 6 - i386 - debuginfo disabled

rpmforge RHEL 6 - RPMforge.net - dag enabled: 4,513

rpmforge-extras RHEL 6 - RPMforge.net - extras disabled

rpmforge-testing RHEL 6 - RPMforge.net - testing disabled

updates CentOS-6 - Updates enabled: 170

安装源软件列表缓存路径： [root@szm Downloads]# cat /var/cache/yum

清除缓存： [root@szm Downloads]# yum clean all

转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/2816056/1153758

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